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作恶必死

18 耶和华的话临到我说: “论到以色列地,你们为甚么引用这俗语说‘父亲吃了酸葡萄,儿子的牙酸倒了’呢? 我指着我的永生起誓:你们在以色列中必不再引用这俗语了。这是主耶和华的话。 看哪!所有的人都是属我的,作父亲的怎样属我,作儿子的也怎样属我,唯独犯罪的,才会灭亡。

行义必生

“人若是公义,又行公道和正直的事: 他不在山上吃祭肉,眼目也不仰望以色列家的偶像,不玷污邻舍的妻子,不亲近在经期中的妇人; 不欺压任何人,把欠债人的抵押归还;他不抢夺人的物件,却把自己的食物给饥饿的人,把衣服给赤身的人穿著; 他借东西给人不取利息,也不多要,他使自己的手远离罪恶,在人与人之间施行诚实的判断; 他遵行我的律例,谨守我的典章,行事诚实,这人是个义人,他必定存活。这是主耶和华的宣告。

父善子恶罚子

10 “他若是生一个儿子,是个强暴的人,流人的血,又向兄弟行上述任何一件恶事 11 (虽然他父亲并没有作这样的事):他在山上吃祭肉,又玷污邻舍的妻子; 12 他欺压困苦和贫穷的人,抢夺人的物件,没有把抵押品归还,眼目仰望偶像,并行可憎的事; 13 他借东西给人要收利息,也向人多要,这样的人能存活吗?他必不能存活;他行了这一切可憎的事,必要灭亡;他的罪(“罪”原文作“血”)要归到他身上。

子善父恶罚父

14 “他若生一个儿子,这儿子看见他父亲所犯的一切罪,他虽然看见了,却不照样去作: 15 他不在山上吃祭肉,眼目不仰望以色列家的偶像,不玷污邻舍的妻子; 16 不欺压任何人,不索取抵押品,不抢夺人的物件,却把自己的食物给饥饿的人,把衣服给赤身的人穿著; 17 他不伸手欺压困苦人,借东西给人不取利息,也不多要;他遵守我的典章,遵行我的律例,这人就必不因他父亲的罪孽而灭亡;他必要存活。 18 至于他的父亲,因为他勒索,抢夺兄弟的物件,在自己的同胞中行不善的事,所以他必因自己的罪孽而灭亡。

19 “你们还问:‘儿子为甚么不担当父亲的罪孽呢?’儿子若行正直和公义的事,谨守遵行我的一切律例,就必存活。 20 唯独犯罪的,才会灭亡;儿子必不担当父亲的罪孽,父亲也必不担当儿子的罪孽;义人的义必归他自己,恶人的恶也必归他自己。

先恶后善主不念旧恶

21 “恶人若回转,离开他所犯的一切罪,谨守我的一切律例,行正直和公义的事,就必存活,不致灭亡。 22 他所犯的一切罪过都不会被记念,作控诉他的理由;他必因自己所行的义而存活。 23 难道我喜悦恶人死亡吗?我不是喜悦他回转离开他所行的而存活吗?这是主耶和华的宣告。

先善后恶主不念前善

24 “义人若转离他的义去行恶,照着恶人所行一切可憎的事而行,他能存活吗?他所行的一切义都不会被记念;他必因他所行不忠的事和他所犯的罪而灭亡。

主行事公平

25 “你们还说:‘主所行的不公平。’以色列家啊,你们要听!我所行的哪里不公平呢?岂不是你们所行的不公平吗? 26 义人若转离他的义去行恶,他就必因此灭亡;他必因着他所行的不义灭亡。 27 还有,恶人若回转离开他所行的恶,行正直公义的事,他就可以使自己的性命存活。 28 因为他思量了,就转离他所犯的一切罪过,所以他必然存活,不致灭亡。 29 但以色列家还说:‘主所行的不公平。’以色列家啊,我所行的哪里不公平呢?岂不是你们所行的不公平吗?

30 “因此,以色列家啊,我必照着你们各人所行的审判你们。你们回转吧!离开你们的一切罪过吧!免得罪孽成为你们的绊脚石。这是主耶和华的宣告。 31 你们要把你们所犯的一切罪过弃掉,为自己造一个新的心和新的灵。以色列家啊,你们为甚么要灭亡呢?

劝离恶从善

32 “我不喜悦任何人灭亡,所以你们要回转,得以存活。这是主耶和华的宣告。”

A justiça de Deus

18 Recebi outra mensagem do Senhor: “Por que vocês citam este provérbio a respeito da terra de Israel: ‘Os pais comeram uvas azedas, mas os dentes dos filhos é que estragaram’? Tão certo como eu vivo, diz o Senhor Soberano, vocês não citarão mais esse provérbio em Israel. Pois todos me pertencem, tanto pais como filhos. Aquele que pecar é que morrerá.

