大祭司麦基洗德

这位麦基洗德是撒冷王,也是至高上帝的祭司。当年亚伯拉罕杀败众王凯旋归来的时候,麦基洗德迎上去为他祝福, 亚伯拉罕把战利品的十分之一给了他。麦基洗德这名字的原意是“公义之王”,后来他又被称为撒冷王,意思是“和平之王”。 他的父母、族谱、生辰、寿数都不得而知,他跟上帝的儿子相似,永远担任祭司的职分。

试想,连我们的祖先亚伯拉罕都将战利品的十分之一给了他,可见他是何等的尊贵! 按照犹太人的律法,那些承袭做祭司的利未后裔可以照例向自己的同胞,就是亚伯拉罕的后裔,收取十分之一。 但这位与犹太人没有血缘关系的麦基洗德,不单接受了亚伯拉罕给他的十分之一,还为承受应许的亚伯拉罕祝福。 毫无疑问,那为人祝福的总比领受祝福的位分大。 收取十分之一的利未祭司都是会死的人,但那位收取十分之一的麦基洗德被证明仍然活着。 这样说来,连接受十分之一奉献的利未也透过亚伯拉罕向麦基洗德纳了十分之一。 10 因为亚伯拉罕遇见麦基洗德时,利未虽然还没有出生,却已经在他祖先的身体里面了。

大祭司耶稣

11 犹太人在利未祭司制度的基础上承受了律法,如果通过这个祭司制度可以达到纯全,又何必照麦基洗德的模式而不是亚伦的模式,另外兴起一位祭司呢? 12 既然这祭司制度更改了,律法也必须更改。 13 因为这里所说的这位祭司属于别的支派,那支派里从来没有在祭坛前供职的祭司。 14 显然,我们的主基督属于犹大支派,摩西从来没有说这个支派会出祭司。

15-16 如果照麦基洗德的模式另外兴起一位祭司,祂做祭司不是照律法要求的血统关系,而是照不能朽坏之生命的大能,事情就更加清楚了。 17 因为有一处经文为祂做见证说:“你照麦基洗德的模式永远做祭司。” 18 以前的条例由于本身的弱点和无益被废除了, 19 因为律法并没有使人变得纯全。但如今,我们可以借着一个更美好的盼望来到上帝面前。

20 此外,耶稣做祭司并非没有誓言作保,其他人做祭司没有誓言作保。 21 上帝只对耶稣说过:

“主起了誓,绝不反悔,
你永远做祭司。”

22 这誓言使耶稣成了更美之约的保证人。 23 以前做祭司的人数极多,但因为受死亡的限制,都不能长久担任圣职。 24 然而,基督永远活着,祂的祭司职位也永不更改。 25 所以祂能拯救那些靠着祂来到上帝面前的人,直到永远,因为祂永远活着,为他们祈求。

26 我们所需要的,正是这样一位圣洁无瑕、良善纯全、远离罪恶、超越诸天的大祭司。 27 祂无需像其他大祭司每天先为自己的罪献祭,然后为百姓的罪献祭,因为祂只一次献上自己的生命,便永远完成了赎罪的工作。 28 根据律法所立的大祭司都有弱点,但律法之后凭誓言所立的大祭司——上帝的儿子永远纯全。

For this Melchizedek, king of Salem, priest of God Most High, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings and blessed him, to whom also Abraham divided a tenth part of all (being first, by interpretation, “king of righteousness”, and then also “king of Salem”, which means “king of peace”, without father, without mother, without genealogy, having neither beginning of days nor end of life, but made like the Son of God), remains a priest continually.

Now consider how great this man was, to whom even Abraham the patriarch gave a tenth out of the best plunder. They indeed of the sons of Levi who receive the priest’s office have a commandment to take tithes from the people according to the law, that is, of their brothers, though these have come out of the body of Abraham, but he whose genealogy is not counted from them has accepted tithes from Abraham, and has blessed him who has the promises. But without any dispute the lesser is blessed by the greater. Here people who die receive tithes, but there one receives tithes of whom it is testified that he lives. We can say that through Abraham even Levi, who receives tithes, has paid tithes, 10 for he was yet in the body of his father when Melchizedek met him.

11 Now if perfection was through the Levitical priesthood (for under it the people have received the law), what further need was there for another priest to arise after the order of Melchizedek, and not be called after the order of Aaron? 12 For the priesthood being changed, there is of necessity a change made also in the law. 13 For he of whom these things are said belongs to another tribe, from which no one has officiated at the altar. 14 For it is evident that our Lord has sprung out of Judah, about which tribe Moses spoke nothing concerning priesthood. 15 This is yet more abundantly evident, if after the likeness of Melchizedek there arises another priest, 16 who has been made, not after the law of a fleshly commandment, but after the power of an endless life; 17 for it is testified,

“You are a priest forever,
    according to the order of Melchizedek.”(A)

18 For there is an annulling of a foregoing commandment because of its weakness and uselessness 19 (for the law made nothing perfect), and a bringing in of a better hope, through which we draw near to God. 20 Inasmuch as he was not made priest without the taking of an oath 21 (for they indeed have been made priests without an oath), but he with an oath by him that says of him,

“The Lord swore and will not change his mind,
    ‘You are a priest forever,
    according to the order of Melchizedek.’”(B)

22 By so much, Jesus has become the guarantee of a better covenant.

23 Many, indeed, have been made priests, because they are hindered from continuing by death. 24 But he, because he lives forever, has his priesthood unchangeable. 25 Therefore he is also able to save to the uttermost those who draw near to God through him, seeing that he lives forever to make intercession for them.

26 For such a high priest was fitting for us: holy, guiltless, undefiled, separated from sinners, and made higher than the heavens; 27 who doesn’t need, like those high priests, to offer up sacrifices daily, first for his own sins, and then for the sins of the people. For he did this once for all, when he offered up himself. 28 For the law appoints men as high priests who have weakness, but the word of the oath, which came after the law, appoints a Son forever who has been perfected.