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Marcos 15
Reina-Valera 1960

Jesús ante Pilato

(Mt. 27.1-2,11-14; Lc. 23.1-5; Jn. 18.28-38)

15 Muy de mañana, habiendo tenido consejo los principales sacerdotes con los ancianos, con los escribas y con todo el concilio, llevaron a Jesús atado, y le entregaron a Pilato. 2 Pilato le preguntó: ¿Eres tú el Rey de los judíos? Respondiendo él, le dijo: Tú lo dices. 3 Y los principales sacerdotes le acusaban mucho. 4 Otra vez le preguntó Pilato, diciendo: ¿Nada respondes? Mira de cuántas cosas te acusan. 5 Mas Jesús ni aun con eso respondió; de modo que Pilato se maravillaba.

Jesús sentenciado a muerte

(Mt. 27.15-31; Lc. 23.13-25; Jn. 18.38—19.16)

6 Ahora bien, en el día de la fiesta les soltaba un preso, cualquiera que pidiesen. 7 Y había uno que se llamaba Barrabás, preso con sus compañeros de motín que habían cometido homicidio en una revuelta. 8 Y viniendo la multitud, comenzó a pedir que hiciese como siempre les había hecho. 9 Y Pilato les respondió diciendo: ¿Queréis que os suelte al Rey de los judíos? 10 Porque conocía que por envidia le habían entregado los principales sacerdotes. 11 Mas los principales sacerdotes incitaron a la multitud para que les soltase más bien a Barrabás. 12 Respondiendo Pilato, les dijo otra vez: ¿Qué, pues, queréis que haga del que llamáis Rey de los judíos? 13 Y ellos volvieron a dar voces: ¡Crucifícale! 14 Pilato les decía: ¿Pues qué mal ha hecho? Pero ellos gritaban aún más: ¡Crucifícale! 15 Y Pilato, queriendo satisfacer al pueblo, les soltó a Barrabás, y entregó a Jesús, después de azotarle, para que fuese crucificado.

16 Entonces los soldados le llevaron dentro del atrio, esto es, al pretorio, y convocaron a toda la compañía. 17 Y le vistieron de púrpura, y poniéndole una corona tejida de espinas, 18 comenzaron luego a saludarle: ¡Salve, Rey de los judíos! 19 Y le golpeaban en la cabeza con una caña, y le escupían, y puestos de rodillas le hacían reverencias. 20 Después de haberle escarnecido, le desnudaron la púrpura, y le pusieron sus propios vestidos, y le sacaron para crucificarle.

Crucifixión y muerte de Jesús

(Mt. 27.32-56; Lc. 23.26-49; Jn. 19.17-30)

21 Y obligaron a uno que pasaba, Simón de Cirene, padre de Alejandro y de Rufo,(A) que venía del campo, a que le llevase la cruz. 22 Y le llevaron a un lugar llamado Gólgota, que traducido es: Lugar de la Calavera. 23 Y le dieron a beber vino mezclado con mirra; mas él no lo tomó. 24 Cuando le hubieron crucificado, repartieron entre sí sus vestidos, echando suertes sobre ellos(B) para ver qué se llevaría cada uno. 25 Era la hora tercera cuando le crucificaron. 26 Y el título escrito de su causa era: EL REY DE LOS JUDÍOS. 27 Crucificaron también con él a dos ladrones, uno a su derecha, y el otro a su izquierda. 28 Y se cumplió la Escritura que dice: Y fue contado con los inicuos.(C) 29 Y los que pasaban le injuriaban, meneando la cabeza(D) y diciendo: ¡Bah! tú que derribas el templo de Dios, y en tres días lo reedificas,(E) 30 sálvate a ti mismo, y desciende de la cruz. 31 De esta manera también los principales sacerdotes, escarneciendo, se decían unos a otros, con los escribas: A otros salvó, a sí mismo no se puede salvar. 32 El Cristo, Rey de Israel, descienda ahora de la cruz, para que veamos y creamos. También los que estaban crucificados con él le injuriaban.

33 Cuando vino la hora sexta, hubo tinieblas sobre toda la tierra hasta la hora novena. 34 Y a la hora novena Jesús clamó a gran voz, diciendo: Eloi, Eloi, ¿lama sabactani? que traducido es: Dios mío, Dios mío, ¿por qué me has desamparado?(F) 35 Y algunos de los que estaban allí decían, al oírlo: Mirad, llama a Elías. 36 Y corrió uno, y empapando una esponja en vinagre, y poniéndola en una caña, le dio a beber,(G) diciendo: Dejad, veamos si viene Elías a bajarle. 37 Mas Jesús, dando una gran voz, expiró. 38 Entonces el velo(H) del templo se rasgó en dos, de arriba abajo. 39 Y el centurión que estaba frente a él, viendo que después de clamar había expirado así, dijo: Verdaderamente este hombre era Hijo de Dios.

