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Gesù racconta

12 Ecco alcune parabole che Gesù raccontò alla gente in quel periodo:

«Un uomo piantò una vigna, la circondò con una siepe, scavò una buca per pigiarci lʼuva e costruì una torretta per il guardiano. Poi affittò la vigna a dei contadini e partì per un paese lontano. Al tempo della vendemmia, mandò uno dei suoi servi a ritirare la sua parte del raccolto. Ma i contadini presero lʼuomo, lo picchiarono, poi lo rimandarono indietro a mani vuote.

Il padrone allora mandò un altro dei suoi servi, che subì lo stesso trattamento, anzi peggiore, perché fu gravemente ferito alla testa. Il padrone ne mandò ancora un altro e i contadini lo uccisero. Più tardi, altri ancora furono picchiati e uccisi, finché a quellʼuomo non rimase che un superstite, il suo unico figlio, che amava tanto. Per ultimo mandò lui, pensando che almeno di lui avrebbero avuto rispetto.

Ma quando i contadini lo videro arrivare, dissero: “Costui diventerà il padrone della vigna, quando morirà suo padre. Avanti, uccidiamolo, così la proprietà sarà nostra!”

Allora lo presero e lʼuccisero, poi gettarono il suo corpo fuori dalla vigna.

Che cosa pensate farà il padrone della vigna, quando saprà dellʼaccaduto? Certamente verrà ad ucciderli tutti, e darà la vigna ad altri. 10 Non ricordate questo verso delle Scritture? “La pietra che i costruttori hanno scartato è diventata la pietra angolare, la pietra più importante dellʼedificio! 11 Questa è lʼopera del Signore, una meraviglia per i nostri occhi!”».

Cercano di prenderlo in trappola!

12 I capi giudei volevano arrestarlo subito, perché avevano capito benissimo che questa parabola si riferiva a loro: erano loro i malvagi contadini di quella storia! Ma non osavano toccarlo per paura della folla. Perciò lo lasciarono e se ne andarono via. 13 Ma mandarono altri capi religiosi e politici a parlare con Gesù con lʼintento di fargli dire qualcosa di compromettente.

14 «Maestro», dissero queste spie, «sappiamo che tu dici la verità a qualsiasi costo, perché non ti lasci influenzare dalle opinioni della gente, né badi alle apparenze, ma insegni sinceramente le vie di Dio. Ora dicci, è giusto pagare le tasse allʼimperatore romano, o no?»

15 Gesù sʼaccorse del tranello e disse: «Perché volete imbrogliarmi? Mostratemi una moneta e vi risponderò».

16 Quando glielʼebbero data, Gesù domandò: «Di chi è questa faccia e di chi è questo nome?» «Di Cesare, lʼImperatore», risposero. Allora Gesù replicò: 17 «Molto bene. Allora date a Cesare ciò che è di Cesare. Ma date a Dio tutto ciò che è di Dio!» A questa risposta gli altri rimasero perplessi a grattarsi la testa.

18 Poi si presentarono a Gesù dei Sadducei, quelli che dicono che non cʼè resurrezione dopo la morte. Anchʼessi posero la loro domanda:

19 «Signore, Mosè ci diede una legge per cui quando un uomo muore senza figli, il fratello del morto deve sposarne la vedova per avere un figlio in nome del defunto. 20-22 Ebbene, cʼerano sette fratelli. Il maggiore si sposò, poi morì senza avere figli. Così il secondo fratello sposò la vedova, ma presto anche egli morì, sempre senza figli. Poi il fratello successivo la sposò, e anchʼegli morì senza lasciare figli, e così via: tutti i fratelli sposarono quella donna e morirono, senza aver avuto figli. Infine, ultima fra tutti, morì anche la donna.

23 Ciò che vogliamo sapere è questo: nel giorno della risurrezione, di chi sarà moglie quella donna, dato che è stata moglie di ognuno di loro?»

24 Gesù rispose: «Il guaio vostro è che non conoscete le Scritture, e neppure la potenza di Dio. 25 Perché quando i morti risorgeranno, non si sposeranno più, ma saranno come gli angeli.

