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以二鹰二葡萄树为喻

17 耶和华的话临到我说: “人子啊,你要向以色列家出谜语,设比喻, 说:‘主耶和华如此说:有一大鹰,翅膀大,翎毛长,羽毛丰满,彩色俱备,来到黎巴嫩,将香柏树梢拧去, 就是折去香柏树尽尖的嫩枝,叼到贸易之地,放在买卖城中。 又将以色列地的枝子栽于肥田里,插在大水旁,如插柳树。 就渐渐生长,成为蔓延矮小的葡萄树,其枝转向那鹰,其根在鹰以下。于是成了葡萄树,生出枝子,发出小枝。

‘又有一大鹰,翅膀大,羽毛多。这葡萄树从栽种的畦中向这鹰弯过根来,发出枝子,好得它的浇灌。 这树栽于肥田多水的旁边,好生枝子,结果子,成为佳美的葡萄树。’ 你要说:‘主耶和华如此说:这葡萄树岂能发旺呢?鹰岂不拔出它的根来,芟除它的果子,使它枯干,使它发的嫩叶都枯干了吗?也不用大力和多民,就拔出它的根来。 10 葡萄树虽然栽种,岂能发旺呢?一经东风,岂不全然枯干吗?必在生长的畦中枯干了。’”

阐明喻义

11 耶和华的话临到我说: 12 “你对那悖逆之家说:‘你们不知道这些事是什么意思吗?’你要告诉他们说:‘巴比伦王曾到耶路撒冷,将其中的君王和首领带到巴比伦自己那里去。 13 以色列的宗室中取一人与他立约,使他发誓,并将国中有势力的人掳去, 14 使国低微不能自强,唯因守盟约得以存立。 15 他却背叛巴比伦王,打发使者往埃及去,要他们给他马匹和多民。他岂能亨通呢?行这样事的人岂能逃脱呢?他背约岂能逃脱呢? 16 他轻看向王所起的誓,背弃王与他所立的约,主耶和华说:我指着我的永生起誓,他定要死在立他做王巴比伦王的京都。 17 敌人筑垒造台,与他打仗的时候,为要剪除多人,法老虽领大军队和大群众,还是不能帮助他。 18 他轻看誓言,背弃盟约,已经投降却又做这一切的事,他必不能逃脱。 19 所以主耶和华如此说:我指着我的永生起誓:他既轻看指我所起的誓,背弃指我所立的约,我必要使这罪归在他头上。 20 我必将我的网撒在他身上,他必在我的网罗中缠住。我必带他到巴比伦,并要在那里因他干犯我的罪刑罚他。 21 他的一切军队,凡逃跑的都必倒在刀下,所剩下的也必分散四方[a],你们就知道说这话的是我耶和华。

以植香柏高枝为喻

22 ‘主耶和华如此说:我要将香柏树梢拧去栽上,就是从尽尖的嫩枝中折一嫩枝,栽于极高的山上。 23 以色列高处的山栽上,它就生枝子,结果子,成为佳美的香柏树,各类飞鸟都必宿在其下,就是宿在枝子的荫下。 24 田野的树木都必知道我耶和华使高树矮小,矮树高大,青树枯干,枯树发旺。我耶和华如此说,也如此行了。’”

犯罪者必死亡

18 耶和华的话又临到我说: “你们在以色列地怎么用这俗语说‘父亲吃了酸葡萄,儿子的牙酸倒了’呢? 主耶和华说:我指着我的永生起誓,你们在以色列中,必不再有用这俗语的因由。 看哪,世人都是属我的,为父的怎样属我,为子的也照样属我。犯罪的,他必死亡。

行义者得生存

“人若是公义,且行正直与合理的事, 未曾在山上吃过祭偶像之物,未曾仰望以色列家的偶像,未曾玷污邻舍的妻,未曾在妇人的经期内亲近她, 未曾亏负人,乃将欠债之人的当头还给他,未曾抢夺人的物件,却将食物给饥饿的人吃,将衣服给赤身的人穿, 未曾向借钱的弟兄取利,也未曾向借粮的弟兄多要,缩手不做罪孽,在两人之间按至理判断, 遵行我的律例,谨守我的典章,按诚实行事,这人是公义的,必定存活。这是主耶和华说的。