40 También había algunas mujeres mirando de lejos, entre las cuales estaban María Magdalena, María la madre de Jacobo el menor y de José, y Salomé, 41 quienes, cuando él estaba en Galilea, le seguían y le servían;(I) y otras muchas que habían subido con él a Jerusalén.

Jesús es sepultado

(Mt. 27.57-61; Lc. 23.50-56; Jn. 19.38-42)

42 Cuando llegó la noche, porque era la preparación, es decir, la víspera del día de reposo,[a] 43 José de Arimatea, miembro noble del concilio, que también esperaba el reino de Dios, vino y entró osadamente a Pilato, y pidió el cuerpo de Jesús. 44 Pilato se sorprendió de que ya hubiese muerto; y haciendo venir al centurión, le preguntó si ya estaba muerto. 45 E informado por el centurión, dio el cuerpo a José, 46 el cual compró una sábana, y quitándolo, lo envolvió en la sábana, y lo puso en un sepulcro que estaba cavado en una peña, e hizo rodar una piedra a la entrada del sepulcro. 47 Y María Magdalena y María madre de José miraban dónde lo ponían.

Footnotes

  1. Marcos 15:42 Aquí equivale a sábado.
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Marcos 15
Nueva Versión Internacional

Jesús ante Pilato(A)

15 Muy de mañana, los jefes de los sacerdotes, con los líderes religiosos, los maestros de la Ley y el Consejo en pleno, llegaron a una decisión. Ataron a Jesús, se lo llevaron y se lo entregaron a Pilato.

2 —¿Eres tú el rey de los judíos? —le preguntó Pilato.

—Tú mismo lo dices —respondió.

3 Los jefes de los sacerdotes se pusieron a acusarlo de muchas cosas.

4 —¿No vas a contestar? —preguntó de nuevo Pilato—. Mira de cuántas cosas te están acusando.

5 Pero Jesús ni aun con eso contestó nada, de modo que Pilato se quedó asombrado.

6 Ahora bien, durante la fiesta él acostumbraba a soltar un preso, el que la gente pidiera. 7 Y resulta que un hombre llamado Barrabás estaba encarcelado con los rebeldes condenados por haber cometido homicidio en una rebelión. 8 Subió la multitud y pidió a Pilato que le concediera lo que acostumbraba.

9 —¿Quieren que suelte al rey de los judíos? —respondió Pilato, 10 porque se daba cuenta de que los jefes de los sacerdotes habían entregado a Jesús por envidia.

11 Pero los jefes de los sacerdotes incitaron a la multitud para que Pilato soltara más bien a Barrabás.

12 —¿Y qué voy a hacer con el que ustedes llaman el rey de los judíos? —preguntó Pilato.

13 —¡Crucifícalo! —gritaron.

14 Pilato les preguntó:

—¿Por qué? ¿Qué crimen ha cometido?

Pero ellos gritaban aún más fuerte:

—¡Crucifícalo!

15 Como quería satisfacer a la multitud, Pilato soltó a Barrabás; a Jesús lo mandó azotar y lo entregó para que lo crucificaran.

Los soldados se burlan de Jesús(B)

16 Los soldados llevaron a Jesús al interior del palacio (es decir, al pretorio) y reunieron a toda la tropa. 17 Le pusieron un manto color púrpura; luego trenzaron una corona de espinas y se la colocaron.

18 —¡Viva el rey de los judíos! —lo aclamaban.

19 Lo golpeaban en la cabeza con una vara y lo escupían. Doblando la rodilla, le rendían homenaje. 20 Después de burlarse de él, le quitaron el manto color púrpura, le pusieron su propia ropa y se lo llevaron para crucificarlo.

La crucifixión(C)

21 A uno que pasaba por allí de vuelta del campo, un tal Simón de Cirene, padre de Alejandro y de Rufo, lo obligaron a llevar la cruz. 22 Condujeron a Jesús al lugar llamado Gólgota, que significa «Lugar de la Calavera». 23 Le dieron vino mezclado con mirra, pero no lo tomó. 24 Y lo crucificaron. Repartieron su ropa, echando suertes para ver qué le tocaría a cada uno.

25 Eran las nueve de la mañana[a] cuando lo crucificaron. 26 Un letrero tenía escrita la causa de su condena:

el rey de los judíos.

27 Con él crucificaron a dos bandidos,[b] uno a su derecha y otro a su izquierda. 28 [c] 29 Los que pasaban meneaban la cabeza y blasfemaban contra él:

—¡Eh! Tú que destruyes el Templo y en tres días lo reconstruyes, 30 ¡baja de la cruz y sálvate a ti mismo!

