Was ist rein – was unrein? (Markus 7,1‒23)

15 Damals kamen einige Pharisäer und Schriftgelehrte aus Jerusalem zu Jesus und fragten ihn: »Weshalb befolgen deine Jünger unsere überlieferten Speisevorschriften nicht? Sie waschen sich nicht einmal vor dem Essen die Hände.« Jesus fragte zurück: »Und weshalb brecht ihr mit euren Vorschriften die Gebote Gottes?

Gott hat doch gesagt: ›Ehre deinen Vater und deine Mutter!‹ Und an anderer Stelle: ›Wer seinen Vater oder seine Mutter verflucht, der muss sterben.‹[a] Ihr aber behauptet, dass man seinen hilfsbedürftigen Eltern die Unterstützung verweigern darf, wenn man das Geld stattdessen Gott gibt. Dann hätte man Gottes Gebot schon erfüllt und bräuchte nicht weiter für seine Eltern zu sorgen. Doch indem ihr solche Vorschriften aufstellt, setzt ihr das Gebot Gottes außer Kraft! Ihr Heuchler! Wie recht hat Jesaja, wenn er von euch schreibt:

›Dieses Volk ehrt mich mit den Lippen, aber mit dem Herzen sind sie nicht dabei. Ihre Frömmigkeit ist wertlos, weil sie ihre menschlichen Gesetze als meine Gebote ausgegeben haben.‹[b]«

10 Dann rief Jesus die Menschenmenge zu sich: »Hört, was ich euch sage, und begreift doch: 11 Nicht was ein Mensch zu sich nimmt, macht ihn vor Gott unrein, sondern das, was er von sich gibt.«

12 Da traten die Jünger an ihn heran und sagten: »Weißt du, dass du mit deinen Worten die Pharisäer verärgert hast?« 13 Jesus entgegnete: »Jede Pflanze, die nicht von meinem himmlischen Vater gepflanzt worden ist, wird ausgerissen werden. 14 Lasst euch nicht einschüchtern! Sie wollen Blinde führen, sind aber selbst blind. Wenn nun ein Blinder einen anderen Blinden führen will, werden beide in die Grube fallen!«

15 Da sagte Petrus: »Erklär uns doch noch einmal, was einen Menschen unrein macht!« 16 Jesus fragte: »Selbst ihr habt es immer noch nicht begriffen? 17 Wisst ihr denn nicht, dass alles, was ein Mensch zu sich nimmt, zuerst in den Magen kommt und dann wieder ausgeschieden wird? 18 Aber die bösen Worte, die ein Mensch von sich gibt, kommen aus seinem Herzen, und sie sind es, die ihn vor Gott unrein machen! 19 Denn aus dem Herzen kommen böse Gedanken wie Mord[c], Ehebruch, sexuelle Unmoral, Diebstahl, Lüge[d] und Verleumdung. 20 Durch sie wird der Mensch unrein, nicht dadurch, dass man mit ungewaschenen Händen isst.«

Der unerschütterliche Glaube einer nichtjüdischen Frau (Markus 7,24‒30)

21 Danach brach Jesus auf und zog sich in das Gebiet der Städte Tyrus und Sidon zurück. 22 Dort begegnete ihm eine kanaanitische Frau, die in der Nähe wohnte. Laut flehte sie ihn an: »Herr, du Sohn Davids, hab Erbarmen mit mir! Meine Tochter wird von einem bösen Geist furchtbar gequält.« 23 Aber Jesus gab ihr keine Antwort. Seine Jünger drängten ihn: »Erfüll doch ihre Bitte! Sie schreit sonst dauernd hinter uns her.«

24 Jesus entgegnete: »Ich habe nur den Auftrag, den Menschen aus dem Volk Israel zu helfen. Sie sind wie Schafe, die ohne ihren Hirten verloren umherirren.« 25 Die Frau aber kam noch näher, warf sich vor ihm nieder und bettelte: »Herr, hilf mir!« 26 Jesus antwortete wieder: »Es ist nicht richtig, den Kindern das Brot wegzunehmen und es den Hunden hinzuwerfen.« 27 »Ja, Herr«, erwiderte die Frau, »und doch bekommen die Hunde die Krümel, die vom Tisch ihrer Herren herunterfallen.« 28 Da sagte Jesus zu ihr: »Dein Glaube ist groß! Was du willst, soll geschehen.« Im selben Augenblick wurde ihre Tochter gesund.

