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Законы о чистоте лагеря

Вечный сказал Мусе:

– Вели исраильтянам выслать из лагеря любого, кто болен заразной кожной болезнью[a], у кого выделения или кто осквернился, прикоснувшись к покойнику. Вышлите и мужчин, и женщин; вышлите их за пределы лагеря, чтобы они не оскверняли лагерь, где Я обитаю среди вас.

Исраильтяне сделали это. Они выслали их за пределы лагеря. Они сделали в точности так, как сказал Мусе Вечный.

Возмещение за зло

Вечный сказал Мусе:

– Скажи исраильтянам: «Если мужчина или женщина причинят зло другому человеку, нарушив этим верность Вечному, то они виновны и должны открыто признать грех, который они совершили. Пусть они возместят за причинённое зло сполна, добавят к этому пятую часть и отдадут тому, кому они причинили зло. Но если пострадавший умрёт и у него нет близкого родственника, которому можно возместить за зло, то возмещение принадлежит Вечному и должно быть отдано священнослужителю вместе с жертвенным бараном, которым совершается очищение виновного. Все священные дары, которые исраильтяне приносят священнослужителю, принадлежат ему. 10 Священные дары каждого человека – собственность священнослужителя; то, что отдано священнослужителю, принадлежит ему».

Испытание для неверной жены

11 Вечный сказал Мусе:

12 – Говори с исраильтянами и скажи им: «Если кому-то изменит жена и будет ему неверна, 13 и если кто-то другой переспит с ней, а муж не будет об этом знать; если она осквернится тайно, и нет свидетеля, и её не уличили, 14 а муж станет ревновать и подозревать жену, которая осквернилась, – или же в ревности заподозрит её, а она не осквернялась, – 15 то пусть он приведёт жену к священнослужителю. Пусть он принесёт за неё приношение из полутора килограммов[b] ячменной муки, но пусть не возливает на муку масло и не кладёт на неё благовоний, потому что это хлебное приношение ревности, приношение напоминания, заставляющее вспомнить о беззаконии.

16 Пусть священнослужитель приведёт её и поставит перед Вечным. 17 Пусть он нальёт в глиняный сосуд священной воды и положит в воду землю с пола священного шатра. 18 Поставив женщину перед Вечным, пусть священнослужитель распустит ей волосы[c] и вложит ей в руки приношение напоминания, хлебное приношение ревности, а сам будет держать горькую воду, которая наводит проклятие. 19 Пусть священнослужитель скажет женщине: „Если другой мужчина не спал с тобой, если, будучи замужем, ты не изменила и не осквернилась, то пусть эта горькая вода, наводящая проклятие, тебе не повредит. 20 Но если, будучи замужем, ты изменила и осквернилась, ложась с другим мужчиной, кроме мужа, – 21 тогда пусть священнослужитель произнесёт проклятие: – то пусть предаст тебя Вечный на проклятия и брань в твоём народе, сделав твоё лоно опавшим, а живот вздутым[d]. 22 Пусть эта вода, наводящая проклятие, войдёт в тебя, чтобы твой живот вздулся, а лоно опало[e]“.

И пусть женщина скажет: „Аминь, аминь[f]“.

23 Священнослужитель запишет эти проклятия в свиток и смоет в горькую воду. 24 Пусть он напоит женщину горькой водой, которая наводит проклятие; эта вода войдёт в неё и заставит её жестоко страдать. 25 Пусть священнослужитель возьмёт у неё из рук хлебное приношение ревности, потрясёт перед Вечным и принесёт к жертвеннику. 26 Он возьмёт пригоршню хлебного приношения как памятную часть[g] и сожжёт на жертвеннике. Потом он напоит женщину водой. 27 Если она осквернилась, если была неверна мужу, то когда он напоит её водой, которая наводит проклятие, вода войдёт в неё и заставит жестоко страдать; живот у неё вздуется, а лоно опадёт[h], и её проклянёт весь народ. 28 Но если женщина не осквернилась и чиста, она останется невредимой и сможет иметь детей.

29 Таков закон о ревности: если замужняя женщина нарушит верность и осквернится, 30 или если мужа, который подозревает жену, охватит ревность. Пусть священнослужитель поставит её перед Вечным и во всём поступит с ней по этому закону. 31 Муж будет чист от греха, а жена понесёт последствия греха».

