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De steden voor de Levieten

35 In de vlakte van Moab bij de Jordaan, tegenover Jericho, zei de Heer tegen Mozes: "Zeg tegen de Israëlieten dat ze een aantal steden aan de Levieten moeten geven. Daar mogen de Levieten wonen. Ook moeten jullie de graslanden rond die steden aan de Levieten geven. Zo hebben ze steden om in te wonen en graslanden voor hun vee en voor al hun dieren. De graslanden van de steden die jullie aan de Levieten geven, moeten afgemeten worden vanaf de stadsmuur. De lengte vanaf de stadsmuur is 1000 el (450 meter). De breedte wordt 2000 el (900 meter). Dus de graslanden voor de Levieten langs de oostkant, de zuidkant, de westkant en de noordkant zijn ieder 2000 el breed en 1000 el lang, met de stad in het midden.

Zes van de steden die jullie aan de Levieten geven, moeten vrijsteden zijn. Als iemand per ongeluk iemand gedood heeft, kan hij naar een vrijstad vluchten. Daar zal hij veilig zijn voor de wraak van de familie van de gedode man. Behalve die zes vrijsteden moeten jullie hun nóg 42 steden geven. In totaal moeten jullie 48 steden aan de Levieten geven, met de graslanden die daar omheen liggen. Een stam die een groot gebied heeft, moet veel steden geven. Een stam die een kleiner gebied heeft, moet minder steden geven. Het aantal steden dat een stam aan de Levieten geeft, moet overeenkomen met de grootte van het gebied dat die stam heeft gekregen."

De regels voor de vrijsteden

En de Heer zei tegen Mozes: 10 "Zeg tegen de Israëlieten: Als jullie de Jordaan oversteken naar Kanaän, 11 moeten jullie een aantal steden aanwijzen als vrijsteden. 12 Als iemand per ongeluk een ander heeft gedood, kan hij daarheen vluchten. Daar zal hij veilig zijn voor de wraak van de familie van de gedode man. Zo kan de dader niet gedood worden vóórdat hij voor de rechter is gekomen. 13 Kies dus zes steden uit als vrijsteden. 14 Kies er drie aan de oostkant van de Jordaan en drie in Kanaän. 15 In die zes vrijsteden zullen Israëlieten en vreemdelingen die bij jullie wonen, veilig zijn, als ze per ongeluk iemand hebben gedood.

16 Maar als iemand een ander met een ijzeren voorwerp zó hard heeft geslagen dat die ander sterft, heeft hij expres gedood. Hij is een moordenaar. Hij moet gedood worden. 17 En als iemand een ander met een steen zo hard heeft geslagen dat die ander sterft, heeft hij expres gedood. Hij is een moordenaar. Hij moet gedood worden. 18 En als iemand een ander met een houten voorwerp zo hard heeft geslagen dat die ander sterft, heeft hij expres gedood. Hij is een moordenaar. Hij moet gedood worden. 19 De man die wraak neemt voor de dood van de vermoorde man, moet zelf de dader doden wanneer hij hem vindt. 20 De dader moet ook gedood worden als hij een ander heeft neergestoken omdat hij hem haatte. Of als hij expres iets naar hem heeft gegooid zodat hij stierf. 21 Of als hij hem uit haat zó hard met zijn hand heeft geslagen dat hij stierf. De dader moet gedood worden, want hij heeft het expres gedaan. Hij is een moordenaar. De man die wraak neemt voor de dood van de vermoorde man, moet de dader doden wanneer hij hem vindt.

22 Maar stel dat iemand per ongeluk een ander heeft gestoten of iets naar hem toegegooid heeft, zonder dat hij hem haatte. 23 Of dat hij per ongeluk een grote steen op iemand heeft laten vallen, zodat die ander stierf. Maar dat hij dat niet deed omdat hij hem haatte. Hij deed het niet expres. 24 Dan moet het volk volgens deze regels rechtspreken over de dader en over de man die wraak komt nemen voor de gedode man. 25 En het volk moet de man die per ongeluk iemand heeft gedood, redden van de man die de gedode man komt wreken. Hij moet naar de vrijstad teruggaan waar hij naartoe was gevlucht. Daar moet hij blijven wonen, tót de dood van de hogepriester. 26 Maar als hij buiten de grens van de vrijstad komt, 27 en de man die de dode wil wreken, vindt hem daar, dan mag hij hem doden. De wreker is dan niet schuldig. 28 Want de man had in de vrijstad moeten blijven tot de dood van de hogepriester. Na de dood van de hogepriester mag hij naar huis teruggaan. 29 Dit is de wet voor jullie en voor alle families ná jullie, in alle plaatsen waar jullie wonen.