Jesus heilt viele Kranke (Markus 7,31‒37)

29 Jesus kehrte an den See Genezareth zurück. Er stieg auf einen Berg und setzte sich dort hin, um zu lehren. 30 Da kam eine große Menschenmenge zu Jesus. Unter ihnen waren Gelähmte, Blinde, Verkrüppelte, Stumme und viele andere Kranke. Man legte sie vor seinen Füßen nieder, und er heilte sie alle. 31 Die Menschen konnten es kaum fassen, als sie sahen, dass Stumme zu reden begannen, Verkrüppelte gesund wurden, Gelähmte umhergingen und Blinde sehen konnten. Und sie lobten den Gott Israels.

Viertausend werden satt (Markus 8,1‒10)

32 Danach rief Jesus seine Jünger zu sich und sagte: »Die Leute tun mir leid. Sie sind jetzt schon drei Tage bei mir und haben nichts mehr zu essen. Ich will sie nicht hungrig wegschicken, sie würden sonst vielleicht unterwegs zusammenbrechen.« 33 Darauf erwiderten die Jünger: »Woher sollen wir hier in dieser verlassenen Gegend genügend Brot bekommen, damit so viele Menschen satt werden?« 34 »Wie viele Brote habt ihr denn?«, wollte Jesus wissen. Sie antworteten: »Sieben Brote und ein paar kleine Fische!« 35 Da forderte Jesus die Menschen auf, sich auf den Boden zu setzen. 36 Nun nahm er die sieben Brote und die Fische. Er dankte Gott für das Essen, teilte die Brote und Fische und gab sie den Jüngern, die sie an die Leute weiterreichten. 37-38 Alle aßen und wurden satt; etwa viertausend Männer hatten zu essen bekommen, außerdem viele Frauen und Kinder. Anschließend sammelte man die Reste ein: Sieben große Körbe voll waren noch übrig geblieben.

39 Jetzt erst verabschiedete Jesus die Leute nach Hause. Er selbst aber bestieg ein Boot und fuhr in die Gegend von Magadan[e].

Footnotes

  1. 15,4 2. Mose 20,12; 21,17
  2. 15,9 Jesaja 29,13
  3. 15,19 Oder: kommen böse Gedanken, Mord.
  4. 15,19 Wörtlich: falsche Zeugenaussagen.
  5. 15,39 Wo sich Magadan genau befand, wissen wir heute nicht mehr. Sehr wahrscheinlich handelt es sich um einen Ort, der westlich des Sees Genezareth lag und mit anderem Namen »Dalmanuta« hieß. Vgl. Markus 8,10.

Jesus Challenges the Tradition of the Elders(A)

15 Then some Pharisees and scribes came from Jerusalem to Jesus and asked, “Why do your disciples disregard the tradition of the elders? They don’t wash their hands when they eat.”[a]

But he answered them, “Why do you also disregard the commandment of God because of your tradition? Because God said,[b] ‘You are to honor your father and your mother,’[c] and, ‘Whoever curses father or mother must certainly be put to death.’[d] But you say, ‘Whoever tells his father or his mother, “Whatever support you might have received from me has been given to God,”[e] does not have to honor his father.’[f] Because of your tradition, then, you have disregarded[g] the authority of God’s word.[h] You hypocrites! How well did Isaiah prophesy of you when he said,

‘These people honor me with their lips,
    but their hearts are far from me.
Their worship of me is empty,
    because they teach human rules as doctrines.’”[i]

10 Then calling out to the crowd, he addressed them, “Listen and understand! 11 It is not what goes into the mouth that makes a person unclean. It is what comes out of the mouth that makes a person unclean.”

12 Then the disciples came and asked him, “Do you realize that the Pharisees were offended when they heard this statement?”