“Suponhamos que um homem seja justo e faça o que é certo e direito. Não participa de banquetes nos lugares de adoração diante dos ídolos[a] de Israel nem os adora. Não comete adultério e não tem relações com a mulher quando ela está menstruada. É um credor misericordioso, que não fica com os objetos entregues como garantia pelos devedores pobres. Não rouba dos pobres; antes, dá alimento aos famintos e providencia roupas aos necessitados. Empresta dinheiro sem visar lucros, mantém-se afastado da injustiça, é honesto e imparcial quando julga e obedece fielmente a meus decretos e estatutos. Quem age desse modo é justo e certamente viverá, diz o Senhor Soberano.

10 “Suponhamos, porém, que esse homem tenha um filho ladrão ou assassino, que se recusa a fazer o que é certo. 11 Suponhamos que esse filho faça todas as maldades que seu pai jamais faria: participe de banquetes oferecidos a ídolos nos lugares de adoração, cometa adultério, 12 oprima os pobres e os desamparados, roube de seus devedores ao não lhes devolver sua garantia, adore ídolos, pratique pecados detestáveis 13 e empreste dinheiro visando lucros. Acaso esse pecador deve viver? Não, ele será responsabilizado e morrerá.

14 “Suponhamos, porém, que esse filho pecador tenha, por sua vez, um filho que vê a perversidade do pai e decide não viver desse modo. 15 Esse filho não participa de banquetes nos lugares de adoração, não adora ídolos e não comete adultério. 16 Não explora os pobres; antes, trata os devedores com imparcialidade e não rouba deles. Dá alimentos aos famintos e providencia roupas aos necessitados. 17 Ajuda os pobres,[b] não empresta dinheiro visando lucros e obedece a todos os meus decretos e estatutos. Ele não morrerá por causa dos pecados de seu pai; certamente viverá. 18 O pai, no entanto, morrerá por causa de seus muitos pecados, por ser cruel, roubar das pessoas e fazer o que era claramente errado no meio de seu povo.

19 “Vocês, porém, perguntam: ‘Como assim? O filho não paga pelos pecados do pai?’. Não! Pois se o filho faz o que é justo e certo e guarda meus decretos, ele certamente viverá. 20 Aquele que pecar é que morrerá. O filho não será castigado pelos pecados do pai, e o pai não será castigado pelos pecados do filho. Os justos serão recompensados por sua justiça, e os perversos serão castigados por sua perversidade. 21 Mas, se os perversos abandonarem seus pecados e obedecerem a meus decretos e fizerem o que é justo e certo, com certeza viverão, e não morrerão. 22 Todos os pecados que cometeram no passado serão esquecidos, e eles viverão por causa de seus atos de justiça.

23 “Vocês acham que eu gosto de ver os perversos morrerem?, diz o Senhor Soberano. Claro que não! Meu desejo é que eles se afastem de seus maus caminhos e vivam. 24 Contudo, se os justos se afastarem de sua justiça, cometerem pecados e agirem como outros pecadores, deve-se permitir que vivam? Claro que não! Todos os seus atos de justiça serão esquecidos, e eles morrerão por causa de seus pecados.

25 “Vocês, porém, dizem: ‘O Senhor não é justo!’. Ouça, ó povo de Israel: quem é injusto, eu ou vocês? 26 Se os justos se afastarem de sua justiça e cometerem pecados, morrerão por causa disso. Sim, eles morrerão por causa de seus pecados. 27 E, se os perversos se afastarem de sua perversidade e fizerem o que é justo e certo, preservarão a vida. 28 Eles viverão, pois pensaram melhor e decidiram se afastar de seus pecados. 29 E, no entanto, o povo de Israel continua a dizer: ‘O Senhor não é justo!’. Ó povo de Israel, vocês é que são injustos, e não eu!

30 “Portanto, julgarei cada um de vocês, ó povo de Israel, conforme suas ações, diz o Senhor Soberano. Arrependam-se e afastem-se de seus pecados, e não permitam que eles os derrubem. 31 Deixem toda a sua rebeldia para trás e busquem um coração novo e um espírito novo. Por que morrer, ó povo de Israel? 32 Não é meu desejo que morram, diz o Senhor Soberano. Arrependam-se e vivam!”