26 Ma per quanto riguarda la realtà della resurrezione, avete mai letto nel libro dellʼEsodo la storia di Mosè e del cespuglio ardente? Quella volta Dio disse a Mosè: “Io sono il Dio di Abramo, Io sono il Dio dʼIsacco, Io sono il Dio di Giacobbe”.

27 Dio stava dicendo a Mosè che questi uomini, benché morti da centinaia dʼanni, erano ancora vivi e vegeti, altrimenti non avrebbe detto “Io sono il Dio” di gente che non esisteva. Voi siete caduti in un grave errore!»

28 Uno dei teologi lì presente, che seguiva la discussione, si rese conto che Gesù aveva risposto bene ai Sadducei, perciò gli chiese: «Di tutti i comandamenti, qual è il più importante?»

29 Gesù rispose: «Quello che dice: “Ascolta, Israele! Il Signore nostro Dio è lʼunico e solo Dio. 30 E tu devi amarlo con tutto il tuo cuore, la tua anima, la tua mente e le tue forze!”

31 Il secondo è: “Devi amare gli altri quanto te stesso”. Non ci sono comandamenti più importanti di questi due».

32 Il teologo rispose: «Maestro, hai detto proprio il vero: cʼè soltanto un Dio e nessun altro! 33 E io so che è di gran lunga più importante amarlo con tutto il mio cuore, con tutta la mia mente e con tutta la mia forza, ed amare gli altri come me stesso, piuttosto che offrire ogni sorta di sacrifici sullʼaltare del tempio!»

34 Constatando quanto avesse capito quellʼuomo, Gesù gli disse: «Tu non sei lontano dal Regno di Dio». E dopo ciò, nessuno ebbe più il coraggio di fargli altre domande.

35 Più tardi, mentre stava insegnando nel tempio, Gesù fece questa domanda:

«I vostri maestri di religione dicono che il Messia sarà un discendente del re Davide. Come può essere? 36 Davide stesso guidato dallo Spirito Santo ha detto: “Dio disse al mio Signore: ‘Siedi alla mia destra, finché non abbia fatto dei tuoi nemici lo sgabello per i tuoi piedi’ ”. 37 Se Davide lo chiamava Signore, come può essere anche suo discendente?»

Questo modo di ragionare piaceva molto alla folla che lo ascoltava con grande interesse.

38 Ecco altri insegnamenti di Gesù: «Diffidate dei maestri di religione! Perché amano indossare tuniche da persone ricche e istruite, e si compiacciono che tutti sʼinchinino davanti a loro, quando passeggiano per i mercati.

39 Amano sedersi nei posti migliori delle sinagoghe, e al posto dʼonore nei banchetti; 40 ma non si vergognano di cacciare le vedove dalle loro case, e poi, per nascondere di che pasta in realtà sono fatti, fingono di essere pii, recitando lunghe preghiere in pubblico! Ma per quello che fanno riceveranno un castigo tremendo!»

41 Poi Gesù si mise a sedere vicino alle cassette delle offerte nel tempio e guardava la gente che vi lasciava cadere il denaro. Alcuni ricchi offrivano grosse somme. 42 Venne anche una povera vedova che lasciò cadere nella cassetta soltanto due soldini.

43-44 Allora Gesù chiamò i discepoli e osservò: «Quella povera vedova ha dato di più di tutti quei ricchi messi insieme! Perché essi hanno dato una parte del loro superfluo, mentre lei ha offerto fino allʼultimo soldo che le serviva per vivere».

12 And he began to speak unto them by parables. A certain man planted a vineyard, and set an hedge about it, and digged a place for the winefat, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country.

And at the season he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he might receive from the husbandmen of the fruit of the vineyard.

And they caught him, and beat him, and sent him away empty.

And again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully handled.

And again he sent another; and him they killed, and many others; beating some, and killing some.

Having yet therefore one son, his wellbeloved, he sent him also last unto them, saying, They will reverence my son.

But those husbandmen said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance shall be ours.'

And they took him, and killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.

What shall therefore the lord of the vineyard do? he will come and destroy the husbandmen, and will give the vineyard unto others.

10 And have ye not read this scripture; The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner:

11 This was the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?

12 And they sought to lay hold on him, but feared the people: for they knew that he had spoken the parable against them: and they left him, and went their way.