Footnotes

  1. 5:2 Традиционный перевод: «проказа». В оригинале стоит слово, которое обозначает несколько разных кожных болезней, включая и проказу.
  2. 5:15 Букв.: «одной десятой ефы».
  3. 5:18 Или: «обнажит ей голову».
  4. 5:21 Или: «даст тебе выкидывающее чрево и бесплодие».
  5. 5:22 Или: «в тебя и сделает тебя бесплодной, а чрево твоё – выкидывающим».
  6. 5:22 Аминь   – еврейское слово, которое переводится как «да, верно, воистину так» или «да будет так».
  7. 5:26 Памятная часть – имея право на всю жертву, Всевышний, по Своей милости, согласился на то, чтобы сжигалась лишь символическая часть жертвы. Тем не менее, эта часть была напоминанием того, что всё приношение принадлежит Всевышнему.
  8. 5:27 Или: «у неё будет бесплодие и выкидывающее чрево».

Ceremonially Unclean Persons Isolated(A)

And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: “Command the children of Israel that they put out of the camp every (B)leper, everyone who has a (C)discharge, and whoever becomes (D)defiled [a]by a corpse. You shall put out both male and female; you shall put them outside the camp, that they may not defile their camps (E)in the midst of which I dwell.” And the children of Israel did so, and put them outside the camp; as the Lord spoke to Moses, so the children of Israel did.

Confession and Restitution(F)

Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “Speak to the children of Israel: (G)‘When a man or woman commits any sin that men commit in unfaithfulness against the Lord, and that person is guilty, (H)then he shall confess the sin which he has committed. He shall make restitution for his trespass (I)in full, plus one-fifth of it, and give it to the one he has wronged. But if the man has no [b]relative to whom restitution may be made for the wrong, the restitution for the wrong must go to the Lord for the priest, in addition to (J)the ram of the atonement with which atonement is made for him. Every (K)offering[c] of all the holy things of the children of Israel, which they bring to the priest, shall be (L)his. 10 And every man’s [d]holy things shall be his; whatever any man gives the priest shall be (M)his.’ ”

Concerning Unfaithful Wives

11 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 12 “Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: ‘If any man’s wife goes astray and behaves unfaithfully toward him, 13 and a man (N)lies with her carnally, and it is hidden from the eyes of her husband, and it is concealed that she has defiled herself, and there was no witness against her, nor was she (O)caught— 14 if the spirit of jealousy comes upon him and he becomes (P)jealous of his wife, who has defiled herself; or if the spirit of jealousy comes upon him and he becomes jealous of his wife, although she has not defiled herself— 15 then the man shall bring his wife to the priest. He shall (Q)bring the offering required for her, one-tenth of an ephah of barley meal; he shall pour no oil on it and put no frankincense on it, because it is a grain offering of jealousy, an offering for remembering, for (R)bringing iniquity to remembrance.

16 ‘And the priest shall bring her near, and set her before the Lord. 17 The priest shall take holy water in an earthen vessel, and take some of the dust that is on the floor of the tabernacle and put it into the water. 18 Then the priest shall stand the woman before the (S)Lord, uncover the woman’s head, and put the offering for remembering in her hands, which is the grain offering of jealousy. And the priest shall have in his hand the bitter water that brings a curse. 19 And the priest shall put her under oath, and say to the woman, “If no man has lain with you, and if you have not gone astray to uncleanness while under your husband’s authority, be free from this bitter water that brings a curse. 20 But if you have gone astray while under your husband’s authority, and if you have defiled yourself and some man other than your husband has lain with you”— 21 then the priest shall (T)put the woman under the oath of the curse, and he shall say to the woman—(U)“the Lord make you a curse and an oath among your people, when the Lord makes your thigh [e]rot and your belly swell; 22 and may this water that causes the curse (V)go into your stomach, and make your belly swell and your thigh rot.”

(W)Then the woman shall say, “Amen, so be it.”

23 ‘Then the priest shall write these curses in a book, and he shall scrape them off into the bitter water. 24 And he shall make the woman drink the bitter water that brings a curse, and the water that brings the curse shall enter her to become bitter. 25 (X)Then the priest shall take the grain offering of jealousy from the woman’s hand, shall (Y)wave the offering before the Lord, and bring it to the altar; 26 and the priest shall take a handful of the offering, (Z)as its memorial portion, burn it on the altar, and afterward make the woman drink the water. 27 When he has made her drink the water, then it shall be, if she has defiled herself and behaved unfaithfully toward her husband, that the water that brings a (AA)curse will enter her and become bitter, and her belly will swell, her thigh will rot, and the woman (AB)will become a curse among her people. 28 But if the woman has not defiled herself, and is clean, then she shall be free and may conceive children.