父义子恶唯罚其子

10 “他若生一个儿子,做强盗,是流人血的,不行以上所说之善,反行其中之恶,乃在山上吃过祭偶像之物,并玷污邻舍的妻, 12 亏负困苦和穷乏的人,抢夺人的物,未曾将当头还给人,仰望偶像,并行可憎的事, 13 向借钱的弟兄取利,向借粮的弟兄多要,这人岂能存活呢?他必不能存活。他行这一切可憎的事,必要死亡,他的罪[b]必归到他身上。

子善父恶唯罚其父

14 “他若生一个儿子,见父亲所犯的一切罪便惧怕[c],不照样去做, 15 未曾在山上吃过祭偶像之物,未曾仰望以色列家的偶像,未曾玷污邻舍的妻, 16 未曾亏负人,未曾取人的当头,未曾抢夺人的物件,却将食物给饥饿的人吃,将衣服给赤身的人穿, 17 缩手不害贫穷人,未曾向借钱的弟兄取利,也未曾向借粮的弟兄多要,他顺从我的典章,遵行我的律例,就不因父亲的罪孽死亡,定要存活。 18 至于他父亲,因为欺人太甚,抢夺弟兄,在本国的民中行不善,他必因自己的罪孽死亡。

19 “你们还说:‘儿子为何不担当父亲的罪孽呢?’儿子行正直与合理的事,谨守遵行我的一切律例,他必定存活。 20 唯有犯罪的,他必死亡。儿子必不担当父亲的罪孽,父亲也不担当儿子的罪孽。义人的善果必归自己,恶人的恶报也必归自己。

先恶后善主不念其旧恶

21 “恶人若回头离开所做的一切罪恶,谨守我一切的律例,行正直与合理的事,他必定存活,不致死亡。 22 他所犯的一切罪过都不被记念,因所行的义,他必存活。 23 主耶和华说:恶人死亡,岂是我喜悦的吗?不是喜悦他回头离开所行的道存活吗?

先善后恶主不念其前善

24 “义人若转离义行而做罪孽,照着恶人所行一切可憎的事而行,他岂能存活吗?他所行的一切义都不被记念,他必因所犯的罪、所行的恶死亡。

主道至公

25 “你们还说:‘主的道不公平!’以色列家啊,你们当听!我的道岂不公平吗?你们的道岂不是不公平吗? 26 义人若转离义行而做罪孽死亡,他是因所做的罪孽死亡。 27 再者,恶人若回头离开所行的恶,行正直与合理的事,他必将性命救活了。 28 因为他思量,回头离开所犯的一切罪过,必定存活,不致死亡。 29 以色列家还说:‘主的道不公平!’以色列家啊,我的道岂不公平吗?你们的道岂不是不公平吗?

劝以悔罪离恶

30 “所以主耶和华说:以色列家啊,我必按你们各人所行的审判你们。你们当回头离开所犯的一切罪过,这样,罪孽必不使你们败亡。 31 你们要将所犯的一切罪过尽行抛弃,自做一个新心和新灵。以色列家啊,你们何必死亡呢? 32 主耶和华说:我不喜悦那死人之死,所以你们当回头而存活。”

Footnotes

  1. 以西结书 17:21 “方”原文作“风”。
  2. 以西结书 18:13 “罪”原文作“血”。
  3. 以西结书 18:14 有古卷作:思量。

鹰和葡萄树的比喻

17 耶和华对我说: “人子啊,你要向以色列人出谜语,讲比喻, 告诉他们,主耶和华说,‘有一只大鹰翅膀宽大,羽毛丰满,色彩缤纷。这只鹰飞到黎巴嫩的香柏树上,折去树梢, 叼到一个商贾云集的城市,栽在那里。 它又把以色列的树苗像柳树一样栽在水源丰沛的沃土里。 树苗很快发了芽,成了向四面蔓延的矮小葡萄树,根深叶茂,枝子向着鹰伸展开去。

“‘又有一只大鹰飞来,翅膀宽大,羽毛丰满。这葡萄树把根和枝子转向这只鹰,渴望得到它的浇灌。 但这树已栽在水源丰沛的沃土里,可以长得枝繁叶茂,成为结实累累的好葡萄树。’

“你要告诉他们,主耶和华这样说,‘这树能长得枝繁叶茂吗?难道那鹰不把它连根拔起,摘掉它的果子,使树和嫩叶全部枯萎吗?不必费多大力气,也不需要多少人就可以把它连根拔起。 10 这树虽然被栽种了,又岂能长得茂盛呢?东风一吹,它岂不完全枯萎在园圃中了吗?’”