Footnotes

  1. 18.6 É provável que o termo hebraico (lit., coisas redondas) se refira a esterco; também em 18.12,15.
  2. 18.17 A Septuaginta traz Recusa-se a fazer o mal.

A False Proverb Refuted

18 The word of the Lord came to me again, saying, “What do you mean when you use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying:

‘The (A)fathers have eaten sour grapes,
And the children’s teeth are set on edge’?

As I live,” says the Lord God, “you shall no longer use this proverb in Israel.

“Behold, all souls are (B)Mine;
The soul of the father
As well as the soul of the son is Mine;
(C)The soul who sins shall die.
But if a man is just
And does what is lawful and right;
(D)If he has not eaten [a]on the mountains,
Nor lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel,
Nor (E)defiled his neighbor’s wife,
Nor approached (F)a woman during her impurity;
If he has not (G)oppressed anyone,
But has restored to the debtor his (H)pledge;
Has robbed no one by violence,
But has (I)given his bread to the hungry
And covered the naked with (J)clothing;
If he has not [b]exacted (K)usury
Nor taken any increase,
But has withdrawn his hand from iniquity
And (L)executed true [c]judgment between man and man;
If he has walked in My statutes
And kept My judgments faithfully—
He is just;
He shall surely (M)live!”
Says the Lord God.

10 “If he begets a son who is a robber
Or (N)a shedder of blood,
Who does any of these things
11 And does none of those duties,
But has eaten [d]on the mountains
Or defiled his neighbor’s wife;
12 If he has oppressed the poor and needy,
Robbed by violence,
Not restored the pledge,
Lifted his eyes to the idols,
Or (O)committed abomination;
13 If he has exacted usury
Or taken increase—
Shall he then live?
He shall not live!
If he has done any of these abominations,
He shall surely die;
(P)His blood shall be upon him.

14 If, however, he begets a son
Who sees all the sins which his father has done,
And considers but does not do likewise;
15 (Q)Who has not eaten [e]on the mountains,
Nor lifted his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel,
Nor defiled his neighbor’s wife;
16 Has not oppressed anyone,
Nor withheld a pledge,
Nor robbed by violence,
But has given his bread to the hungry
And covered the naked with clothing;
17 Who has withdrawn his hand from [f]the poor
And not received usury or increase,
But has executed My judgments
And walked in My statutes—
He shall not die for the iniquity of his father;
He shall surely live!

18 As for his father,
Because he cruelly oppressed,
Robbed his brother by violence,
And did what is not good among his people,
Behold, (R)he shall die for his iniquity.

Turn and Live

19 “Yet you say, ‘Why (S)should the son not bear the guilt of the father?’ Because the son has done what is lawful and right, and has kept all My statutes and observed them, he shall surely live. 20 (T)The soul who sins shall die. (U)The son shall not bear the guilt of the father, nor the father bear the guilt of the son. (V)The righteousness of the righteous shall be upon himself, (W)and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon himself.

21 “But (X)if a wicked man turns from all his sins which he has committed, keeps all My statutes, and does what is lawful and right, he shall surely live; he shall not die. 22 (Y)None of the transgressions which he has committed shall be remembered against him; because of the righteousness which he has done, he shall (Z)live. 23 (AA)Do I have any pleasure at all that the wicked should die?” says the Lord God, “and not that he should turn from his ways and live?

24 “But (AB)when a righteous man turns away from his righteousness and commits iniquity, and does according to all the abominations that the wicked man does, shall he live? (AC)All the righteousness which he has done shall not be remembered; because of the unfaithfulness of which he is guilty and the sin which he has committed, because of them he shall die.

25 “Yet you say, (AD)‘The way of the Lord is not fair.’ Hear now, O house of Israel, is it not My way which is fair, and your ways which are not fair? 26 (AE)When a righteous man turns away from his righteousness, commits iniquity, and dies in it, it is because of the iniquity which he has done that he dies. 27 Again, (AF)when a wicked man turns away from the wickedness which he committed, and does what is lawful and right, he preserves himself alive. 28 Because he (AG)considers and turns away from all the transgressions which he committed, he shall surely live; he shall not die. 29 (AH)Yet the house of Israel says, ‘The way of the Lord is not fair.’ O house of Israel, is it not My ways which are fair, and your ways which are not fair?

30 (AI)“Therefore I will judge you, O house of Israel, every one according to his ways,” says the Lord God. (AJ)“Repent, and turn from all your transgressions, so that iniquity will not be your ruin. 31 (AK)Cast away from you all the transgressions which you have committed, and get yourselves a (AL)new heart and a new spirit. For why should you die, O house of Israel? 32 For (AM)I have no pleasure in the death of one who dies,” says the Lord God. “Therefore turn and (AN)live!”