13 He replied, “Every plant that my heavenly Father did not plant will be pulled up by the roots. 14 Leave them alone. They are blind guides of the blind.[j] If one blind person leads another blind person, both will fall into a ditch.”

15 Then Peter told him, “Explain to us this[k] parable.”

16 Jesus[l] said, “Are you still so ignorant? 17 Don’t you know that everything that goes into the mouth passes into the stomach and then is expelled as waste? 18 But the things that come out of the mouth come from the heart, and it is those things that make a person unclean. 19 It is out of the heart that evil thoughts come, as well as murder, adultery, sexual immorality, stealing, false testimony, and slander.[m] 20 These are the things that make a person unclean. But eating with unwashed hands doesn’t make a person unclean.”

A Canaanite Woman’s Faith(B)

21 Then Jesus left that place and went to the region of Tyre and Sidon. 22 Suddenly, a Canaanite woman from that territory came near and began to shout, “Have mercy on me, Lord, Son of David! My daughter is severely demon-possessed!” 23 But he didn’t answer her at all.[n]

Then his disciples came up and kept urging him, “Send her away, because she keeps on screaming as she follows[o] us.”

24 But he replied, “I was sent only to the lost sheep of the nation[p] of Israel.”

25 Then she came and fell down before him, saying, “Lord, help me!”

26 He replied, “It’s not right[q] to take the children’s bread and throw it to the puppies.”

27 She said, “Yes, Lord. But even the puppies eat the crumbs that fall from their masters’ tables.”

28 Then Jesus answered her, “Lady,[r] your faith is great! What you want is granted.” That very hour her daughter was healed.

Jesus Heals Many People

29 Jesus left there and went along the Sea of Galilee. Then he went up on a hillside and sat down. 30 Large crowds came to him, bringing with them the lame, the blind, the crippled, those unable to talk, and many others. They placed them at his feet, and he healed them. 31 As a result, the crowd was amazed to see those who were unable to talk speaking, the crippled healed, the lame walking, and the blind seeing. So they praised the God of Israel.

Jesus Feeds More than Four Thousand People(C)

32 Then Jesus called his disciples and said, “I have compassion for the crowd because they have already been with me for three days and have nothing to eat. I don’t want to send them away without food, or they may faint on the road.”

33 The disciples asked him, “Where in the wilderness are we to get enough bread to feed such a crowd?”

34 Jesus asked them, “How many loaves of bread do you have?”

They said, “Seven, and a few small fish.”

35 Ordering the crowd to sit down on the ground, 36 he took the seven loaves and the fish and gave thanks. Then he broke them in pieces and kept giving them to his disciples, and the disciples gave them[s] to the crowds. 37 All of them ate until they were filled, then the disciples[t] picked up what was left of the broken pieces—seven baskets full. 38 Now those who had eaten were four thousand men, besides women and children. 39 After he sent the crowds away, he got into a boat and went to the region of Magadan.[u]

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 15:2 Lit. eat bread
  2. Matthew 15:4 Other mss. read commanded, saying
  3. Matthew 15:4 Cf. Exod 20:12; Deut 5:16
  4. Matthew 15:4 Cf. Exod 21:17; Lev 20:9
  5. Matthew 15:5 Lit. is a gift
  6. Matthew 15:6 Other mss. read his father or his mother
  7. Matthew 15:6 Or invalidated
  8. Matthew 15:6 Other mss. read law; still other mss. read commandment
  9. Matthew 15:9 Cf. Isa 29:13
  10. Matthew 15:14 Other mss. lack of the blind
  11. Matthew 15:15 Other mss. read the
  12. Matthew 15:16 Lit. He
  13. Matthew 15:19 Or blasphemy
  14. Matthew 15:23 Lit. a word
  15. Matthew 15:23 Lit. screaming behind
  16. Matthew 15:24 Lit. house
  17. Matthew 15:26 Other mss. read lawful
  18. Matthew 15:28 Lit. Woman
  19. Matthew 15:36 The Gk. lacks gave them
  20. Matthew 15:37 Lit. they
  21. Matthew 15:39 Other mss. read Magdala