30 Als iemand een ander vermoord heeft, mag hij alleen gedood worden als meerdere mensen kunnen bewijzen dat hij de dader is. Als er maar één getuige is, is dat niet genoeg om hem de doodstraf te geven. 31 Een moordenaar mag niet vrijgekocht worden. Hij móet worden gedood. 32 En iemand die naar een vrijstad is gevlucht, móet daar blijven wonen tot de dood van de hogepriester. Hij kan niet eerder naar huis terug door een losgeld te betalen. 33 Zo zullen jullie het land waar jullie wonen niet onrein maken. Want door bloed wordt een land onrein. Het land kan alleen maar vergeving krijgen voor het bloed dat vergoten is, door het bloed van de man die het vergoten heeft. 34 Zorg dat jullie land niet onrein wordt, Israëlieten, want Ik woon bij jullie. Ik ben de Heer."

Cities for the Levites

35 The Lord again spoke to Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan across from Jericho: “Command the Israelites to give cities out of their hereditary property for the Levites to live in and pastureland around the cities.(A) The cities will be for them to live in, and their pasturelands will be for their herds, flocks, and all their other animals. The pasturelands of the cities you are to give the Levites will extend from the city wall 500 yards[a] on every side. Measure 1,000 yards[b] outside the city for the east side, 1,000 yards[c] for the south side, 1,000 yards[d] for the west side, and 1,000 yards[e] for the north side, with the city in the center. This will belong to them as pasturelands for the cities.

“The cities you give the Levites will include six cities of refuge,(B) which you must provide so that the one who kills someone may flee there; in addition to these, give 42 other cities.(C) The total number of cities you give the Levites will be 48, along with their pasturelands. Of the cities that you give from the Israelites’ territory, you should take more from a larger tribe and less from a smaller one. Each tribe is to give some of its cities to the Levites in proportion to the inheritance it receives.”

Cities of Refuge

The Lord said to Moses, 10 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them: When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 11 designate cities to serve as cities of refuge for you, so that a person who kills someone unintentionally may flee there.(D) 12 You will have the cities as a refuge from the avenger, so that the one who kills someone will not die until he stands trial before the assembly. 13 The cities you select will be your six cities of refuge. 14 Select three cities across the Jordan and three cities in the land of Canaan to be cities of refuge. 15 These six cities will serve as a refuge for the Israelites and for the foreigner or temporary resident among them, so that anyone who kills a person unintentionally may flee there.

16 “If anyone strikes a person with an iron object and death results, he is a murderer; the murderer must be put to death. 17 If a man has in his hand a stone capable of causing death and strikes another person and he dies, the murderer must be put to death. 18 If a man has in his hand a wooden object capable of causing death and strikes another person and he dies, the murderer must be put to death. 19 The avenger of blood himself is to kill the murderer; when he finds him, he is to kill him. 20 Likewise, if anyone in hatred pushes a person or throws an object at him with malicious intent and he dies, 21 or if in hostility he strikes him with his hand and he dies, the one who struck him must be put to death; he is a murderer. The avenger of blood is to kill the murderer when he finds him.

22 “But if anyone suddenly pushes a person without hostility or throws any object at him without malicious intent 23 or without looking drops a stone that could kill a person and he dies, but he was not his enemy and wasn’t trying to harm him, 24 the assembly is to judge between the slayer and the avenger of blood according to these ordinances. 25 The assembly is to protect the one who kills someone from the hand of the avenger of blood. Then the assembly will return him to the city of refuge he fled to, and he must live there until the death of the high priest who was anointed with the holy oil.(E)

26 “If the one who kills someone ever goes outside the border of the city of refuge he fled to, 27 and the avenger of blood finds him outside the border of his city of refuge and kills him, the avenger will not be guilty of bloodshed, 28 for the one who killed a person was supposed to live in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest. Only after the death of the high priest may the one who has killed a person return to the land he possesses. 29 These instructions will be a statutory ordinance for you throughout your generations wherever you live.

30 “If anyone kills a person, the murderer is to be put to death based on the word of witnesses. But no one is to be put to death based on the testimony of one witness.(F) 31 You are not to accept a ransom for the life of a murderer who is guilty of killing someone; he must be put to death. 32 Neither should you accept a ransom for the person who flees to his city of refuge, allowing him to return and live in the land before the death of the high priest.[f]

33 “Do not defile the land where you are,[g] for bloodshed defiles the land,(G) and there can be no atonement for the land because of the blood that is shed on it, except by the blood of the person who shed it. 34 Do not make the land unclean where you live and where I reside; for I, Yahweh, reside among the Israelites.”

