Книга Судей 1
New Russian Translation
Израиль ведет войну с оставшимися хананеями(A)
1 После смерти Иисуса израильтяне спросили Господа:
– Кому из нас первым идти воевать с хананеями?
2 Господь ответил:
– Первым пусть идет Иуда; Я отдаю землю в его руки.
3 Тогда воины Иуды сказали своим братьям симеонитам:
– Идите с нами в землю, которая нам досталась, воевать с хананеями. А потом мы, в свой черед, пойдем с вами в вашу землю.
И симеониты пошли с ними. 4 Когда Иуда со своими людьми вышел на бой, Господь отдал хананеев и ферезеев в их руки, и они сразили в Везеке десять тысяч человек. 5 Там они и нашли Адони-Везека, сразились с ним и разбили хананеев и ферезеев. 6 Адони-Везек бежал, но они погнались за ним, схватили его и отрубили ему большие пальцы на руках и на ногах.
7 Адони-Везек сказал:
– Семьдесят царей с отрубленными большими пальцами на руках и на ногах собирали крохи под моим столом. Теперь Бог воздал мне за то, что я сделал.
Его отвели в Иерусалим, где он и умер.
8 Воины Иуды напали на Иерусалим и взяли его. Они предали город мечу и огню.
9 После этого воины Иуды отправились на битву с хананеями, которые жили в нагорьях, в Негеве и в западных предгорьях. 10 Они выступили против хананеев Хеврона (прежде он назывался Кирьят-Арба) и разбили Шешая, Ахимана и Талмая[a]. 11 Оттуда они пошли на жителей Давира (который прежде назывался Кирьят-Сефер).
12 Халев сказал:
– Я отдам свою дочь Ахсу в жены тому, кто нападет на Кирьят-Сефер и возьмет его.
13 Отниил, сын младшего брата Халева Кеназа[b], взял его, и Халев отдал ему в жены свою дочь Ахсу.
14 В день, когда была назначена свадьба, она говорила с Отниилом, чтобы просить у ее отца поле. Когда она слезла со своего осла, Халев спросил ее:
– Чего ты хочешь?
15 Она ответила:
– Окажи мне особую милость. Ты дал мне землю в Негеве – так дай мне и источники воды.
И Халев дал ей верхние и нижние источники.
16 Потомки тестя Моисея, кенея, пошли с народом Иуды из города Пальм[c] в пустыню Иуды, что в Негеве рядом с городом Арадом, и поселились среди народа.
17 Воины Иуды пошли со своими братьями симеонитами, напали на хананеев, которые жили в Цефате, и полностью уничтожили[d] город. Поэтому он получил название Хорма[e]. 18 Еще воины Иуды взяли Газу, Ашкелон и Экрон с их окрестностями.
19 Господь был с воинами Иуды. Они овладели нагорьями, но не смогли прогнать жителей долин, потому что у тех были железные колесницы. 20 Как и обещал Моисей, Хеврон был отдан Халеву, который прогнал оттуда троих сыновей Анака.
21 Вениамитяне не смогли выселить иевусеев, которые жили в Иерусалиме; иевусеи живут там с вениамитянами до сегодняшнего дня.
22 Дом Иосифа напал на Вефиль, и Господь был с ними. 23 Когда они послали лазутчиков разведать Вефиль (прежде он назывался Луз), 24 лазутчики увидели мужчину, выходящего из города, и сказали ему:
– Покажи нам, как попасть в город, и мы обойдемся с тобой хорошо.
25 Он показал им, и они предали город мечу, но пощадили того человека и всю его семью. 26 Этот человек пошел в землю хеттов, где построил город, который назвал Луз – так он называется и до сегодняшнего дня.