31 De la misma manera se burlaban de él los jefes de los sacerdotes, junto con los maestros de la Ley.

—Salvó a otros —decían—, ¡pero no puede salvarse a sí mismo! 32 Que baje ahora de la cruz ese Cristo, el rey de Israel, para que veamos y creamos.

También lo insultaban los que estaban crucificados con él.

Muerte de Jesús(D)

33 Desde el mediodía y hasta las tres de la tarde toda la tierra quedó en oscuridad. 34 A las tres de la tarde,[d] Jesús gritó con fuerza:

—Eloi, Eloi, ¿lema sabactani? —que significa “Dios mío, Dios mío, ¿por qué me has abandonado?”.[e]

35 Cuando lo oyeron, algunos de los que estaban cerca dijeron:

—Escuchen, está llamando a Elías.

36 Un hombre corrió, empapó una esponja en vinagre, la puso en una vara y se la ofreció a Jesús para que bebiera.

—Déjenlo, a ver si viene Elías a bajarlo —dijo.

37 Entonces Jesús, lanzando un fuerte grito, expiró.

38 La cortina del santuario del Templo se rasgó en dos, de arriba a abajo. 39 Y el centurión, que estaba frente a Jesús, al ver cómo murió, dijo:

—¡Verdaderamente este hombre era el Hijo de Dios!

40 Algunas mujeres miraban desde lejos. Entre ellas estaban María Magdalena, María la madre de Santiago, el menor, y de José y Salomé. 41 Estas mujeres lo habían seguido y atendido cuando estaba en Galilea. Además, había allí muchas otras que habían subido con él a Jerusalén.

Sepultura de Jesús(E)

42 Era el día de preparación, es decir, la víspera del sábado. Así que al atardecer, 43 José de Arimatea, miembro distinguido del Consejo, que también esperaba el reino de Dios, se atrevió a presentarse ante Pilato para pedirle el cuerpo de Jesús. 44 Pilato, sorprendido de que ya hubiera muerto, llamó al centurión y le preguntó si hacía mucho que[f] había muerto. 45 Una vez informado por el centurión, entregó el cuerpo a José. 46 Entonces José bajó el cuerpo, lo envolvió en una sábana de tela de lino que había comprado y lo puso en un sepulcro cavado en la roca. Luego hizo rodar una piedra a la entrada del sepulcro. 47 María Magdalena y María la madre de José vieron dónde lo pusieron.

Footnotes

  1. 15:25 Eran … mañana. Lit. Era la hora tercera.
  2. 15:27 bandidos. Alt. insurgentes.
  3. 15:28 Algunos manuscritos agregan lo siguiente: Así se cumplió la Escritura que dice: «Fue contado entre los malhechores» (Is 53:12; Lc 22:37).
  4. 15:33-34 Desde … tarde. Lit. Y llegando la hora sexta vino oscuridad sobre toda la tierra hasta la hora novena. 34 Y en la hora novena.
  5. 15:34 Sal 22:1.
  6. 15:44 hacía mucho que. Var. ya.
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Marcos 15
Dios Habla Hoy

Jesús ante Pilato(A)

15 Al amanecer, se reunieron los jefes de los sacerdotes con los ancianos y los maestros de la ley: toda la Junta Suprema. Y llevaron a Jesús atado, y se lo entregaron a Pilato. 2 Pilato le preguntó:

—¿Eres tú el Rey de los judíos?

—Tú lo has dicho —contestó Jesús.

3 Como los jefes de los sacerdotes lo acusaban de muchas cosas, 4 Pilato volvió a preguntarle:

—¿No respondes nada? Mira de cuántas cosas te están acusando.

5 Pero Jesús no le contestó; de manera que Pilato se quedó muy extrañado.

Jesús es sentenciado a muerte(B)

6 Durante la fiesta, Pilato dejaba libre un preso, el que la gente pidiera. 7 Un hombre llamado Barrabás estaba entonces en la cárcel, junto con otros que habían cometido un asesinato en una rebelión. 8 La gente llegó, pues, y empezó a pedirle a Pilato que hiciera como tenía por costumbre. 9 Pilato les contestó:

—¿Quieren ustedes que les ponga en libertad al Rey de los judíos?

10 Porque se daba cuenta de que los jefes de los sacerdotes lo habían entregado por envidia. 11 Pero los jefes de los sacerdotes alborotaron a la gente, para que pidieran que les dejara libre a Barrabás. 12 Pilato les preguntó:

—¿Y qué quieren que haga con el que ustedes llaman el Rey de los judíos?

13 Ellos contestaron a gritos:

—¡Crucifícalo!

14 Pilato les dijo:

—Pues ¿qué mal ha hecho?

Pero ellos volvieron a gritar:

—¡Crucifícalo!

15 Entonces Pilato, como quería quedar bien con la gente, dejó libre a Barrabás; y después de mandar que azotaran a Jesús, lo entregó para que lo crucificaran.