11 耶和华对我说: 12 “你要对这些悖逆的人说,‘你们不明白这比喻的意思吗?’要告诉他们,巴比伦王攻取了耶路撒冷,把其中的君王和大臣掳到巴比伦, 13 并从犹大王室中选出一人与他立约,要他效忠。巴比伦王掳去犹大国的重臣, 14 使犹大国臣服于他,无法图强,只能遵守盟约,以求生存。 15 后来,犹大王背叛了巴比伦王,派使者到埃及请求支援军队马匹。他能成功吗?他这样做怎能逃脱惩罚呢?他这样背约怎能逃脱惩罚呢?

16 “我凭我的永恒起誓,巴比伦王立他做王,他却弃约背誓,他必死在巴比伦。 17 敌人筑起围攻的土垒和高台大肆杀戮的时候,法老虽然兵强马壮,人多势众,仍无法帮他抗敌。 18 他起誓降服,却弃约背誓,所以绝不能逃避后果。 19 因此,主耶和华说,‘我凭我的永恒起誓,他既藐视与我所立的誓言,背弃与我所定的约,我必惩罚他。 20 我要撒开网罗抓住他,把他带到巴比伦,审判他对我不忠的罪。 21 他所有的精兵都要丧身刀下,余下的也要四散逃窜。这样,你们就知道这是我耶和华说的。

22 “主耶和华说,‘我要从高大的香柏树梢折下一根嫩枝,种植在以色列巍峨的高山上。 23 它会生枝结果,成为一棵美丽的香柏树,各类飞鸟都要栖息在它的树枝上。 24 田野所有的树都会知道我耶和华使高树倒下、矮树长高、青树枯萎、枯树发荣。我耶和华言出必行。’”

犯罪者必灭亡

18 耶和华对我说: “你们以色列人为什么说‘父亲吃了酸葡萄,儿子的牙酸倒了’这句俗语呢? 主耶和华说,我凭我的永恒起誓,你们在以色列必不再用这句话。 因为所有的生命都属于我,父和子都属于我。谁犯罪,谁死亡。

“倘若有义人秉公行义, 不在山上的庙宇里吃祭物,不拜以色列的偶像,不玷污别人的妻子,不亲近经期中的妇女; 不欺压人,反而退还债户的抵押品;不抢夺财物,反而给饥饿的人食物吃,给赤身露体的人衣服穿; 不放债取利,不犯罪作恶,反而公平待人, 遵守我的律例,顺从我的典章——这样的义人必能活着。这是主耶和华说的。

10 “倘若这人生了一个不肖子,凶残暴戾,杀人抢劫,无恶不作, 11 常在庙宇吃祭偶像之物,玷污别人的妻子, 12 欺压贫穷困苦的人,抢夺财物,扣留债户的抵押品,祭拜偶像,犯罪作恶, 13 放债取利,这样的人还能活着吗?他必不能活。他作恶多端,必自取灭亡,抵偿自己的血债。

14 “倘若这不肖子有一个好儿子,他看见父亲的所作所为,不愿步父亲的后尘。 15 他不肯在山上吃祭偶像之物,不拜以色列人的偶像,不玷污别人的妻子, 16 不欺压他人,不扣留抵押品,不抢夺财物,反而给饥饿的人食物吃,给赤身露体的人衣服穿, 17 不压榨贫穷的人,不放债取利,反而遵守我的典章,顺从我的律例,这人必不因父亲的罪恶而死亡,他必活着。 18 他父亲因肆意欺诈,掠夺同胞,多行不义,必自招灭亡。