13 And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words.

14 And when they were come, they say unto him, Master, we know that thou art true, and carest for no man: for thou regardest not the person of men, but teachest the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?

15 Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a penny, that I may see it.

16 And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Caesar's.

17 And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's. And they marvelled at him.

18 Then come unto him the Sadducees, which say there is no resurrection; and they asked him, saying,

19 Master, Moses wrote unto us, If a man's brother die, and leave his wife behind him, and leave no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.

20 Now there were seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and dying left no seed.

21 And the second took her, and died, neither left he any seed: and the third likewise.

22 And the seven had her, and left no seed: last of all the woman died also.

23 In the resurrection therefore, when they shall rise, whose wife shall she be of them? for the seven had her to wife.

24 And Jesus answering said unto them, Do ye not therefore err, because ye know not the scriptures, neither the power of God?

25 For when they shall rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage; but are as the angels which are in heaven.

26 And as touching the dead, that they rise: have ye not read in the book of Moses, how in the bush God spake unto him, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?

27 He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living: ye therefore do greatly err.

28 And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first commandment of all?

29 And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:

30 And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment.

31 And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.

32 And the scribe said unto him, Well, Master, thou hast said the truth: for there is one God; and there is none other but he:

33 And to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbour as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.

34 And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that durst ask him any question.

35 And Jesus answered and said, while he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that Christ is the son of David?

36 For David himself said by the Holy Ghost, The Lord said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool.

37 David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then his son? And the common people heard him gladly.

38 And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces,

39 And the chief seats in the synagogues, and the uppermost rooms at feasts:

40 Which devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayers: these shall receive greater damnation.

41 And Jesus sat over against the treasury, and beheld how the people cast money into the treasury: and many that were rich cast in much.

42 And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, which make a farthing.

43 And he called unto him his disciples, and saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That this poor widow hath cast more in, than all they which have cast into the treasury:

44 For all they did cast in of their abundance; but she of her want did cast in all that she had, even all her living.

The Parable of the Tenants(A)

12 Jesus then began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard.(B) He put a wall around it, dug a pit for the winepress and built a watchtower. Then he rented the vineyard to some farmers and moved to another place. At harvest time he sent a servant to the tenants to collect from them some of the fruit of the vineyard. But they seized him, beat him and sent him away empty-handed. Then he sent another servant to them; they struck this man on the head and treated him shamefully. He sent still another, and that one they killed. He sent many others; some of them they beat, others they killed.

“He had one left to send, a son, whom he loved. He sent him last of all,(C) saying, ‘They will respect my son.’

“But the tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ So they took him and killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard.

“What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others. 10 Haven’t you read this passage of Scripture:

“‘The stone the builders rejected
    has become the cornerstone;(D)
11 the Lord has done this,
    and it is marvelous in our eyes’[a]?”(E)

12 Then the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the elders looked for a way to arrest him because they knew he had spoken the parable against them. But they were afraid of the crowd;(F) so they left him and went away.(G)

Paying the Imperial Tax to Caesar(H)

13 Later they sent some of the Pharisees and Herodians(I) to Jesus to catch him(J) in his words. 14 They came to him and said, “Teacher, we know that you are a man of integrity. You aren’t swayed by others, because you pay no attention to who they are; but you teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. Is it right to pay the imperial tax[b] to Caesar or not? 15 Should we pay or shouldn’t we?”

But Jesus knew their hypocrisy. “Why are you trying to trap me?” he asked. “Bring me a denarius and let me look at it.” 16 They brought the coin, and he asked them, “Whose image is this? And whose inscription?”

“Caesar’s,” they replied.

17 Then Jesus said to them, “Give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s and to God what is God’s.”(K)

And they were amazed at him.

Marriage at the Resurrection(L)

18 Then the Sadducees,(M) who say there is no resurrection,(N) came to him with a question. 19 “Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother.(O) 20 Now there were seven brothers. The first one married and died without leaving any children. 21 The second one married the widow, but he also died, leaving no child. It was the same with the third. 22 In fact, none of the seven left any children. Last of all, the woman died too. 23 At the resurrection[c] whose wife will she be, since the seven were married to her?”