16 Los soldados llevaron a Jesús al patio del palacio, llamado pretorio, y reunieron a toda la tropa. 17 Le pusieron una capa de color rojo oscuro, trenzaron una corona de espinas y se la pusieron. 18 Luego comenzaron a gritar:

—¡Viva el Rey de los judíos!

19 Y le golpeaban la cabeza con una vara, lo escupían y, doblando la rodilla, le hacían reverencias. 20 Después de burlarse así de él, le quitaron la capa de color rojo oscuro, le pusieron su propia ropa y lo sacaron para crucificarlo.

Jesús es crucificado(C)

21 Un hombre de Cirene, llamado Simón, padre de Alejandro y de Rufo, llegaba entonces del campo. Al pasar por allí, lo obligaron a cargar con la cruz de Jesús.

22 Llevaron a Jesús a un sitio llamado Gólgota (que significa: «Lugar de la Calavera»); 23 y le dieron vino mezclado con mirra, pero Jesús no lo aceptó. 24 Entonces lo crucificaron. Y los soldados echaron suertes para repartirse entre sí la ropa de Jesús y ver qué se llevaría cada uno.

25 Eran las nueve de la mañana cuando lo crucificaron. 26 Y pusieron un letrero en el que estaba escrita la causa de su condena: «El Rey de los judíos.» 27 Con él crucificaron también a dos bandidos, uno a su derecha y otro a su izquierda.

29 Los que pasaban lo insultaban, meneando la cabeza y diciendo:

—¡Eh, tú, que derribas el templo y en tres días lo vuelves a levantar, 30 sálvate a ti mismo y bájate de la cruz!

31 De la misma manera se burlaban de él los jefes de los sacerdotes y los maestros de la ley. Decían:

—Salvó a otros, pero a sí mismo no puede salvarse. 32 ¡Que baje de la cruz ese Mesías, Rey de Israel, para que veamos y creamos!

Y hasta los que estaban crucificados con él lo insultaban.

Muerte de Jesús(D)

33 Al llegar el mediodía, toda la tierra quedó en oscuridad hasta las tres de la tarde. 34 A esa misma hora, Jesús gritó con fuerza: «Eloí, Eloí, ¿lemá sabactani?» (que significa: «Dios mío, Dios mío, ¿por qué me has abandonado?»)

35 Algunos de los que estaban allí, lo oyeron y dijeron:

—Oigan, está llamando al profeta Elías.

36 Entonces uno de ellos corrió, empapó una esponja en vino agrio, la ató a una caña y se la acercó a Jesús para que bebiera, diciendo:

—Déjenlo, a ver si Elías viene a bajarlo de la cruz.

37 Pero Jesús dio un fuerte grito, y murió. 38 Y el velo del templo se rasgó en dos, de arriba abajo. 39 El capitán romano, que estaba frente a Jesús, al ver que éste había muerto, dijo:

—Verdaderamente este hombre era Hijo de Dios.

40 También había algunas mujeres mirando de lejos; entre ellas estaban María Magdalena, María la madre de Santiago el menor y de José, y Salomé. 41 Estas mujeres habían seguido a Jesús y lo habían ayudado cuando él estaba en Galilea. Además había allí muchas otras que habían ido con él a Jerusalén.

Jesús es sepultado(E)

42 Como ése era día de preparación, es decir, víspera del sábado, y ya era tarde, 43 José, natural de Arimatea y miembro importante de la Junta Suprema, el cual también esperaba el reino de Dios, se dirigió con decisión a Pilato y le pidió el cuerpo de Jesús. 44 Pilato, sorprendido de que ya hubiera muerto, llamó al capitán para preguntarle cuánto tiempo hacía de ello. 45 Cuando el capitán lo hubo informado, Pilato entregó el cuerpo a José. 46 Entonces José compró una sábana de lino, bajó el cuerpo y lo envolvió en ella. Luego lo puso en un sepulcro excavado en la roca, y tapó la entrada del sepulcro con una piedra. 47 María Magdalena y María la madre de José, miraban dónde lo ponían.

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Mark 15
New English Translation

Jesus Brought Before Pilate

15 Early in the morning, after forming a plan, the chief priests with the elders and the experts in the law[a] and the whole Sanhedrin tied Jesus up, led him away, and handed him over to Pilate.[b] 2 So[c] Pilate asked him, “Are you the king[d] of the Jews?” He replied,[e] “You say so.”[f] 3 Then[g] the chief priests began to accuse him repeatedly. 4 So Pilate asked him again,[h] “Have you nothing to say? See how many charges they are bringing against you!” 5 But Jesus made no further reply, so that Pilate was amazed.