27 Но Манассия не прогнал жителей Бет-Шеана, Таанаха, Дора, Ивлеама и Мегиддо и окрестных деревень, и в этой земле продолжали жить хананеи. 28 Когда Израиль окреп, они сделали хананеев подневольными, но не изгнали их полностью. 29 И Ефрем не прогнал хананеев, которые жили в городе Гезере, и хананеи продолжали жить там среди них. 30 И Завулон не прогнал хананеев, живших в Китроне и в Нагалоле, которые остались среди них, но сделались подневольными. 31 И Асир не изгнал жителей Акко, Сидона, Ахлава, Ахзива, Хелвы, Афека и Рехова; 32 и поэтому народ Асира жил среди хананеев, обитателей той земли. 33 И Неффалим не прогнал жителей Бет-Шемеша и Бет-Анафа: неффалимиты жили среди хананеев, обитателей той земли, а жителей Бет-Шемеша и Бет-Анафа сделали подневольными. 34 Данитянам аморреи отрезали путь с нагорий в долину. 35 Аморреи продолжали жить на горе Херес, в городе Айялоне и поселении Шаалвиме, но когда сила дома Иосифа возросла, они тоже стали подневольными. 36 Граница аморреев шла от Скорпионовой возвышенности[f], от Селы и далее.
Footnotes
- 1:10 Это были потомки Анака (см. ст. 20), род которого был известен своим высоким ростом и наводил страх на израильтян (см. Чис. 13:22; Нав. 15:14).
- 1:13 Или: «Отниил, потомок Кеназа, младший брат Халева».
- 1:16 То есть Иерихона.
- 1:17 На языке оригинала стоит слово, которое говорит о полном посвящении предметов или людей Господу, часто осуществлявшемся через их уничтожение.
- 1:17 По-еврейски это название означает «уничтожение».
- 1:36 Или: «возвышенности Акраббим».
Judges 1
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
I. The Situation in Canaan Following the Israelite Conquest
Chapter 1
Canaanites in Palestine. 1 [a]After the death of Joshua the Israelites consulted the Lord, asking, “Who shall be first among us to attack the Canaanites and to do battle with them?” 2 The Lord answered: Judah shall attack: I have delivered the land into his power.(A) 3 Judah then said to his brother Simeon, “Come up with me into the territory allotted to me, and let us do battle with the Canaanites. I will likewise go with you into the territory allotted to you.” So Simeon went with him.(B)
4 When Judah attacked, the Lord delivered the Canaanites and Perizzites into their power, and they struck down ten thousand of them in Bezek. 5 (C)They came upon Adonibezek in Bezek and fought against him. When they struck down the Canaanites and Perizzites, 6 Adonibezek fled. They pursued him, and when they caught him, they cut off his thumbs and big toes. 7 “Seventy kings,” said Adonibezek, “used to pick up scraps under my table with their thumbs and big toes cut off. As I have done, so has God repaid me.” He was brought to Jerusalem, and he died there. 8 [b]The Judahites fought against Jerusalem, captured it, and put it to the sword, setting the city itself on fire.(D)
9 Afterward the Judahites went down to fight against the Canaanites who lived in the mountain region, in the Negeb, and in the foothills.(E) 10 Judah also marched against the Canaanites who lived in Hebron, which was formerly called Kiriath-arba, and defeated Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai.(F) 11 They marched from there against the inhabitants of Debir, which was formerly called Kiriath-sepher. 12 Caleb said, “To the man who attacks Kiriath-sepher and captures it, I will give my daughter Achsah in marriage.” 13 (G)Othniel captured it, the son of Caleb’s younger brother Kenaz; so Caleb gave him his daughter Achsah in marriage. 14 When she came to him, she induced him to ask her father for some land. Then, as she alighted from the donkey, Caleb asked her, “What do you want?” 15 She answered, “Give me a present. Since you have put me in the land of the Negeb, give me pools of water.” So Caleb gave her what she wanted, both the upper and the lower pool.
16 (H)The descendants of Hobab the Kenite, Moses’ father-in-law,[c] came up with the Judahites from the City of Palms to the wilderness of Arad, which is in the Negeb, and they settled among the Amalekites. 17 (I)Then Judah went with his brother Simeon, and they defeated the Canaanites who lived in Zephath. They put the city under the ban and renamed it Hormah.[d](J) 18 Judah captured Gaza with its territory, Ashkelon with its territory, Ekron with its territory, and Ashdod[e] with its territory.(K) 19 The Lord was with Judah, so they gained possession of the mountain region. But they could not dispossess those who lived on the plain, because they had iron chariots. 20 (L)As Moses had commanded, they gave Hebron to Caleb, who then drove the three sons of Anak away from there.
