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О внутренней чистоте(A)

Однажды собрались вокруг Него блюстители Закона и некоторые учители Таурата из Иерусалима. Они обратили внимание, что некоторые ученики Исы принимали пищу ритуально нечистыми, то есть неомытыми, руками.[a] Блюстители Закона, и вообще иудеи, строго следуя обычаям своих предков,[b] не садятся есть, не помыв установленным образом руки. Они не едят ничего, принесённого с базара, пока не совершат ритуального омовения. Ими соблюдается также и множество других установлений, как, например, о мытье чаш, кувшинов и медной посуды. Поэтому блюстители Закона и учители Таурата спросили Ису:

– Почему Твои ученики не следуют обычаям предков? Почему они едят нечистыми руками, не омыв их согласно ритуалу?

Иса ответил им:

– Прав был Исаия, когда пророчествовал о вас, лицемерах:

«Этот народ чтит Меня на словах,
    но сердца их далеки от Меня.
Они поклоняются Мне впустую,
    потому что их учение состоит из человеческих предписаний»[c].

Оставив повеление Всевышнего, вы соблюдаете человеческое предание. Вы ловко умеете подменять повеления Всевышнего вашими собственными традициями. 10 Ведь Всевышний сказал через Мусу: «Почитай отца и мать»[d], и «Кто злословит отца или мать, тот должен быть предан смерти»[e]. 11 Вы же говорите, что если человек скажет отцу или матери: «То, чем я мог бы тебе помочь, – курбан[f] (то есть мой дар Всевышнему)», 12 тогда ему уже позволяется ничего не делать для своего отца или матери.[g] 13 Вы отменяете слово Всевышнего собственным преданием, которое вы установили, и многое, подобное этому, вы делаете.

14 Иса снова подозвал к себе народ и сказал:

– Выслушайте Меня все и постарайтесь понять. 15-16 Ничто из того, что входит в человека извне, не может осквернить его. Оскверняет человека то, что исходит из него.[h]

17 Когда Иса оставил толпу и вошёл в дом, ученики спросили Его об этой притче.

18 – Так и вы тоже не понимаете? – сказал Он им. – Неужели вы не понимаете, что всё, что входит в человека извне, не может осквернить его? 19 Оно входит не в сердце человека, а в его желудок, а потом выходит вон. (Так Он объявил чистой любую пищу.) 20 Но то, что исходит из человека, – продолжал Он, – вот это и оскверняет его. 21 Потому что изнутри, из сердца человека исходят злые мысли, разврат, воровство, убийство, 22 супружеская неверность, жадность, злоба, коварство, распутство, завистливое око[i], клевета, надменность и безрассудство. 23 Всё это зло исходит изнутри, и именно оно оскверняет человека.

Вера язычницы(B)

24 Оттуда Иса отправился в окрестности Тира. Он остановился в одном доме и не хотел, чтобы кто-либо знал о Его приходе, но Ему всё равно не удалось сохранить это в тайне. 25 О приходе Исы узнала одна женщина, маленькая дочь которой была одержима нечистым духом. Эта женщина пришла и пала к Его ногам, 26 а она была язычницей, сирофиникиянкой. И она попросила Ису, чтобы Он изгнал демона из её дочери. 27 Иса сказал ей:

– Пусть сначала наедятся дети, ведь нехорошо будет забрать хлеб у детей и бросить собакам[j].

28 – Да, Повелитель, – ответила женщина, – но ведь и собаки едят под столом крошки, которые роняют дети.

29 – За твой ответ, – сказал ей Иса, – иди, демон вышел из твоей дочери.

30 Она пошла домой и увидела, что её дочь лежит в постели, а демон из неё вышел.

Исцеление глухого и косноязычного человека(C)

31 Возвращаясь из окрестностей Тира, Иса через Сидон вышел к Галилейскому озеру в области Десяти городов. 32 Там к Исе привели глухого и косноязычного человека и попросили возложить на него руку. 33 Иса отвёл его в сторону, вложил Свои пальцы ему в уши, затем сплюнул Себе на пальцы и прикоснулся ими к языку человека. 34 Потом Он поднял глаза к небу, тяжело вздохнул и сказал:

– Иппаттах!

Это означает: «Откройся!»

35 К человеку тотчас же вернулся слух, скованный язык стал двигаться, и он начал говорить ясно. 36 Иса запретил людям рассказывать об этом исцелении. Однако чем больше Он запрещал, тем больше они рассказывали. 37 Их удивлению не было предела.