Jesus and Barabbas

6 During the feast it was customary to release one prisoner to the people,[i] whomever they requested. 7 A man named Barabbas was imprisoned with rebels who had committed murder during an insurrection. 8 Then the crowd came up and began to ask Pilate to release a prisoner for them, as was his custom.[j] 9 So Pilate asked them,[k] “Do you want me to release the king of the Jews for you?” 10 (For he knew that the chief priests had handed him over because of envy.)[l] 11 But the chief priests stirred up the crowd to have him release[m] Barabbas instead. 12 So Pilate spoke to them again,[n] “Then what do you want me to do[o] with the one you call king of the Jews?” 13 They shouted back, “Crucify[p] him!” 14 Pilate asked them, “Why? What has he done wrong?” But they shouted more insistently, “Crucify him!” 15 Because he wanted to satisfy the crowd, Pilate released Barabbas for them. Then,[q] after he had Jesus flogged,[r] he handed him over[s] to be crucified.

Jesus is Mocked

16 So[t] the soldiers led him into the palace (that is, the governor’s residence)[u] and called together the whole cohort.[v] 17 They put a purple cloak[w] on him and after braiding[x] a crown of thorns,[y] they put it on him. 18 They began to salute him: “Hail, king of the Jews!”[z] 19 Again and again[aa] they struck him on the head with a staff[ab] and spit on him. Then they knelt down and paid homage to him. 20 When they had finished mocking[ac] him, they stripped him of the purple cloak and put his own clothes back on him. Then[ad] they led him away to crucify him.[ae]

The Crucifixion

21 The soldiers[af] forced[ag] a passerby to carry his cross,[ah] Simon of Cyrene, who was coming in from the country[ai] (he was the father of Alexander and Rufus). 22 They brought Jesus[aj] to a place called Golgotha[ak] (which is translated, “Place of the Skull”).[al] 23 They offered him wine mixed with myrrh,[am] but he did not take it. 24 Then[an] they crucified[ao] him and divided his clothes, throwing dice[ap] for them, to decide what each would take. 25 It was nine o’clock in the morning[aq] when they crucified him. 26 The inscription[ar] of the charge against him read, “The king of the Jews.” 27 And they crucified two outlaws with him, one on his right and one on his left.[as] 29 Those who passed by defamed him, shaking their heads and saying, “Aha! You who can destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days, 30 save yourself and come down from the cross!”[at] 31 In the same way even the chief priests—together with the experts in the law[au]—were mocking him among themselves:[av] “He saved others, but he cannot save himself! 32 Let the Christ,[aw] the king of Israel, come down from the cross now, that we may see and believe!” Those who were crucified with him also spoke abusively to him.[ax]

Jesus’ Death

33 Now[ay] when it was noon,[az] darkness came over the whole land[ba] until three in the afternoon.[bb] 34 Around three o’clock[bc] Jesus cried out with a loud voice, “Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?” which means, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”[bd] 35 When some of the bystanders heard it they said, “Listen, he is calling for Elijah!”[be] 36 Then someone ran, filled a sponge with sour wine,[bf] put it on a stick,[bg] and gave it to him to drink, saying, “Leave him alone! Let’s see if Elijah will come to take him down!” 37 But Jesus cried out with a loud voice and breathed his last. 38 And the temple curtain[bh] was torn in two, from top to bottom. 39 Now when the centurion,[bi] who stood in front of him, saw how he died,[bj] he said, “Truly this man was God’s Son!” 40 There were also women, watching from a distance. Among them were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the younger and of Joses,[bk] and Salome. 41 When he was in Galilee, they had followed him and given him support.[bl] Many other women who had come up with him to Jerusalem were there too.

Jesus’ Burial

42 Now[bm] when evening had already come, since it was the day of preparation (that is, the day before the Sabbath),[bn] 43 Joseph of Arimathea, a highly regarded member of the council,[bo] who was himself looking forward to[bp] the kingdom of God,[bq] went boldly to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus.[br] 44 Pilate was surprised that he was already dead. He[bs] called the centurion[bt] and asked him if he had been dead for some time. 45 When Pilate[bu] was informed by the centurion, he gave the body to Joseph. 46 After Joseph[bv] bought a linen cloth[bw] and took down the body, he wrapped it in the linen and placed it in a tomb cut out of the rock.[bx] Then[by] he rolled a stone across the entrance[bz] of the tomb. 47 Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses saw where the body[ca] was placed.

