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[a] 17 So faith comes from hearing, and hearing by the word of Messiah.

18 But I say, have they never heard? Indeed they have, for

“Their voice has gone out into all the earth,
    and their words to the ends of the world.”[b]

19 But I say, did Israel not understand? First Moses says,

“I will provoke you to jealousy
        by those who are not a nation,
    with a nation empty of understanding
    I will vex you.”[c]
20 And Isaiah is so bold as to say,
“I was found by those who did not seek Me;
I became visible to those who did not ask for Me.”[d]
21 But about Israel He says,
“All day long I stretched forth My hands
    to a disobedient and contrary people.”[e]

Israel Not Rejected

11 I say then, God has not rejected His people, has He?[f] May it never be! For I too am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. God has not rejected His people whom He knew beforehand.[g] Or do you not know what the Scripture says about Elijah, how he pleads with God against Israel? Adonai, they have killed your prophets, they have destroyed your altars; I alone am left, and they are seeking my life.” [h] But what is the divine response to him? “I have kept for Myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal.” [i] So in the same way also at this present time there has come to be a remnant[j] according to God’s gracious choice. But if it is by grace, it is no longer by works; otherwise grace would no longer be grace.

What then? What Israel is seeking, it has not obtained; but the elect obtained it, and the rest were hardened— just as it is written,

“God gave them a spirit of stupor,
    eyes not to see and ears not to hear,
        until this very day.”[k]

And David says,

“Let their table become a snare and a trap,
    a stumbling block and a retribution for them.
10 Let their eyes be darkened so they do not see,
    and bend their back continually.”[l]

11 I say then, they did not stumble so as to fall, did they?[m] May it never be! But by their false step salvation has come to the Gentiles, to provoke Israel to jealousy. [n] 12 Now if their transgression leads to riches for the world, and their loss riches for the Gentiles, then how much more their fullness!