19 “你们会问,‘儿子为什么不用承担父亲的罪恶呢?’这是因为儿子秉公行义,谨遵我的律例,所以他必活着。 20 谁犯罪,谁死亡,儿子不用承担父亲的罪恶,父亲也不用承担儿子的罪恶。义人必有善报,恶人必有恶报。

21 “恶人若肯痛改前非,遵守我的律例,秉公行义,就必活着,不致死亡。 22 我必不追究他以前所犯的一切罪行,他必因行事正直而活着。 23 主耶和华说,我难道喜欢恶人死亡吗?我岂不是更愿他们痛改前非并活着吗? 24 义人若弃善行恶,与恶人同流合污,这人岂能活着?他从前的义行不会被记念,他必因自己的背信和罪恶而灭亡。

25 “你们说,主这样做不公平。以色列人啊,你们听着,是我的做法不公平呢?还是你们的做法不公平呢? 26 倘若义人离义行恶,他必因犯罪而死。 27 倘若恶人离恶行义,他必救回自己的性命。 28 因为他醒悟过来,痛改前非,必能活着,不致死亡。 29 以色列人却说,‘主这样做不公平!’以色列人啊,是我的做法不公平呢?还是你们的做法不公平呢?

30 “所以主耶和华说,‘以色列人啊,我必按你们各人的行为审判你们。你们要悔改,痛改前非,使你们不致死在罪恶中。 31 你们要离弃从前所有的罪恶,洗心革面。以色列人啊!你们何必走向灭亡呢?’ 32 主耶和华说,‘我断不喜欢任何人死亡,你们要悔改,以便存活。’”

17 And the word of the Lord came unto me, saying,

Son of man, put forth a riddle, and speak a parable unto the house of Israel;

And say, Thus saith the Lord God; A great eagle with great wings, longwinged, full of feathers, which had divers colours, came unto Lebanon, and took the highest branch of the cedar:

He cropped off the top of his young twigs, and carried it into a land of traffick; he set it in a city of merchants.

He took also of the seed of the land, and planted it in a fruitful field; he placed it by great waters, and set it as a willow tree.

And it grew, and became a spreading vine of low stature, whose branches turned toward him, and the roots thereof were under him: so it became a vine, and brought forth branches, and shot forth sprigs.

There was also another great eagle with great wings and many feathers: and, behold, this vine did bend her roots toward him, and shot forth her branches toward him, that he might water it by the furrows of her plantation.

It was planted in a good soil by great waters, that it might bring forth branches, and that it might bear fruit, that it might be a goodly vine.

Say thou, Thus saith the Lord God; Shall it prosper? shall he not pull up the roots thereof, and cut off the fruit thereof, that it wither? it shall wither in all the leaves of her spring, even without great power or many people to pluck it up by the roots thereof.

10 Yea, behold, being planted, shall it prosper? shall it not utterly wither, when the east wind toucheth it? it shall wither in the furrows where it grew.

11 Moreover the word of the Lord came unto me, saying,

12 Say now to the rebellious house, Know ye not what these things mean? tell them, Behold, the king of Babylon is come to Jerusalem, and hath taken the king thereof, and the princes thereof, and led them with him to Babylon;

13 And hath taken of the king's seed, and made a covenant with him, and hath taken an oath of him: he hath also taken the mighty of the land:

14 That the kingdom might be base, that it might not lift itself up, but that by keeping of his covenant it might stand.

15 But he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into Egypt, that they might give him horses and much people. Shall he prosper? shall he escape that doeth such things? or shall he break the covenant, and be delivered?

16 As I live, saith the Lord God, surely in the place where the king dwelleth that made him king, whose oath he despised, and whose covenant he brake, even with him in the midst of Babylon he shall die.

17 Neither shall Pharaoh with his mighty army and great company make for him in the war, by casting up mounts, and building forts, to cut off many persons:

18 Seeing he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, when, lo, he had given his hand, and hath done all these things, he shall not escape.

19 Therefore thus saith the Lord God; As I live, surely mine oath that he hath despised, and my covenant that he hath broken, even it will I recompense upon his own head.