– Всё, что Он делает – хорошо, – говорили люди. – У Него и глухие начинают слышать, и немые – говорить!

Footnotes

  1. 7:2 У древних иудеев существовал особый ритуал омовения рук перед приёмом пищи, подобный тому, что можно наблюдать среди народов Востока.
  2. 7:3 Духовные учители иудеев разработали целую систему обрядового очищения, намного превосходящую по своим требованиям то, что Всевышний предписал в Таурате. Эти установления передавались из поколения в поколение в устной форме.
  3. 7:6-7 Ис. 29:13.
  4. 7:10 Исх. 20:12; Втор. 5:16.
  5. 7:10 Исх. 21:17; Лев. 20:9.
  6. 7:11 Курбан   – это слово, которое входит в название праздника «Курбан-байрам», попало в Центральную Азию через арабский язык, родственный еврейскому.
  7. 7:11-12 Произнеся эти слова, человек, по мнению духовных учителей, освобождался от обязанности помогать своим нуждающимся родителям. И в данном случае никого не интересовало, будут ли эти средства потрачены на нужды храма или нет.
  8. 7:16 В некоторых рукописях присутствуют слова: «Если у кого есть уши, чтобы слышать, пусть слышит!»
  9. 7:22 Букв.: «дурной глаз». Это выражение было фразеологическим оборотом, обозначающим жадного или завистливого человека (см. Мат. 20:15).
  10. 7:27 Букв.: «собачкам». Для иудеев собака считалась нечистым животным. Исраильтяне часто называли язычников собаками, но в данном случае Иса не желал кого-либо обидеть, Он просто привёл иллюстрацию из жизни.

What contaminates a life?

The Pharisees and some legal experts from Jerusalem gathered around Jesus. They saw some of his disciples eating food with unclean hands. (They were eating without first ritually purifying their hands through washing. The Pharisees and all the Jews don’t eat without first washing their hands carefully. This is a way of observing the rules handed down by the elders. Upon returning from the marketplace, they don’t eat without first immersing themselves. They observe many other rules that have been handed down, such as the washing of cups, jugs, pans, and sleeping mats.) So the Pharisees and legal experts asked Jesus, “Why are your disciples not living according to the rules handed down by the elders but instead eat food with ritually unclean hands?”

He replied, “Isaiah really knew what he was talking about when he prophesied about you hypocrites. He wrote,

This people honors me with their lips,
    but their hearts are far away from me.
Their worship of me is empty
    since they teach instructions that are human words.[a]

You ignore God’s commandment while holding on to rules created by humans and handed down to you.” Jesus continued, “Clearly, you are experts at rejecting God’s commandment in order to establish these rules. 10 Moses said, Honor your father and your mother,[b] and The person who speaks against father or mother will certainly be put to death.[c] 11 But you say, ‘If you tell your father or mother, “Everything I’m expected to contribute to you is corban(that is, a gift I’m giving to God),” 12 then you are no longer required to care for your father or mother.’ 13 In this way you do away with God’s word in favor of the rules handed down to you, which you pass on to others. And you do a lot of other things just like that.”

14 Then Jesus called the crowd again and said, “Listen to me, all of you, and understand. 15 Nothing outside of a person can enter and contaminate a person in God’s sight; rather, the things that come out of a person contaminate the person.”[d]

17 After leaving the crowd, he entered a house where his disciples asked him about that riddle. 18 He said to them, “Don’t you understand either? Don’t you know that nothing from the outside that enters a person has the power to contaminate? 19 That’s because it doesn’t enter into the heart but into the stomach, and it goes out into the sewer.” By saying this, Jesus declared that no food could contaminate a person in God’s sight. 20 “It’s what comes out of a person that contaminates someone in God’s sight,” he said. 21 “It’s from the inside, from the human heart, that evil thoughts come: sexual sins, thefts, murders, 22 adultery, greed, evil actions, deceit, unrestrained immorality, envy, insults, arrogance, and foolishness. 23 All these evil things come from the inside and contaminate a person in God’s sight.”