24 Jesus replied, “Are you not in error because you do not know the Scriptures(P) or the power of God? 25 When the dead rise, they will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven.(Q) 26 Now about the dead rising—have you not read in the Book of Moses, in the account of the burning bush, how God said to him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’[d]?(R) 27 He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. You are badly mistaken!”

The Greatest Commandment(S)

28 One of the teachers of the law(T) came and heard them debating. Noticing that Jesus had given them a good answer, he asked him, “Of all the commandments, which is the most important?”

29 “The most important one,” answered Jesus, “is this: ‘Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one.[e] 30 Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.’[f](U) 31 The second is this: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’[g](V) There is no commandment greater than these.”

32 “Well said, teacher,” the man replied. “You are right in saying that God is one and there is no other but him.(W) 33 To love him with all your heart, with all your understanding and with all your strength, and to love your neighbor as yourself is more important than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.”(X)

34 When Jesus saw that he had answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.”(Y) And from then on no one dared ask him any more questions.(Z)

Whose Son Is the Messiah?(AA)(AB)

35 While Jesus was teaching in the temple courts,(AC) he asked, “Why do the teachers of the law say that the Messiah is the son of David?(AD) 36 David himself, speaking by the Holy Spirit,(AE) declared:

“‘The Lord said to my Lord:
    “Sit at my right hand
until I put your enemies
    under your feet.”’[h](AF)

37 David himself calls him ‘Lord.’ How then can he be his son?”

The large crowd(AG) listened to him with delight.

Warning Against the Teachers of the Law

38 As he taught, Jesus said, “Watch out for the teachers of the law. They like to walk around in flowing robes and be greeted with respect in the marketplaces, 39 and have the most important seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets.(AH) 40 They devour widows’ houses and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will be punished most severely.”

The Widow’s Offering(AI)

41 Jesus sat down opposite the place where the offerings were put(AJ) and watched the crowd putting their money into the temple treasury. Many rich people threw in large amounts. 42 But a poor widow came and put in two very small copper coins, worth only a few cents.

43 Calling his disciples to him, Jesus said, “Truly I tell you, this poor widow has put more into the treasury than all the others. 44 They all gave out of their wealth; but she, out of her poverty, put in everything—all she had to live on.”(AK)

Footnotes

  1. Mark 12:11 Psalm 118:22,23
  2. Mark 12:14 A special tax levied on subject peoples, not on Roman citizens
  3. Mark 12:23 Some manuscripts resurrection, when people rise from the dead,
  4. Mark 12:26 Exodus 3:6
  5. Mark 12:29 Or The Lord our God is one Lord
  6. Mark 12:30 Deut. 6:4,5
  7. Mark 12:31 Lev. 19:18
  8. Mark 12:36 Psalm 110:1

The Parable of the Wicked Vinedressers(A)

12 Then (B)He began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard and set a hedge around it, dug a place for the wine vat and built a tower. And he leased it to [a]vinedressers and went into a far country. Now at vintage-time he sent a servant to the vinedressers, that he might receive some of the fruit of the vineyard from the vinedressers. And they took him and beat him and sent him away empty-handed. Again he sent them another servant, [b]and at him they threw stones, wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully treated. And again he sent another, and him they killed; and many others, (C)beating some and killing some. Therefore still having one son, his beloved, he also sent him to them last, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’ But those [c]vinedressers said among themselves, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ So they took him and (D)killed him and cast him out of the vineyard.

“Therefore what will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy the vinedressers, and give the vineyard to others. 10 Have you not even read this Scripture:

(E)‘The stone which the builders rejected
Has become the chief cornerstone.
11 This was the Lord’s doing,
And it is marvelous in our eyes’?”

12 (F)And they sought to lay hands on Him, but feared the multitude, for they knew He had spoken the parable against them. So they left Him and went away.

The Pharisees: Is It Lawful to Pay Taxes to Caesar?(G)

13 (H)Then they sent to Him some of the Pharisees and the Herodians, to catch Him in His words. 14 When they had come, they said to Him, “Teacher, we know that You are true, and [d]care about no one; for You do not [e]regard the person of men, but teach the (I)way of God in truth. Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, or not? 15 Shall we pay, or shall we not pay?”