20 And I will spread my net upon him, and he shall be taken in my snare, and I will bring him to Babylon, and will plead with him there for his trespass that he hath trespassed against me.

21 And all his fugitives with all his bands shall fall by the sword, and they that remain shall be scattered toward all winds: and ye shall know that I the Lord have spoken it.

22 Thus saith the Lord God; I will also take of the highest branch of the high cedar, and will set it; I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one, and will plant it upon an high mountain and eminent:

23 In the mountain of the height of Israel will I plant it: and it shall bring forth boughs, and bear fruit, and be a goodly cedar: and under it shall dwell all fowl of every wing; in the shadow of the branches thereof shall they dwell.

24 And all the trees of the field shall know that I the Lord have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up the green tree, and have made the dry tree to flourish: I the Lord have spoken and have done it.

18 The word of the Lord came unto me again, saying,

What mean ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge?

As I live, saith the Lord God, ye shall not have occasion any more to use this proverb in Israel.

Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall die.

But if a man be just, and do that which is lawful and right,

And hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, neither hath defiled his neighbour's wife, neither hath come near to a menstruous woman,

And hath not oppressed any, but hath restored to the debtor his pledge, hath spoiled none by violence, hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment;

He that hath not given forth upon usury, neither hath taken any increase, that hath withdrawn his hand from iniquity, hath executed true judgment between man and man,

Hath walked in my statutes, and hath kept my judgments, to deal truly; he is just, he shall surely live, saith the Lord God.

10 If he beget a son that is a robber, a shedder of blood, and that doeth the like to any one of these things,

11 And that doeth not any of those duties, but even hath eaten upon the mountains, and defiled his neighbour's wife,

12 Hath oppressed the poor and needy, hath spoiled by violence, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination,

13 Hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase: shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.

14 Now, lo, if he beget a son, that seeth all his father's sins which he hath done, and considereth, and doeth not such like,

15 That hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, hath not defiled his neighbour's wife,

16 Neither hath oppressed any, hath not withholden the pledge, neither hath spoiled by violence, but hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment,

17 That hath taken off his hand from the poor, that hath not received usury nor increase, hath executed my judgments, hath walked in my statutes; he shall not die for the iniquity of his father, he shall surely live.

18 As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, spoiled his brother by violence, and did that which is not good among his people, lo, even he shall die in his iniquity.

19 Yet say ye, Why? doth not the son bear the iniquity of the father? When the son hath done that which is lawful and right, and hath kept all my statutes, and hath done them, he shall surely live.

20 The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son: the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon him.

21 But if the wicked will turn from all his sins that he hath committed, and keep all my statutes, and do that which is lawful and right, he shall surely live, he shall not die.

22 All his transgressions that he hath committed, they shall not be mentioned unto him: in his righteousness that he hath done he shall live.

23 Have I any pleasure at all that the wicked should die? saith the Lord God: and not that he should return from his ways, and live?

24 But when the righteous turneth away from his righteousness, and committeth iniquity, and doeth according to all the abominations that the wicked man doeth, shall he live? All his righteousness that he hath done shall not be mentioned: in his trespass that he hath trespassed, and in his sin that he hath sinned, in them shall he die.

25 Yet ye say, The way of the Lord is not equal. Hear now, O house of Israel; Is not my way equal? are not your ways unequal?

26 When a righteous man turneth away from his righteousness, and committeth iniquity, and dieth in them; for his iniquity that he hath done shall he die.

27 Again, when the wicked man turneth away from his wickedness that he hath committed, and doeth that which is lawful and right, he shall save his soul alive.

28 Because he considereth, and turneth away from all his transgressions that he hath committed, he shall surely live, he shall not die.

29 Yet saith the house of Israel, The way of the Lord is not equal. O house of Israel, are not my ways equal? are not your ways unequal?

30 Therefore I will judge you, O house of Israel, every one according to his ways, saith the Lord God. Repent, and turn yourselves from all your transgressions; so iniquity shall not be your ruin.

31 Cast away from you all your transgressions, whereby ye have transgressed; and make you a new heart and a new spirit: for why will ye die, O house of Israel?

32 For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth, saith the Lord God: wherefore turn yourselves, and live ye.