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 18:6 At the mountain shrines
  2. Ezekiel 18:8 Lent money at interest
  3. Ezekiel 18:8 justice
  4. Ezekiel 18:11 At the mountain shrines
  5. Ezekiel 18:15 At the mountain shrines
  6. Ezekiel 18:17 So with MT, Tg., Vg.; LXX iniquity (cf. v. 8)

18 Yahweh’s word came to me again, saying, “What do you mean, that you use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying,

‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes,
    and the children’s teeth are set on edge’?

“As I live,” says the Lord Yahweh, “you shall not use this proverb any more in Israel. Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine. The soul who sins, he shall die.

“But if a man is just,
    and does that which is lawful and right,
and has not eaten on the mountains,
    hasn’t lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel,
hasn’t defiled his neighbor’s wife,
    hasn’t come near a woman in her impurity,
and has not wronged any,
    but has restored to the debtor his pledge,
has taken nothing by robbery,
    has given his bread to the hungry,
    and has covered the naked with a garment;
he who hasn’t lent to them with interest,
    hasn’t taken any increase from them,
who has withdrawn his hand from iniquity,
    has executed true justice between man and man,
has walked in my statutes,
    and has kept my ordinances,
    to deal truly;
he is just,
    he shall surely live,” says the Lord Yahweh.

10 “If he fathers a son who is a robber who sheds blood, and who does any one of these things, 11 or who does not do any of those things

but has eaten at the mountain shrines
    and defiled his neighbor’s wife,
12 has wronged the poor and needy,
    has taken by robbery,
has not restored the pledge,
    and has lifted up his eyes to the idols,
    has committed abomination,
13 has lent with interest,
    and has taken increase from the poor,

shall he then live? He shall not live. He has done all these abominations. He shall surely die. His blood will be on him.

14 “Now, behold, if he fathers a son who sees all his father’s sins which he has done, and fears, and doesn’t do likewise,

15 who hasn’t eaten on the mountains,
    hasn’t lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel,
    hasn’t defiled his neighbor’s wife,
16 hasn’t wronged any,
    hasn’t taken anything to pledge,
hasn’t taken by robbery,
    but has given his bread to the hungry,
    and has covered the naked with a garment;
17 who has withdrawn his hand from the poor,
    who hasn’t received interest or increase,
has executed my ordinances,
    has walked in my statutes;

he shall not die for the iniquity of his father. He shall surely live. 18 As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, robbed his brother, and did that which is not good among his people, behold, he will die in his iniquity.

19 “Yet you say, ‘Why doesn’t the son bear the iniquity of the father?’ When the son has done that which is lawful and right, and has kept all my statutes, and has done them, he will surely live. 20 The soul who sins, he shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son. The righteousness of the righteous shall be on him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be on him.

21 “But if the wicked turns from all his sins that he has committed, and keeps all my statutes, and does that which is lawful and right, he shall surely live. He shall not die. 22 None of his transgressions that he has committed will be remembered against him. In his righteousness that he has done, he shall live. 23 Have I any pleasure in the death of the wicked?” says the Lord Yahweh, “and not rather that he should return from his way, and live?

24 “But when the righteous turns away from his righteousness, and commits iniquity, and does according to all the abominations that the wicked man does, should he live? None of his righteous deeds that he has done will be remembered. In his trespass that he has trespassed, and in his sin that he has sinned, in them he shall die.

25 “Yet you say, ‘The way of the Lord is not equal.’ Hear now, house of Israel: Is my way not equal? Aren’t your ways unequal? 26 When the righteous man turns away from his righteousness, and commits iniquity, and dies in it, then he dies in his iniquity that he has done. 27 Again, when the wicked man turns away from his wickedness that he has committed, and does that which is lawful and right, he will save his soul alive. 28 Because he considers, and turns away from all his transgressions that he has committed, he shall surely live. He shall not die. 29 Yet the house of Israel says, ‘The way of the Lord is not fair.’ House of Israel, aren’t my ways fair? Aren’t your ways unfair?

30 “Therefore I will judge you, house of Israel, everyone according to his ways,” says the Lord Yahweh. “Return, and turn yourselves from all your transgressions, so iniquity will not be your ruin. 31 Cast away from you all your transgressions in which you have transgressed; and make yourself a new heart and a new spirit. For why will you die, house of Israel? 32 For I have no pleasure in the death of him who dies,” says the Lord Yahweh. “Therefore turn yourselves, and live!