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21 Þetta eru þau lög, sem þú skalt leggja fyrir þá:

Þegar þú kaupir hebreskan þræl, skal hann þjóna þér sex ár, en á sjöunda ári skal hann frjáls burt fara án endurgjalds.

Hafi hann komið einhleypur, skal hann og einhleypur burt fara, en hafi hann kvongaður verið, skal kona hans fara burt með honum.

Hafi húsbóndi hans fengið honum konu og hafi hún fætt honum sonu eða dætur, þá skal konan og börn hennar heyra húsbónda sínum til, en hann skal fara burt einhleypur.

En ef þrællinn segir skýlaust: "Ég elska húsbónda minn, konu mína og börn mín, ég vil ekki frjáls í burtu fara,"

þá skal húsbóndi hans færa hann til Guðs og leiða hann að dyrunum eða að dyrastafnum, og skal húsbóndi hans stinga al í gegnum eyra honum, og skal hann síðan vera þræll hans ævinlega.

Þegar maður selur dóttur sína að ambátt, skal hún ekki burt fara á sama hátt sem þrælar.

Geðjist hún eigi húsbónda sínum, sem ætlað hefir hana sjálfum sér, þá skal hann leyfa að hún sé leyst. Ekki skal hann hafa vald til að selja hana útlendum lýð, með því að hann hefir brugðið heiti við hana.

En ef hann ætlar hana syni sínum, þá skal hann gjöra við hana sem dóttur sína.

10 Taki hann sér aðra konu, skal hann ekki minnka af við hana í kosti eða klæðnaði eða sambúð.

11 Veiti hann henni ekki þetta þrennt, þá fari hún burt ókeypis, án endurgjalds.

12 Hver sem lýstur mann, svo að hann fær bana af, skal líflátinn verða.

13 En hafi hann ekki setið um líf hans, en Guð látið hann verða fyrir honum, þá skal ég setja þér griðastað, sem hann megi í flýja.

14 En fremji nokkur þá óhæfu að drepa náunga sinn með svikum, þá skalt þú taka hann, jafnvel frá altari mínu, að hann verði líflátinn.

15 Hver sem lýstur föður sinn eða móður sína skal líflátinn verða.

16 Hver sem stelur manni og selur hann, eða hann finnst í hans vörslu, hann skal líflátinn verða.

17 Hver sem bölvar föður sínum eða móður sinni skal líflátinn verða.

18 Þegar menn deila og annar lýstur hinn steini eða hnefa, og fær hann ekki bana af, heldur leggst í rekkju,

19 ef hann þá kemst á fætur og gengur úti við staf sinn, þá sé sá sýkn saka, er laust. En bæta skal hann honum verkfallið og láta græða hann til fulls.

20 Ef maður lýstur þræl sinn eða ambátt með staf, svo að hann deyr undir hendi hans, þá skal hann refsingu sæta.

21 En sé hann með lífi einn dag eða tvo, þá skal hann þó eigi refsingu sæta, því að þrællinn er eign hans verði keypt.

22 Ef menn fljúgast á og stjaka við þungaðri konu, svo að henni leysist höfn, en verður ekki annað mein af, þá haldi hann bótum uppi, slíkum sem bóndi konunnar kveður á hann, og greiði eftir mati gjörðarmanna.

23 En ef skaði hlýst af, þá skalt þú láta líf fyrir líf,

24 auga fyrir auga, tönn fyrir tönn, hönd fyrir hönd, fót fyrir fót,

25 bruna fyrir bruna, sár fyrir sár, skeinu fyrir skeinu.

26 Ef maður slær þræl sinn eða ambátt á auga og skemmir það, þá skal hann gefa honum frelsi sitt fyrir augað,

27 og ef hann lýstur tönn úr þræli sínum eða ambátt, þá gefi hann honum frelsi fyrir tönn sína.

28 Ef uxi stangar mann eða konu til bana, þá skal grýta uxann og ekki neyta kjötsins, og er eigandi uxans þá sýkn saka.

29 En hafi uxinn verið mannýgur áður og eigandinn verið látinn vita það, og geymir hann ekki uxans að heldur, svo að hann verður manni eða konu að bana, þá skal grýta uxann, en eigandi skal og líflátinn verða.

30 En gjörist honum að bæta með fé, þá leysi hann líf sitt með svo miklum bótum sem honum verður gjört að greiða.

31 Hvort sem uxinn stangar son eða dóttur, skal með hann fara eftir þessu lagaákvæði.

32 Ef uxinn stangar þræl manns eða ambátt, þá skal eigandi gjalda húsbónda þeirra þrjátíu sikla silfurs, og skal grýta uxann.

33 Ef maður opnar brunn eða grefur brunn og byrgir eigi aftur, og uxi eða asni fellur í hann,

34 þá skal eigandi brunnsins bæta. Hann skal greiða eigandanum fé fyrir, en hafa sjálfur hið dauða.

35 Ef uxi manns stangar uxa annars manns til bana, þá skulu þeir selja þann uxann, sem lifir, og skipta verði hans, og einnig skulu þeir skipta dauða uxanum.

36 En ef það var kunnugt, að uxinn var mannýgur áður, og eigandi gætti hans ekki að heldur, þá bæti hann uxa fyrir uxa, en hafi sjálfur hinn dauða.

21 “These are the laws(A) you are to set before them:

Hebrew Servants(B)(C)

“If you buy a Hebrew servant,(D) he is to serve you for six years. But in the seventh year, he shall go free,(E) without paying anything. If he comes alone, he is to go free alone; but if he has a wife when he comes, she is to go with him. If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall belong to her master, and only the man shall go free.