An immigrant’s daughter is delivered

24 Jesus left that place and went into the region of Tyre. He didn’t want anyone to know that he had entered a house, but he couldn’t hide. 25 In fact, a woman whose young daughter was possessed by an unclean spirit heard about him right away. She came and fell at his feet. 26 The woman was Greek, Syrophoenician by birth. She begged Jesus to throw the demon out of her daughter. 27 He responded, “The children have to be fed first. It isn’t right to take the children’s bread and toss it to the dogs.”

28 But she answered, “Lord, even the dogs under the table eat the children’s crumbs.”

29 “Good answer!” he said. “Go on home. The demon has already left your daughter.” 30 When she returned to her house, she found the child lying on the bed and the demon gone.

A deaf man is healed

31 After leaving the region of Tyre, Jesus went through Sidon toward the Galilee Sea through the region of the Ten Cities. 32 Some people brought to him a man who was deaf and could hardly speak, and they begged him to place his hand on the man for healing. 33 Jesus took him away from the crowd by himself and put his fingers in the man’s ears. Then he spit and touched the man’s tongue. 34 Looking into heaven, Jesus sighed deeply and said, “Ephphatha,” which means, “Open up.” 35 At once, his ears opened, his twisted tongue was released, and he began to speak clearly.

36 Jesus gave the people strict orders not to tell anyone. But the more he tried to silence them, the more eagerly they shared the news. 37 People were overcome with wonder, saying, “He does everything well! He even makes the deaf to hear and gives speech to those who can’t speak.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 7:7 Isa 29:13
  2. Mark 7:10 Exod 20:12; Deut 5:16
  3. Mark 7:10 Exod 21:17; Lev 20:9
  4. Mark 7:15 7:16 is omitted in most critical editions of the Gk New Testament Whoever has ears to listen should pay attention!

That Which Defiles(A)

The Pharisees and some of the teachers of the law who had come from Jerusalem gathered around Jesus and saw some of his disciples eating food with hands that were defiled,(B) that is, unwashed. (The Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat unless they give their hands a ceremonial washing, holding to the tradition of the elders.(C) When they come from the marketplace they do not eat unless they wash. And they observe many other traditions, such as the washing of cups, pitchers and kettles.[a])(D)

So the Pharisees and teachers of the law asked Jesus, “Why don’t your disciples live according to the tradition of the elders(E) instead of eating their food with defiled hands?”

He replied, “Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you hypocrites; as it is written:

“‘These people honor me with their lips,
    but their hearts are far from me.
They worship me in vain;
    their teachings are merely human rules.’[b](F)

You have let go of the commands of God and are holding on to human traditions.”(G)

And he continued, “You have a fine way of setting aside the commands of God in order to observe[c] your own traditions!(H) 10 For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and mother,’[d](I) and, ‘Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.’[e](J) 11 But you say(K) that if anyone declares that what might have been used to help their father or mother is Corban (that is, devoted to God)— 12 then you no longer let them do anything for their father or mother. 13 Thus you nullify the word of God(L) by your tradition(M) that you have handed down. And you do many things like that.”

14 Again Jesus called the crowd to him and said, “Listen to me, everyone, and understand this. 15 Nothing outside a person can defile them by going into them. Rather, it is what comes out of a person that defiles them.” [16] [f]

17 After he had left the crowd and entered the house, his disciples asked him(N) about this parable. 18 “Are you so dull?” he asked. “Don’t you see that nothing that enters a person from the outside can defile them? 19 For it doesn’t go into their heart but into their stomach, and then out of the body.” (In saying this, Jesus declared all foods(O) clean.)(P)

20 He went on: “What comes out of a person is what defiles them. 21 For it is from within, out of a person’s heart, that evil thoughts come—sexual immorality, theft, murder, 22 adultery, greed,(Q) malice, deceit, lewdness, envy, slander, arrogance and folly. 23 All these evils come from inside and defile a person.”

Jesus Honors a Syrophoenician Woman’s Faith(R)

24 Jesus left that place and went to the vicinity of Tyre.[g](S) He entered a house and did not want anyone to know it; yet he could not keep his presence secret. 25 In fact, as soon as she heard about him, a woman whose little daughter was possessed by an impure spirit(T) came and fell at his feet. 26 The woman was a Greek, born in Syrian Phoenicia. She begged Jesus to drive the demon out of her daughter.

27 “First let the children eat all they want,” he told her, “for it is not right to take the children’s bread and toss it to the dogs.”

28 “Lord,” she replied, “even the dogs under the table eat the children’s crumbs.”