Footnotes

  1. Mark 15:1 tn Or “and the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 1:22.
  2. Mark 15:1 sn The Jews most assuredly wanted to put Jesus to death, but they lacked the authority to do so. For this reason they handed him over to Pilate in hopes of securing a death sentence. The Romans kept close control of the death penalty in conquered territories to prevent it being used to execute Roman sympathizers.
  3. Mark 15:2 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of previous action in the narrative.
  4. Mark 15:2 sn “Are you the king of the Jews?” Pilate was interested in this charge because of its political implications of sedition against Rome.
  5. Mark 15:2 tn Grk “answering, he said to him.” The participle ἀποκριθείς (apokritheis) is redundant, but the syntax of the phrase has been modified for clarity.
  6. Mark 15:2 sn The reply “You say so” is somewhat enigmatic, like Jesus’ earlier reply to the Jewish leadership (mentioned in Matt 26:64 and Luke 22:70).
  7. Mark 15:3 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
  8. Mark 15:4 tn Grk “Pilate asked him again, saying.” The participle λέγων (legōn) is redundant and has not been translated.
  9. Mark 15:6 tn Grk “them”; the referent (the people) has been specified in the translation for clarity.sn The custom of Pilate to release one prisoner to them is unknown outside the gospels in Jewish writings, but it was a Roman custom at the time and thus probably used in Palestine as well (cf. Matt 27:15; John 18:39); see W. W. Wessel, “Mark,” EBC 8:773-74.
  10. Mark 15:8 tn Grk “Coming up the crowd began to ask [him to do] as he was doing for them.”
  11. Mark 15:9 tn Grk “Pilate answered them, saying.” The participle λέγων (legōn) is redundant and has not been translated.
  12. Mark 15:10 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.
  13. Mark 15:11 tn Grk “to have him release for them.”
  14. Mark 15:12 tn Grk “answering, Pilate spoke to them again.” The participle ἀποκριθείς (apokritheis) is redundant and has not been translated.
  15. Mark 15:12 tc Instead of “what do you want me to do” several witnesses, including the most significant ones (א B C W Δ Ψ ƒ1,13 33 892), lack θέλετε (thelete, “you want”), turning the question into the more abrupt “what should I do?” Although the witnesses for the longer reading are not as significant (A D Θ 0250 M latt sy), the reading without θέλετε conforms to Matt 27:22 and thus is suspected of being a scribal emendation. The known scribal tendency to assimilate one synoptic passage to another parallel, coupled with the lack of such assimilation in mss that are otherwise known to do this most frequently (the Western and Byzantine texts), suggests that θέλετε is authentic. Further, Mark’s known style of being generally more verbose and redundant than Matthew’s argues that θέλετε is authentic here. That this is the longer reading, however, and that a good variety of witnesses omit the word, gives one pause. Perhaps the wording without θέλετε would have been perceived as having greater homiletical value, motivating scribes to move in this direction. A decision is difficult, but on the whole internal evidence leads toward regarding θέλετε as authentic.
  16. Mark 15:13 sn Crucifixion was the cruelest form of punishment practiced by the Romans. Roman citizens could not normally undergo it. It was reserved for the worst crimes, like treason and evasion of due process in a capital case. The Roman historian Cicero called it “a cruel and disgusting penalty” (Against Verres 2.5.63-66 §§163-70); Josephus (J. W. 7.6.4 [7.203]) called it the worst of deaths.
  17. Mark 15:15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
  18. Mark 15:15 tn The Greek term φραγελλόω (phragelloō) refers to flogging. BDAG 1064 s.v. states, “flog, scourge, a punishment inflicted on slaves and provincials after a sentence of death had been pronounced on them. So in the case of Jesus before the crucifixion…Mt 27:26; Mk 15:15.”sn A Roman flogging (traditionally, “scourging”) was an excruciating punishment. The victim was stripped of his clothes and bound to a post with his hands fastened above him (or sometimes he was thrown to the ground). Guards standing on either side of the victim would incessantly beat him with a whip (flagellum) made out of leather with pieces of lead and bone inserted into its ends. While the Jews only allowed 39 lashes, the Romans had no such limit; many people who received such a beating died as a result. See C. Schneider, TDNT, 4:515-19.
  19. Mark 15:15 tn Or “delivered him up.”
  20. Mark 15:16 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “So” to indicate that the soldiers’ action is in response to Pilate’s condemnation of the prisoner in v. 15.
  21. Mark 15:16 tn Grk “(that is, the praetorium).” sn The governor’s residence (Grk “praetorium”) was the Roman governor’s official residence. The one in Jerusalem may have been Herod’s palace in the western part of the city, or the fortress Antonia northwest of the temple area.
  22. Mark 15:16 sn A Roman cohort was a tenth of a legion, about 500-600 soldiers.
  23. Mark 15:17 sn The purple cloak probably refers to a military garment which had the color of royal purple, and thus resembled a king’s robe. The soldiers did this to Jesus as a form of mockery in view of the charges that he was a king (cf. 15:2).