But He, knowing their (J)hypocrisy, said to them, “Why do you test Me? Bring Me a denarius that I may see it. 16 So they brought it.

And He said to them, “Whose image and inscription is this?” They said to Him, “Caesar’s.”

17 And Jesus answered and said to them, [f]“Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to (K)God the things that are God’s.”

And they marveled at Him.

The Sadducees: What About the Resurrection?(L)

18 (M)Then some Sadducees, (N)who say there is no resurrection, came to Him; and they asked Him, saying: 19 “Teacher, (O)Moses wrote to us that if a man’s brother dies, and leaves his wife behind, and leaves no children, his brother should take his wife and raise up offspring for his brother. 20 Now there were seven brothers. The first took a wife; and dying, he left no offspring. 21 And the second took her, and he died; nor did he leave any offspring. And the third likewise. 22 So the seven had her and left no offspring. Last of all the woman died also. 23 Therefore, in the resurrection, when they rise, whose wife will she be? For all seven had her as wife.”

24 Jesus answered and said to them, “Are you not therefore [g]mistaken, because you do not know the Scriptures nor the power of God? 25 For when they rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but (P)are like angels in heaven. 26 But concerning the dead, that they (Q)rise, have you not read in the book of Moses, in the burning bush passage, how God spoke to him, saying, (R)‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? 27 He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living. You are therefore greatly [h]mistaken.”

The Scribes: Which Is the First Commandment of All?(S)

28 (T)Then one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, [i]perceiving that He had answered them well, asked Him, “Which is the [j]first commandment of all?”

29 Jesus answered him, “The [k]first of all the commandments is: (U)‘Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one. 30 And you shall (V)love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ [l]This is the first commandment. 31 And the second, like it, is this: (W)‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than (X)these.”

32 So the scribe said to Him, “Well said, Teacher. You have spoken the truth, for there is one God, (Y)and there is no other but He. 33 And to love Him with all the heart, with all the understanding, [m]with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love one’s neighbor as oneself, (Z)is more than all the whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.”

34 Now when Jesus saw that he answered wisely, He said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.”

(AA)But after that no one dared question Him.

Jesus: How Can David Call His Descendant Lord?(AB)

35 (AC)Then Jesus answered and said, while He taught in the temple, “How is it that the scribes say that the Christ is the Son of David? 36 For David himself said (AD)by the Holy Spirit:

(AE)‘The Lord said to my Lord,
“Sit at My right hand,
Till I make Your enemies Your footstool.” ’

37 Therefore David himself calls Him ‘Lord’; how is He then his (AF)Son?”

And the common people heard Him gladly.

Beware of the Scribes(AG)

38 Then (AH)He said to them in His teaching, (AI)“Beware of the scribes, who desire to go around in long robes, (AJ)love greetings in the marketplaces, 39 the (AK)best seats in the synagogues, and the best places at feasts, 40 (AL)who devour widows’ houses, and [n]for a pretense make long prayers. These will receive greater condemnation.”

The Widow’s Two Mites(AM)

41 (AN)Now Jesus sat opposite the treasury and saw how the people put money (AO)into the treasury. And many who were rich put in much. 42 Then one poor widow came and threw in two [o]mites, which make a [p]quadrans. 43 So He called His disciples to Himself and said to them, “Assuredly, I say to you that (AP)this poor widow has put in more than all those who have given to the treasury; 44 for they all put in out of their abundance, but she out of her poverty put in all that she had, (AQ)her whole livelihood.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 12:1 tenant farmers
  2. Mark 12:4 NU omits and at him they threw stones
  3. Mark 12:7 tenant farmers
  4. Mark 12:14 Court no man’s favor
  5. Mark 12:14 Lit. look at the face of men
  6. Mark 12:17 Pay
  7. Mark 12:24 Or deceived
  8. Mark 12:27 Or deceived
  9. Mark 12:28 NU seeing
  10. Mark 12:28 foremost
  11. Mark 12:29 foremost
  12. Mark 12:30 NU omits the rest of v. 30.
  13. Mark 12:33 NU omits with all the soul
  14. Mark 12:40 for appearance’ sake
  15. Mark 12:42 Gr. lepta, very small copper coins
  16. Mark 12:42 A Roman coin