21 [f]As for the Jebusites dwelling in Jerusalem, the Benjaminites did not dispossess them, so that the Jebusites live with the Benjaminites in Jerusalem to the present day.(M)
22 The house of Joseph, too, went up against Bethel, and the Lord was with them. 23 The house of Joseph reconnoitered Bethel, which formerly was called Luz.(N) 24 The scouts saw a man coming out of the city and said to him, “Tell us the way into the city, and we will show you mercy.” 25 He showed them the way into the city, and they put the city to the sword; but they let the man and his whole clan go free. 26 The man then went to the land of the Hittites, where he built a city and called it Luz, which is its name to this day.
27 (O)Manasseh did not take possession of Beth-shean with its towns or of Taanach with its towns. Nor did they dispossess the inhabitants of Dor and its towns, those of Ibleam and its towns, or those of Megiddo and its towns. The Canaanites continued to live in this district. 28 When Israel grew stronger, they conscripted the Canaanites as laborers, but did not actually drive them out. 29 (P)Ephraim did not drive out the Canaanites living in Gezer, and so the Canaanites lived among them in Gezer.
30 (Q)Nor did Zebulun dispossess the inhabitants of Kitron or those of Nahalol; the Canaanites lived among them and became forced laborers.
31 (R)Nor did Asher dispossess the inhabitants of Acco or those of Sidon, or take possession of Mahaleb, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik, or Rehob. 32 So the Asherites settled among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land, for they had not dispossessed them.
33 (S)Nor did Naphtali drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh or those of Beth-anath. They settled among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land and the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and Beth-anath became forced laborers for them.
34 The Amorites hemmed in the Danites in the mountain region, not permitting them to come down onto the plain. 35 So the Amorites continued to live in Harheres, Aijalon, and Shaalbim, but as the power of the house of Joseph grew, they were conscripted as laborers.
36 The territory of the Amorites extended from the Akrabbim pass, from Sela and upward.
Footnotes
- 1:1–36 The chapter depicts the Israelite settlement of Canaan as a gradual and incomplete process (cf. Ex 23:29–30; Dt 7:22). This picture contrasts sharply with that found in Joshua, where the conquest is rapid and total. Accordingly, some scholars believe that Jgs 1 derives from an early account, which is less idealized and more realistic than that on which Joshua is based. Others, noting that Judah is presented as the only tribe that was completely successful in driving foreigners from its territory, think that the account was written at a late date and reflects suspicion in Judah about foreign elements in the Israelite populations of outlying areas (cf. 2 Kgs 17:24–33).
- 1:8 See note on 1:21 below.
- 1:16 Hobab the Kenite, Moses’ father-in-law: as in 4:11. However, in Nm 10:29 Hobab is identified as Moses’ brother-in-law, while Reuel is identified as Moses’ father-in-law (see also Ex 2:18). The more common name of Moses’ father-in-law is Jethro, also a Midianite (e.g., Ex 3:1). It is impossible to sort out the relationships among these three men in the ancient traditions. City of Palms: Jericho (cf. Dt 34:3) or a town in the Negeb.
- 1:17 The ban…Hormah: the narrator relates the city-name “Hormah” to “the ban” (Hebrew herem), which commanded the Israelites to devote to the Lord—and thus to destroy—whatever was captured within the land (cf. Dt 20:10–18).
- 1:18 Gaza…Ashkelon…Ekron…Ashdod: four of the five major cities of the Philistines (see note on 3:3). Since these cities were on the coastal plain, the statement that Judah captured them is contrary to v. 19, which notes Judah’s failure to drive out the inhabitants of the lowlands. In the Septuagint the problem is removed by changing the beginning of this verse to read “Judah did not dispossess….”
- 1:21 According to Jos 18:16, Jerusalem was assigned to the tribe of Benjamin. According to the notice in 1:8 above, the city was burned by the Judahites, but elsewhere (2 Sm 5:6–9) we learn that it was not actually taken from the Jebusites until David captured it and made it his capital.
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