  24. Mark 15:17 tn Or “weaving.”
  25. Mark 15:17 sn The crown may have been made from palm spines or some other thorny plant common in Israel. In placing the crown of thorns on his head, the soldiers were unwittingly symbolizing God’s curse on humanity (cf. Gen 3:18) being placed on Jesus. Their purpose would have been to mock Jesus’ claim to be a king; the crown of thorns would have represented the “radiant corona” portrayed on the heads of rulers on coins and other artifacts in the 1st century.
  26. Mark 15:18 tn Or “Long live the King of the Jews!”sn The statement Hail, King of the Jews! is a mockery patterned after the Romans’ cry of Ave, Caesar (“Hail, Caesar!”).
  27. Mark 15:19 tn The verb here has been translated as an iterative imperfect.
  28. Mark 15:19 tn Or “a reed.” The Greek term can mean either “staff” or “reed.” See BDAG 502 s.v. κάλαμος 2.
  29. Mark 15:20 tn The aorist tense is taken consummatively here.
  30. Mark 15:20 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
  31. Mark 15:20 sn See the note on Crucify in 15:13.
  32. Mark 15:21 tn Grk “They”; the referent (the soldiers) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  33. Mark 15:21 tn Or “conscripted”; or “pressed into service.”
  34. Mark 15:21 sn Jesus was beaten severely with a whip before this (the prelude to crucifixion, known to the Romans as verberatio, mentioned in Matt 27:26; Mark 15:15; John 19:1), so he would have been weak from trauma and loss of blood. Apparently he was unable to bear the cross himself, so Simon was conscripted to help (in all probability this was only the crossbeam, called in Latin the patibulum, since the upright beam usually remained in the ground at the place of execution). Cyrene was located in North Africa where Tripoli is today. Nothing more is known about this Simon.
  35. Mark 15:21 tn Or perhaps, “was coming in from his field” outside the city (BDAG 15-16 s.v. ἀγρός 1).
  36. Mark 15:22 tn Grk “him.”
  37. Mark 15:22 tn Grk “a place, Golgotha.” This is an Aramaic name; see John 19:17.
  38. Mark 15:22 sn The place called Golgotha (which is translated “Place of the Skull”). This location is north and just outside of Jerusalem. The hill on which it is located protruded much like a skull, giving the place its name. The Latin word for the Greek term κρανίον (kranion) is calvaria, from which the English word “Calvary” is derived (cf. Luke 23:33 in the KJV).
  39. Mark 15:23 sn It is difficult to say for certain who gave Jesus this drink of wine mixed with myrrh (e.g., the executioner, or perhaps women from Jerusalem). In any case, whoever gave it to him most likely did so in order to relieve his pain, but Jesus was unwilling to take it.
  40. Mark 15:24 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
  41. Mark 15:24 sn See the note on Crucify in 15:13.
  42. Mark 15:24 tn Grk “by throwing the lot” (probably by using marked pebbles or broken pieces of pottery). A modern equivalent, “throwing dice,” was chosen here because of its association with gambling. According to L&N 6.219 a term for “dice” is particularly appropriate.sn An allusion to Ps 22:18.
  43. Mark 15:25 tn Grk “It was the third hour.” This time would have been approximate, and could refer to the beginning of the process, some time before Jesus was lifted on the cross.
  44. Mark 15:26 sn Mention of the inscription is an important detail, because the inscription would normally give the reason for the execution. It shows that Jesus was executed for claiming to be a king. It was also probably written with irony from the executioners’ point of view.
  45. Mark 15:27 tc Most later mss add 15:28 “And the scripture was fulfilled that says, ‘He was counted with the lawless ones.’” Verse 28 is included in L Θ 083 0250 ƒ1,13 33 M lat, but is lacking in significant Alexandrian and Western mss and some others (א A B C D Ψ). The addition of the verse with its quotation from Isa 53:12 probably represents a scribal assimilation from Luke 22:37. It was almost certainly not an original part of Mark’s Gospel. The present translation follows NA28 in omitting the verse number, a procedure also followed by a number of other modern translations.
  46. Mark 15:30 sn There is rich irony in the statement of those who were passing by, “Save yourself and come down from the cross!” In summary, they wanted Jesus to come down from the cross and save his physical life, but it was indeed his staying on the cross and giving his physical life that led to the fact that they could experience a resurrection from death to life. There is a similar kind of irony in the statement made by the chief priests and experts in the law in 15:31.
  47. Mark 15:31 tn Or “with the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 1:22. Only “chief priests” is in the nominative case; this sentence structure attempts to capture this emphasis.
  48. Mark 15:31 tn Grk “Mocking him, the chief priests…said among themselves.”
  49. Mark 15:32 tn Or “the Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”sn See the note on Christ in 8:29.
  50. Mark 15:32 sn Mark’s wording suggests that both of the criminals spoke abusively to him. If so, one of them quickly changed his attitude toward Jesus (see Luke 23:40-43).
  51. Mark 15:33 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