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 35:4 Lit 1,000 cubits
  2. Numbers 35:5 Lit 2,000 cubits
  3. Numbers 35:5 Lit 2,000 cubits
  4. Numbers 35:5 Lit 2,000 cubits
  5. Numbers 35:5 Lit 2,000 cubits
  6. Numbers 35:32 Sam, LXX, Syr read high priest
  7. Numbers 35:33 Sam, LXX, Syr, Vg, Tg read live

35 And the Lord said to Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho,

Command the Israelites that they give to the Levites from the inheritance of their possession cities to dwell in; and [suburb] pasturelands round about the cities’ walls you shall give to the Levites also.

They shall have the cities to dwell in and their [suburb] pasturelands shall be for their cattle, for their wealth [in flocks], and for all their beasts.

And the pasturelands of the cities which you shall give to the Levites shall reach from the wall of the city and outward 1,000 cubits round about.

You shall measure from the wall of the city outward on the east, south, west, and north sides 2,000 cubits, the city being in the center. This shall belong to [the Levites] as [suburb] pasturelands for their cities.

Of the cities which you shall give to the Levites there shall be the six cities of refuge, which you shall give for the manslayer to flee into; and in addition to them you shall give forty-two cities.

So all the cities which you shall give to the Levites shall be forty-eight; you shall give them with their adjacent [suburb] pasturelands.

As for the cities, you shall give from the possession of the Israelites, from the larger tribes you shall take many and from the smaller tribes few; each tribe shall give of its cities to the Levites in proportion to its inheritance.

And the Lord said to Moses,

10 Say to the Israelites, When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan,

11 Then you shall select cities to be cities of refuge for you, that the slayer who kills any person unintentionally and unawares may flee there.

12 And the cities shall be to you for refuge from the avenger, that the manslayer may not die until he has had a fair trial before the congregation.

13 And of the cities which you give there shall be your six cities for refuge.

14 You shall give three cities on this [east] side of the Jordan and three cities in the land of Canaan, to be cities of refuge.

15 These six cities shall be a refuge for the Israelites and for the stranger and the temporary resident among them; that anyone who kills any person unintentionally and unawares may flee there.

16 But if he struck him down with an instrument of iron so that he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death.

17 And if he struck him down by throwing a stone, by which a person may die, and he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death.

18 Or if he struck him down with a weapon of wood in his hand, by which one may die, and he died, the offender is a murderer; he shall surely be put to death.

19 The avenger of blood shall himself slay the murderer; when he meets him, he shall slay him.

20 But if he stabbed him through hatred or hurled at him by lying in wait so that he died

21 Or in enmity struck him down with his hand so that he died, he that smote him shall surely be put to death; he is a murderer. The avenger of blood shall slay the murderer when he meets him.

22 But if he stabbed him suddenly without enmity or threw anything at or upon him without lying in wait

23 Or with any stone with which a man may be killed, not seeing him, and threw it at him so that he died, and was not his enemy nor sought to harm him,

24 Then the congregation shall judge between the slayer and the avenger of blood according to these ordinances.

25 And the congregation shall rescue the manslayer from the hand of the avenger of blood and restore him to his city of refuge to which he had fled; and he shall live in it until the high priest dies, who was anointed with the sacred oil.

26 But if the slayer shall at any time come outside the limits of his city of refuge to which he had fled

27 And the avenger of blood finds him outside the limits of his city of refuge and kills the manslayer, he shall not be guilty of blood

28 Because the manslayer should have remained in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest. But after the high priest’s death the manslayer shall return to the land of his possession.

29 And these things shall be for a statute and ordinance to you throughout your generations in all your dwellings.

30 Whoever kills any person [intentionally], the murderer shall be put to death on the testimony of witnesses; but no one shall be put to death on the testimony of one witness.

31 Moreover, you shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer guilty of death; but he shall surely be put to death.

32 And you shall accept no ransom for him who has fled to his city of refuge, so that he may return to dwell in the land before the death of the high priest.

33 So you shall not pollute the land in which you live; for blood pollutes the land, and no atonement can be made for the land for the blood shed in it, but by the blood of him who shed it.

34 And you shall not defile the land in which you live, in the midst of which I dwell, for I, the Lord, dwell in the midst of the people of Israel.