“But if the servant declares, ‘I love my master and my wife and children and do not want to go free,’(F) then his master must take him before the judges.[a](G) He shall take him to the door or the doorpost and pierce(H) his ear with an awl. Then he will be his servant for life.(I)

“If a man sells his daughter as a servant, she is not to go free as male servants do. If she does not please the master who has selected her for himself,[b] he must let her be redeemed. He has no right to sell her to foreigners, because he has broken faith with her. If he selects her for his son, he must grant her the rights of a daughter. 10 If he marries another woman, he must not deprive the first one of her food, clothing and marital rights.(J) 11 If he does not provide her with these three things, she is to go free, without any payment of money.

Personal Injuries

12 “Anyone who strikes a person with a fatal blow is to be put to death.(K) 13 However, if it is not done intentionally, but God lets it happen, they are to flee to a place(L) I will designate. 14 But if anyone schemes and kills someone deliberately,(M) that person is to be taken from my altar and put to death.(N)

15 “Anyone who attacks[c] their father or mother is to be put to death.

16 “Anyone who kidnaps someone is to be put to death,(O) whether the victim has been sold(P) or is still in the kidnapper’s possession.

17 “Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.(Q)

18 “If people quarrel and one person hits another with a stone or with their fist[d] and the victim does not die but is confined to bed, 19 the one who struck the blow will not be held liable if the other can get up and walk around outside with a staff; however, the guilty party must pay the injured person for any loss of time and see that the victim is completely healed.

20 “Anyone who beats their male or female slave with a rod must be punished if the slave dies as a direct result, 21 but they are not to be punished if the slave recovers after a day or two, since the slave is their property.(R)

22 “If people are fighting and hit a pregnant woman and she gives birth prematurely[e] but there is no serious injury, the offender must be fined whatever the woman’s husband demands(S) and the court allows. 23 But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life,(T) 24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth,(U) hand for hand, foot for foot, 25 burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise.

26 “An owner who hits a male or female slave in the eye and destroys it must let the slave go free to compensate for the eye. 27 And an owner who knocks out the tooth of a male or female slave must let the slave go free to compensate for the tooth.

28 “If a bull gores a man or woman to death, the bull is to be stoned to death,(V) and its meat must not be eaten. But the owner of the bull will not be held responsible. 29 If, however, the bull has had the habit of goring and the owner has been warned but has not kept it penned up(W) and it kills a man or woman, the bull is to be stoned and its owner also is to be put to death. 30 However, if payment is demanded, the owner may redeem his life by the payment of whatever is demanded.(X) 31 This law also applies if the bull gores a son or daughter. 32 If the bull gores a male or female slave, the owner must pay thirty shekels[f](Y) of silver to the master of the slave, and the bull is to be stoned to death.

33 “If anyone uncovers a pit(Z) or digs one and fails to cover it and an ox or a donkey falls into it, 34 the one who opened the pit must pay the owner for the loss and take the dead animal in exchange.

35 “If anyone’s bull injures someone else’s bull and it dies, the two parties are to sell the live one and divide both the money and the dead animal equally. 36 However, if it was known that the bull had the habit of goring, yet the owner did not keep it penned up,(AA) the owner must pay, animal for animal, and take the dead animal in exchange.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 21:6 Or before God
  2. Exodus 21:8 Or master so that he does not choose her
  3. Exodus 21:15 Or kills
  4. Exodus 21:18 Or with a tool
  5. Exodus 21:22 Or she has a miscarriage
  6. Exodus 21:32 That is, about 12 ounces or about 345 grams

21 Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.

If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.

If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married, then his wife shall go out with him.

If his master have given him a wife, and she have born him sons or daughters; the wife and her children shall be her master's, and he shall go out by himself.

And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free:

Then his master shall bring him unto the judges; he shall also bring him to the door, or unto the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an aul; and he shall serve him for ever.

And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do.

If she please not her master, who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be redeemed: to sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her.

And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.

10 If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish.

11 And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money.

12 He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death.

13 And if a man lie not in wait, but God deliver him into his hand; then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee.

14 But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die.

15 And he that smiteth his father, or his mother, shall be surely put to death.

16 And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.

17 And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to death.

18 And if men strive together, and one smite another with a stone, or with his fist, and he die not, but keepeth his bed:

19 If he rise again, and walk abroad upon his staff, then shall he that smote him be quit: only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall cause him to be thoroughly healed.

20 And if a man smite his servant, or his maid, with a rod, and he die under his hand; he shall be surely punished.

21 Notwithstanding, if he continue a day or two, he shall not be punished: for he is his money.

22 If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, according as the woman's husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine.

23 And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life,

24 Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,

25 Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.

26 And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye's sake.

27 And if he smite out his manservant's tooth, or his maidservant's tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake.

28 If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die: then the ox shall be surely stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be quit.

29 But if the ox were wont to push with his horn in time past, and it hath been testified to his owner, and he hath not kept him in, but that he hath killed a man or a woman; the ox shall be stoned, and his owner also shall be put to death.

30 If there be laid on him a sum of money, then he shall give for the ransom of his life whatsoever is laid upon him.

31 Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him.

32 If the ox shall push a manservant or a maidservant; he shall give unto their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.

33 And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein;

34 The owner of the pit shall make it good, and give money unto the owner of them; and the dead beast shall be his.

35 And if one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money of it; and the dead ox also they shall divide.

36 Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay ox for ox; and the dead shall be his own.