That Which Defiles(A)

15 Then some Pharisees and teachers of the law came to Jesus from Jerusalem and asked, “Why do your disciples break the tradition of the elders? They don’t wash their hands before they eat!”(B)

Jesus replied, “And why do you break the command of God for the sake of your tradition? For God said, ‘Honor your father and mother’[a](C) and ‘Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.’[b](D) But you say that if anyone declares that what might have been used to help their father or mother is ‘devoted to God,’ they are not to ‘honor their father or mother’ with it. Thus you nullify the word of God for the sake of your tradition. You hypocrites! Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you:

“‘These people honor me with their lips,
    but their hearts are far from me.
They worship me in vain;
    their teachings are merely human rules.(E)[c](F)

10 Jesus called the crowd to him and said, “Listen and understand. 11 What goes into someone’s mouth does not defile them,(G) but what comes out of their mouth, that is what defiles them.”(H)

12 Then the disciples came to him and asked, “Do you know that the Pharisees were offended when they heard this?”

13 He replied, “Every plant that my heavenly Father has not planted(I) will be pulled up by the roots. 14 Leave them; they are blind guides.[d](J) If the blind lead the blind, both will fall into a pit.”(K)

15 Peter said, “Explain the parable to us.”(L)

16 “Are you still so dull?”(M) Jesus asked them. 17 “Don’t you see that whatever enters the mouth goes into the stomach and then out of the body? 18 But the things that come out of a person’s mouth come from the heart,(N) and these defile them. 19 For out of the heart come evil thoughts—murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, slander.(O) 20 These are what defile a person;(P) but eating with unwashed hands does not defile them.”

The Faith of a Canaanite Woman(Q)

21 Leaving that place, Jesus withdrew to the region of Tyre and Sidon.(R) 22 A Canaanite woman from that vicinity came to him, crying out, “Lord, Son of David,(S) have mercy on me! My daughter is demon-possessed and suffering terribly.”(T)

23 Jesus did not answer a word. So his disciples came to him and urged him, “Send her away, for she keeps crying out after us.”

24 He answered, “I was sent only to the lost sheep of Israel.”(U)

25 The woman came and knelt before him.(V) “Lord, help me!” she said.

26 He replied, “It is not right to take the children’s bread and toss it to the dogs.”

27 “Yes it is, Lord,” she said. “Even the dogs eat the crumbs that fall from their master’s table.”

28 Then Jesus said to her, “Woman, you have great faith!(W) Your request is granted.” And her daughter was healed at that moment.

Jesus Feeds the Four Thousand(X)(Y)(Z)

29 Jesus left there and went along the Sea of Galilee. Then he went up on a mountainside and sat down. 30 Great crowds came to him, bringing the lame, the blind, the crippled, the mute and many others, and laid them at his feet; and he healed them.(AA) 31 The people were amazed when they saw the mute speaking, the crippled made well, the lame walking and the blind seeing. And they praised the God of Israel.(AB)

32 Jesus called his disciples to him and said, “I have compassion for these people;(AC) they have already been with me three days and have nothing to eat. I do not want to send them away hungry, or they may collapse on the way.”

33 His disciples answered, “Where could we get enough bread in this remote place to feed such a crowd?”

34 “How many loaves do you have?” Jesus asked.

“Seven,” they replied, “and a few small fish.”

35 He told the crowd to sit down on the ground. 36 Then he took the seven loaves and the fish, and when he had given thanks, he broke them(AD) and gave them to the disciples, and they in turn to the people. 37 They all ate and were satisfied. Afterward the disciples picked up seven basketfuls of broken pieces that were left over.(AE) 38 The number of those who ate was four thousand men, besides women and children. 39 After Jesus had sent the crowd away, he got into the boat and went to the vicinity of Magadan.

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 15:4 Exodus 20:12; Deut. 5:16
  2. Matthew 15:4 Exodus 21:17; Lev. 20:9
  3. Matthew 15:9 Isaiah 29:13
  4. Matthew 15:14 Some manuscripts blind guides of the blind