29 ‘This is the law of jealousy, when a wife, while under her husband’s authority, (AC)goes astray and defiles herself, 30 or when the spirit of jealousy comes upon a man, and he becomes jealous of his wife; then he shall stand the woman before the Lord, and the priest shall execute all this law upon her. 31 Then the man shall be free from [f]iniquity, but that woman (AD)shall bear her [g]guilt.’ ”

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 5:2 by contact with
  2. Numbers 5:8 redeemer, Heb. goel
  3. Numbers 5:9 heave offering
  4. Numbers 5:10 consecrated
  5. Numbers 5:21 Lit. fall away
  6. Numbers 5:31 guilt
  7. Numbers 5:31 iniquity

Unclean People

The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “Command the people of Israel that they (A)put out of the camp everyone who is leprous[a] or has (B)a discharge and everyone who is (C)unclean through contact with the dead. You shall put out both male and female, putting them outside the camp, that they may not defile their camp, (D)in the midst of which I dwell.” And the people of Israel did so, and put them outside the camp; as the Lord said to Moses, so the people of Israel did.

Confession and Restitution

And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “Speak to the people of Israel, (E)When a man or woman commits any of the sins that people commit by breaking faith with the Lord, and that person realizes his guilt, (F)he shall confess his sin that he has committed.[b] (G)And he shall make full restitution for his wrong, adding a fifth to it and giving it to him to whom he did the wrong. But if the man has no next of kin to whom restitution may be made for the wrong, the restitution for wrong shall go to the Lord for the priest, in addition to (H)the ram of atonement with which atonement is made for him. And (I)every contribution, all the holy donations of the people of Israel, which they bring to the priest, shall be his. 10 Each one shall keep his holy donations: whatever anyone gives to the priest shall be his.”

A Test for Adultery

11 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 12 “Speak to the people of Israel, If any man's wife goes astray and breaks faith with him, 13 if a man (J)lies with her sexually, and it is hidden from the eyes of her husband, and she is undetected though she has defiled herself, and there is no witness against her, (K)since she was not taken in the act, 14 and if the spirit of jealousy comes over him and he is jealous of his wife who has defiled herself, or if the spirit of jealousy comes over him and he is jealous of his wife, though she has not defiled herself, 15 then the man shall bring his wife to the priest and bring the offering required of her, a tenth of an ephah[c] of barley flour. (L)He shall pour no oil on it and put no frankincense on it, for it is a grain offering of jealousy, a grain offering of remembrance, (M)bringing iniquity to remembrance.

16 “And the priest shall bring her near and set her before the Lord. 17 And the priest shall take holy water in an earthenware vessel and take some of the dust that is on the floor of the tabernacle and put it into the water. 18 And the priest shall set the woman before the Lord and (N)unbind the hair of the woman's head and place in her hands the grain offering of remembrance, which is the grain offering of jealousy. And in his hand the priest shall have the water of bitterness that brings the curse. 19 Then the priest shall make her take an oath, saying, ‘If no man has lain with you, and if you have not turned aside to uncleanness while you were under your husband's authority, be free from this water of bitterness that brings the curse. 20 But if you have gone astray, though you are under your husband's authority, and if you have defiled yourself, and some man other than your husband has lain with you, 21 then’ (let the priest make the woman take the oath of the curse, and say to the woman) (O)‘the Lord make you a curse and an oath among your people, when the Lord makes your thigh fall away and your body swell. 22 May this water that brings the curse (P)pass into your bowels and make your womb swell and your thigh fall away.’ And the woman shall say, (Q)‘Amen, Amen.’

23 “Then the priest shall write these curses in a book and wash them off into the water of bitterness. 24 And he shall make the woman drink the water of bitterness that brings the curse, and the water that brings the curse shall enter into her and cause bitter pain. 25 And the priest shall take the grain offering of jealousy out of the woman's hand (R)and shall wave the grain offering before the Lord and bring it to the altar. 26 And the priest (S)shall take a handful of the grain offering, as its memorial portion, and burn it on the altar, and afterward shall make the woman drink the water. 27 And when he has made her drink the water, then, if she has defiled herself and has broken faith with her husband, the water that brings the curse shall enter into her and cause bitter pain, and her womb shall swell, and her thigh shall fall away, and the woman (T)shall become a curse among her people. 28 But if the woman has not defiled herself and is clean, then she shall be free and shall conceive children.

29 “This is the law in cases of jealousy, when a wife, (U)though under her husband's authority, goes astray and defiles herself, 30 or when the spirit of jealousy comes over a man and he is jealous of his wife. Then he shall set the woman before the Lord, and the priest shall carry out for her all this law. 31 The man shall be free from iniquity, but the woman (V)shall bear her iniquity.”

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 5:2 Leprosy was a term for several skin diseases; see Leviticus 13
  2. Numbers 5:7 Hebrew they shall confess their sin that they have committed
  3. Numbers 5:15 An ephah was about 3/5 bushel or 22 liters