  52. Mark 15:33 tn Grk “When the sixth hour had come.”
  53. Mark 15:33 sn This imagery has parallels to the Day of the Lord: Joel 2:10; Amos 8:9; Zeph 1:15.
  54. Mark 15:33 tn Grk “until the ninth hour.”
  55. Mark 15:34 tn The repetition of the phrase “three o’clock” preserves the author’s rougher, less elegant style (cf. Matt 27:45-46; Luke 23:44). Although such stylistic matters are frequently handled differently in the translation, because the issue of synoptic literary dependence is involved here, it was considered important to reflect some of the stylistic differences among the synoptics in the translation, so that the English reader can be aware of them.
  56. Mark 15:34 sn A quotation from Ps 22:1.
  57. Mark 15:35 sn Perhaps the crowd thought Jesus was calling for Elijah because the exclamation “my God, my God” (i.e., in Aramaic, Eloi, Eloi) sounds like the name Elijah.
  58. Mark 15:36 sn Sour wine refers to cheap wine that was called in Latin posca, a cheap vinegar wine diluted heavily with water. It was the drink of slaves and soldiers, and was probably there for the soldiers who had performed the crucifixion.
  59. Mark 15:36 tn Grk “a reed.”
  60. Mark 15:38 tn The referent of this term, καταπέτασμα (katapetasma), is not entirely clear. It could refer to the curtain separating the holy of holies from the holy place (Josephus, J. W. 5.5.5 [5.219]), or it could refer to one at the entrance of the temple court (Josephus, J. W. 5.5.4 [5.212]). Many argue that the inner curtain is meant because another term, κάλυμμα (kalumma), is also used for the outer curtain. Others see a reference to the outer curtain as more likely because of the public nature of this sign. Either way, the symbolism means that access to God has been opened up. It also pictures a judgment that includes the sacrifices.
  61. Mark 15:39 sn A centurion was a noncommissioned officer in the Roman army or one of the auxiliary territorial armies, commanding a centuria of (nominally) 100 men. The responsibilities of centurions were broadly similar to modern junior officers, but there was a wide gap in social status between them and officers, and relatively few were promoted beyond the rank of senior centurion. The Roman troops stationed in Judea were auxiliaries, who would normally be rewarded with Roman citizenship after 25 years of service. Some of the centurions throughout the region may have served originally in the Roman legions (regular army) and thus gained their citizenship at enlistment. Others may have inherited it, like the apostle Paul did (cf. Acts 22:28).
  62. Mark 15:39 tn Grk “the way he breathed his last”; or “the way he expired”; or “that he thus breathed no more.”
  63. Mark 15:40 sn In Matt 27:56 the name Joses is written as Joseph.
  64. Mark 15:41 tn Grk “and ministered to him.”sn Cf. Luke 8:3.
  65. Mark 15:42 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic and introduction of a new character.
  66. Mark 15:42 sn The day of preparation was the day before the Sabbath when everything had to be prepared for it, as no work could be done on the Sabbath.
  67. Mark 15:43 tn Grk “a councillor” (as a member of the Sanhedrin, see L&N 11.85). This indicates that some individuals among the leaders did respond to Jesus.
  68. Mark 15:43 tn Or “waiting for.”sn Though some dispute that Joseph of Arimathea was a disciple of Jesus, this remark that he was looking forward to the kingdom of God and his actions regarding Jesus’ burial suggest otherwise.
  69. Mark 15:43 sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus’ teaching. The nature of the kingdom of God in the NT and in Jesus’ teaching has long been debated by interpreters and scholars, with discussion primarily centering around the nature of the kingdom (earthly, heavenly, or both) and the kingdom’s arrival (present, future, or both). An additional major issue concerns the relationship between the kingdom of God and the person and work of Jesus himself.
  70. Mark 15:43 sn Asking for the body of Jesus was indeed a bold move on the part of Joseph of Arimathea, for it clearly and openly identified him with a man who had just been condemned and executed, namely, Jesus. His faith is exemplary, especially for someone who was a member of the council that handed Jesus over for crucifixion (cf. Luke 23:51). He did this because he sought to give Jesus an honorable burial.
  71. Mark 15:44 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  72. Mark 15:44 sn See the note on the word centurion in 15:39.
  73. Mark 15:45 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Pilate) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  74. Mark 15:46 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Joseph of Arimathea) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  75. Mark 15:46 tn The term σινδών (sindōn) can refer to a linen cloth used either for clothing or for burial.
  76. Mark 15:46 tn That is, cut or carved into an outcropping of natural rock, resulting in a cave-like structure (see L&N 19.25).
  77. Mark 15:46 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
  78. Mark 15:46 tn Or “to the door,” “against the door.”
  79. Mark 15:47 tn Grk “it”; the referent (Jesus’ body) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
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