29 Then he told her, “For such a reply, you may go; the demon has left your daughter.”

30 She went home and found her child lying on the bed, and the demon gone.

Jesus Heals a Deaf and Mute Man(U)

31 Then Jesus left the vicinity of Tyre(V) and went through Sidon, down to the Sea of Galilee(W) and into the region of the Decapolis.[h](X) 32 There some people brought to him a man who was deaf and could hardly talk,(Y) and they begged Jesus to place his hand on(Z) him.

33 After he took him aside, away from the crowd, Jesus put his fingers into the man’s ears. Then he spit(AA) and touched the man’s tongue. 34 He looked up to heaven(AB) and with a deep sigh(AC) said to him, “Ephphatha!” (which means “Be opened!”). 35 At this, the man’s ears were opened, his tongue was loosened and he began to speak plainly.(AD)

36 Jesus commanded them not to tell anyone.(AE) But the more he did so, the more they kept talking about it. 37 People were overwhelmed with amazement. “He has done everything well,” they said. “He even makes the deaf hear and the mute speak.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 7:4 Some early manuscripts pitchers, kettles and dining couches
  2. Mark 7:7 Isaiah 29:13
  3. Mark 7:9 Some manuscripts set up
  4. Mark 7:10 Exodus 20:12; Deut. 5:16
  5. Mark 7:10 Exodus 21:17; Lev. 20:9
  6. Mark 7:16 Some manuscripts include here the words of 4:23.
  7. Mark 7:24 Many early manuscripts Tyre and Sidon
  8. Mark 7:31 That is, the Ten Cities

Jesus Challenges the Pharisees’ Traditions(A)

The Pharisees and some experts in Moses’ Teachings who had come from Jerusalem gathered around Jesus. They saw that some of his disciples were unclean [a] because they ate without washing their hands.

(The Pharisees, like all other Jewish people, don’t eat unless they have properly washed their hands. They follow the traditions of their ancestors. When they come from the marketplace, they don’t eat unless they have washed first. They have been taught to follow many other rules. For example, they must also wash their cups, jars, brass pots, and dinner tables.[b])

The Pharisees and the experts in Moses’ Teachings asked Jesus, “Why don’t your disciples follow the traditions taught by our ancestors? They are unclean because they don’t wash their hands before they eat!”

Jesus told them, “Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you hypocrites in Scripture:

‘These people honor me with their lips,
but their hearts are far from me.
Their worship of me is pointless,
because their teachings are rules made by humans.’

“You abandon the commandments of God to follow human traditions.” He added, “You have no trouble rejecting the commandments of God in order to keep your own traditions! 10 For example, Moses said, ‘Honor your father and your mother’ and ‘Whoever curses father or mother must be put to death.’ 11 But you say, ‘If a person tells his father or mother that whatever he might have used to help them is corban (that is, an offering to God), 12 he no longer has to do anything for his father or mother.’ 13 Because of your traditions you have destroyed the authority of God’s word. And you do many other things like that.”

14 Then he called the crowd again and said to them, “Listen to me, all of you, and try to understand! 15 Nothing that goes into a person from the outside can make him unclean. It’s what comes out of a person that makes him unclean. 16 Let the person who has ears listen!” [c]

17 When he had left the people and gone home, his disciples asked him about this illustration.

18 Jesus said to them, “Don’t you understand? Don’t you know that whatever goes into a person from the outside can’t make him unclean? 19 It doesn’t go into his thoughts but into his stomach and then into a toilet.” (By saying this, Jesus declared all foods acceptable.) 20 He continued, “It’s what comes out of a person that makes him unclean. 21 Evil thoughts, sexual sins, stealing, murder, 22 adultery, greed, wickedness, cheating, shameless lust, envy, cursing, arrogance, and foolishness come from within a person. 23 All these evils come from within and make a person unclean.”

The Faith of a Greek Woman(B)

24 Jesus left that place and went to the territory of Tyre. He didn’t want anyone to know that he was staying in a house there. However, it couldn’t be kept a secret.

25 A woman whose little daughter had an evil spirit heard about Jesus. She went to him and bowed down. 26 The woman happened to be Greek, born in Phoenicia in Syria. She asked him to force the demon out of her daughter.

27 Jesus said to her, “First, let the children eat all they want. It’s not right to take the children’s food and throw it to the dogs.”