Towns for the Levites

35 On the plains of Moab by the Jordan across from Jericho,(A) the Lord said to Moses, “Command the Israelites to give the Levites towns to live in(B) from the inheritance the Israelites will possess. And give them pasturelands(C) around the towns. Then they will have towns to live in and pasturelands for the cattle they own and all their other animals.(D)

“The pasturelands around the towns that you give the Levites will extend a thousand cubits[a] from the town wall. Outside the town, measure two thousand cubits[b](E) on the east side, two thousand on the south side, two thousand on the west and two thousand on the north, with the town in the center. They will have this area as pastureland for the towns.(F)

Cities of Refuge(G)

“Six of the towns you give the Levites will be cities of refuge, to which a person who has killed someone may flee.(H) In addition, give them forty-two other towns. In all you must give the Levites forty-eight towns, together with their pasturelands. The towns you give the Levites from the land the Israelites possess are to be given in proportion to the inheritance of each tribe: Take many towns from a tribe that has many, but few from one that has few.”(I)

Then the Lord said to Moses: 10 “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When you cross the Jordan into Canaan,(J) 11 select some towns to be your cities of refuge, to which a person who has killed someone(K) accidentally(L) may flee. 12 They will be places of refuge from the avenger,(M) so that anyone accused of murder(N) may not die before they stand trial before the assembly.(O) 13 These six towns you give will be your cities of refuge.(P) 14 Give three on this side of the Jordan and three in Canaan as cities of refuge. 15 These six towns will be a place of refuge for Israelites and for foreigners residing among them, so that anyone who has killed another accidentally can flee there.

16 “‘If anyone strikes someone a fatal blow with an iron object, that person is a murderer; the murderer is to be put to death.(Q) 17 Or if anyone is holding a stone and strikes someone a fatal blow with it, that person is a murderer; the murderer is to be put to death. 18 Or if anyone is holding a wooden object and strikes someone a fatal blow with it, that person is a murderer; the murderer is to be put to death. 19 The avenger of blood(R) shall put the murderer to death; when the avenger comes upon the murderer, the avenger shall put the murderer to death.(S) 20 If anyone with malice aforethought shoves another or throws something at them intentionally(T) so that they die 21 or if out of enmity one person hits another with their fist so that the other dies, that person is to be put to death;(U) that person is a murderer. The avenger of blood(V) shall put the murderer to death when they meet.

22 “‘But if without enmity someone suddenly pushes another or throws something at them unintentionally(W) 23 or, without seeing them, drops on them a stone heavy enough to kill them, and they die, then since that other person was not an enemy and no harm was intended, 24 the assembly(X) must judge between the accused and the avenger of blood according to these regulations. 25 The assembly must protect the one accused of murder from the avenger of blood and send the accused back to the city of refuge to which they fled. The accused must stay there until the death of the high priest,(Y) who was anointed(Z) with the holy oil.(AA)

26 “‘But if the accused ever goes outside the limits of the city of refuge to which they fled 27 and the avenger of blood finds them outside the city, the avenger of blood may kill the accused without being guilty of murder. 28 The accused must stay in the city of refuge until the death of the high priest; only after the death of the high priest may they return to their own property.

29 “‘This is to have the force of law(AB) for you throughout the generations to come,(AC) wherever you live.(AD)

30 “‘Anyone who kills a person is to be put to death as a murderer only on the testimony of witnesses. But no one is to be put to death on the testimony of only one witness.(AE)

31 “‘Do not accept a ransom(AF) for the life of a murderer, who deserves to die. They are to be put to death.

32 “‘Do not accept a ransom for anyone who has fled to a city of refuge and so allow them to go back and live on their own land before the death of the high priest.

33 “‘Do not pollute the land where you are. Bloodshed pollutes the land,(AG) and atonement cannot be made for the land on which blood has been shed, except by the blood of the one who shed it. 34 Do not defile the land(AH) where you live and where I dwell,(AI) for I, the Lord, dwell among the Israelites.’”