28 She answered him, “Lord, even the dogs under the table eat some of the children’s scraps.”

29 Jesus said to her, “Because you have said this, go! The demon has left your daughter.”

30 The woman went home and found the little child lying on her bed, and the demon was gone.

Jesus Cures a Deaf Man

31 Jesus then left the neighborhood of Tyre. He went through Sidon and the territory of the Ten Cities [d] to the Sea of Galilee.

32 Some people brought to him a man who was deaf and who also had a speech defect. They begged Jesus to lay his hand on him. 33 Jesus took him away from the crowd to be alone with him. He put his fingers into the man’s ears, and after spitting, he touched the man’s tongue. 34 Then he looked up to heaven, sighed, and said to the man, “Ephphatha!” which means, “Be opened!” 35 At once the man could hear and talk normally.

36 Jesus ordered the people not to tell anyone. But the more he ordered them, the more they spread the news. 37 Jesus completely amazed the people. They said, “He has done everything well. He makes the deaf hear and the mute talk.”

Footnotes

  1. 7:2 Unclean   ” refers to anything that Moses’ Teachings say is not presentable to God.
  2. 7:4 Some manuscripts and translations omit “and dinner tables.”
  3. 7:16 Some manuscripts and translations omit this verse.
  4. 7:31 A federation of ten Greek city states east and west of the Jordan River.

Then came together unto him the Pharisees, and certain of the scribes, which came from Jerusalem.

And when they saw some of his disciples eat bread with defiled, that is to say, with unwashen, hands, they found fault.

For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, except they wash their hands oft, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders.

And when they come from the market, except they wash, they eat not. And many other things there be, which they have received to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots, brasen vessels, and of tables.

Then the Pharisees and scribes asked him, Why walk not thy disciples according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with unwashen hands?

He answered and said unto them, Well hath Esaias prophesied of you hypocrites, as it is written, This people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me.

Howbeit in vain do they worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men.

For laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men, as the washing of pots and cups: and many other such like things ye do.

And he said unto them, Full well ye reject the commandment of God, that ye may keep your own tradition.

10 For Moses said, Honour thy father and thy mother; and, Whoso curseth father or mother, let him die the death:

11 But ye say, If a man shall say to his father or mother, It is Corban, that is to say, a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; he shall be free.

12 And ye suffer him no more to do ought for his father or his mother;

13 Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered: and many such like things do ye.

14 And when he had called all the people unto him, he said unto them, Hearken unto me every one of you, and understand:

15 There is nothing from without a man, that entering into him can defile him: but the things which come out of him, those are they that defile the man.

16 If any man have ears to hear, let him hear.

17 And when he was entered into the house from the people, his disciples asked him concerning the parable.

18 And he saith unto them, Are ye so without understanding also? Do ye not perceive, that whatsoever thing from without entereth into the man, it cannot defile him;

19 Because it entereth not into his heart, but into the belly, and goeth out into the draught, purging all meats?

20 And he said, That which cometh out of the man, that defileth the man.

21 For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders,

22 Thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness:

23 All these evil things come from within, and defile the man.

24 And from thence he arose, and went into the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and entered into an house, and would have no man know it: but he could not be hid.

25 For a certain woman, whose young daughter had an unclean spirit, heard of him, and came and fell at his feet:

26 The woman was a Greek, a Syrophenician by nation; and she besought him that he would cast forth the devil out of her daughter.

27 But Jesus said unto her, Let the children first be filled: for it is not meet to take the children's bread, and to cast it unto the dogs.

28 And she answered and said unto him, Yes, Lord: yet the dogs under the table eat of the children's crumbs.

29 And he said unto her, For this saying go thy way; the devil is gone out of thy daughter.

30 And when she was come to her house, she found the devil gone out, and her daughter laid upon the bed.

31 And again, departing from the coasts of Tyre and Sidon, he came unto the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the coasts of Decapolis.

32 And they bring unto him one that was deaf, and had an impediment in his speech; and they beseech him to put his hand upon him.

33 And he took him aside from the multitude, and put his fingers into his ears, and he spit, and touched his tongue;

34 And looking up to heaven, he sighed, and saith unto him, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened.

35 And straightway his ears were opened, and the string of his tongue was loosed, and he spake plain.

36 And he charged them that they should tell no man: but the more he charged them, so much the more a great deal they published it;

37 And were beyond measure astonished, saying, He hath done all things well: he maketh both the deaf to hear, and the dumb to speak.