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 35:4 That is, about 1,500 feet or about 450 meters
  2. Numbers 35:5 That is, about 3,000 feet or about 900 meters

As cidades dos levitas

35 E falou o Senhor a Moisés nas campinas dos moabitas, junto ao Jordão, de Jericó, dizendo: Dá ordem aos filhos de Israel que, da herança da sua possessão, deem cidades aos levitas, em que habitem; e também aos levitas dareis arrabaldes ao redor delas. E terão estas cidades para habitá-las; porém os seus arrabaldes serão para os seus gados, e para a sua fazenda, e para todos os seus animais. E os arrabaldes das cidades que dareis aos levitas, desde o muro da cidade para fora, serão de mil côvados em redor. E de fora da cidade, da banda do oriente, medireis dois mil côvados, e da banda do sul, dois mil côvados, e da banda do ocidente, dois mil côvados, e da banda do norte, dois mil côvados, e a cidade no meio; isto terão por arrabaldes das cidades. Das cidades, pois, que dareis aos levitas haverá seis cidades de refúgio, as quais dareis para que o homicida ali se acolha; e, além destas, lhes dareis quarenta e duas cidades. Todas as cidades que dareis aos levitas serão quarenta e oito cidades, juntamente com os seus arrabaldes. E as cidades que derdes da herança dos filhos de Israel, do que tiver muito, tomareis muito; e, do que tiver pouco, tomareis pouco; cada um dará das suas cidades aos levitas, segundo a sua herança que herdar.

Seis cidades de refúgio

Falou mais o Senhor a Moisés, dizendo: 10 Fala aos filhos de Israel e dize-lhes: Quando passardes o Jordão à terra de Canaã, 11 fazei com que vos estejam à mão cidades que vos sirvam de cidades de refúgio, para que ali se acolha o homicida que ferir a alguma alma por erro. 12 E estas cidades vos serão por refúgio do vingador do sangue; para que o homicida não morra, até que esteja perante a congregação no juízo. 13 E, das cidades que derdes, haverá seis cidades de refúgio para vós. 14 Três destas cidades dareis daquém do Jordão, e três destas cidades dareis na terra de Canaã; cidades de refúgio serão. 15 Serão de refúgio estas seis cidades para os filhos de Israel, e para o estrangeiro, e para o que se hospedar no meio deles, para que ali se acolha aquele que ferir a alguma pessoa por erro.

16 Porém, se a ferir com instrumento de ferro, e morrer, homicida é; certamente o homicida morrerá. 17 Ou, se a ferir com pedra à mão, de que possa morrer, e ela morrer, homicida é; certamente o homicida morrerá. 18 Ou, se a ferir com instrumento de madeira que tiver na mão, de que possa morrer, e ela morrer, homicida é; certamente morrerá o homicida. 19 O vingador do sangue matará o homicida: encontrando-o, matá-lo-á. 20 Se também a empurrar com ódio, ou com intento lançar contra ele alguma coisa, e morrer; 21 ou por inimizade a ferir com a sua mão, e morrer, certamente morrerá o feridor; homicida é; o vingador do sangue, encontrando o homicida, o matará.

22 Porém, se a empurrar de improviso, sem inimizade, ou contra ela lançar algum instrumento sem desígnio; 23 ou sobre ela fizer cair alguma pedra sem o ver, de que possa morrer, e ela morrer, e ele não era seu inimigo nem procurava o seu mal, 24 então, a congregação julgará entre o feridor e o vingador do sangue, segundo estas leis. 25 E a congregação livrará o homicida da mão do vingador do sangue, e a congregação o fará voltar à cidade do seu refúgio onde se tinha acolhido; e ali ficará até à morte do sumo sacerdote, a quem ungiram com o santo óleo. 26 Porém, se de alguma maneira o homicida sair dos termos da cidade do seu refúgio, onde se tinha acolhido, 27 e o vingador do sangue o achar fora dos termos da cidade do seu refúgio, se o vingador do sangue matar o homicida, não será culpado do sangue. 28 Pois deve ficar na cidade do seu refúgio, até à morte do sumo sacerdote; mas, depois da morte do sumo sacerdote, o homicida voltará à terra da sua possessão. 29 E estas coisas vos serão por estatuto de direito a vossas gerações, em todas as vossas habitações.

30 Todo aquele que ferir a alguma pessoa, conforme o dito das testemunhas, matarão o homicida; mas uma testemunha não testemunhará contra alguém para que morra, 31 e não tomareis expiação pela vida do homicida, que culpado está de morte; antes, certamente morrerá. 32 Também não tomareis expiação por aquele que se acolher à cidade do seu refúgio, para tornar a habitar na terra, até à morte do sumo sacerdote. 33 Assim, não profanareis a terra em que estais; porque o sangue faz profanar a terra; e nenhuma expiação se fará pela terra por causa do sangue que se derramar nela, senão com o sangue daquele que o derramou. 34 Não contaminareis, pois, a terra na qual vós habitareis, no meio da qual eu habitarei; pois eu, o Senhor, habito no meio dos filhos de Israel.