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Tranh Luận Về Tục Lệ(A)

Có mấy người Pha-ri-si và các giáo sư Kinh Luật từ Giê-ru-sa-lem xuống, họp nhau cùng đến gặp Đức Giê-su. Họ thấy vài môn đệ của Ngài dùng bữa nhưng tay không thanh sạch, nghĩa là không rửa tay trước khi ăn. (Người Pha-ri-si và cả dân Do Thái đều không ăn nếu không rửa tay theo tục lệ cổ truyền. Khi ở chợ về, nếu không nhúng hẳn tay vào nước theo lệ thanh sạch, họ cũng không ăn. Họ còn giữ nhiều tục lệ khác như thanh tẩy chén bát, bình đất và đồ đồng.) Nên người Pha-ri-si và các giáo sư Kinh Luật chất vấn Ngài: “Tại sao môn-đệ Thầy không giữ lệ của người xưa, dùng tay không thanh sạch mà ăn như thế?”

Ngài đáp: “I-sa đã nói tiên tri rất đúng về các ông, những kẻ đạo đức giả rằng:

‘Dân này tôn kính Ta bằng môi miệng
    Nhưng lòng chúng nó xa cách Ta.
Họ thờ phượng Ta thật vô ích,
    Dạy giới luật con người như là giáo lý,’
Gạt bỏ điều răn của Đức Chúa Trời
    Để giữ tục lệ của loài người.”[a]

Ngài còn thêm rằng: “Các ông đã khéo léo gạt bỏ điều răn của Đức Chúa Trời để giữ tục lệ của mình, 10 vì Môi-se đã nói: ‘Hãy hiếu kính cha mẹ ngươi’[b] và ‘ai nguyền rủa cha mẹ thì phải bị xử tử,’[c] 11 nhưng các ông lại bảo: ‘Một người thưa với cha mẹ rằng những gì mình có để phụng dưỡng cha mẹ thì đã kể là co-ban’ (nghĩa là đã dâng cho Đức Chúa Trời). 12 Các ông không còn cho người ấy báo hiếu cha mẹ nữa. 13 Vì giữ các tục lệ cổ truyền, các ông đã làm cho đạo của Đức Chúa Trời trở thành vô hiệu. Các ông còn làm nhiều điều tương tự khác nữa.”

Ô Uế Và Tinh Sạch(B)

14 Sau đó Ngài lại gọi dân chúng đến và phán dạy: “Hết thảy hãy lắng nghe Ta và tìm hiểu: 15 Người ta bị ô uế không phải vì những gì từ ngoài vào, nhưng những gì từ trong ra mới làm cho người ô uế. 16 Nếu ai có tai để nghe, hãy lắng nghe.”[d]

17 Khi Ngài rời khỏi đám đông và vào trong nhà, môn đệ hỏi Ngài về ngụ ngôn ấy. 18 Ngài bảo họ: “Đến các con mà cũng không hiểu được à? Sao các con chẳng biết rằng không vật gì từ ngoài vào có thể làm ô uế con người được. 19 Vì nó không vào trong tâm hồn người ta, chỉ xuống bụng rồi bài tiết ra nơi kín đáo.” Như vậy Chúa tuyên bố tất cả thực phẩm đều thanh sạch.

20 Ngài lại tiếp: “Chính điều phát xuất từ tâm địa mới làm cho người bị ô uế, 21 vì từ bên trong, vì từ tâm hồn con người mà ra những ác tưởng, gian dâm, trộm cắp, sát nhân, 22 ngoại tình, tham lam, độc ác, lừa dối, phóng đãng, ganh ghét, phỉ báng, kiêu căng, ngông cuồng. 23 Tất cả những việc xấu xa này đều phát xuất từ bên trong và làm ô uế con người.”

Người Đàn Bà Ca-na-an(C)

24 Sau đó, Ngài rời nơi ấy để vào miền Ty-rơ. Ngài vào một ngôi nhà, không muốn cho ai biết, nhưng không sao giấu được. 25 Vừa nghe Ngài đến, một người đàn bà có con gái nhỏ bị tà linh ám đến quỳ dưới chân Ngài. 26 Bà là người Hy Lạp thuộc sắc dân Sy-ri Phê-ni-xi. Bà van xin Ngài đuổi quỷ ra khỏi con gái mình.

27 Ngài bảo bà rằng: “Hãy để con cái ăn no nê đã, vì không lẽ lấy bánh của con mà ném cho chó con.”

28 Bà thưa: “Lạy Chúa, đúng như vậy, nhưng chó con dưới bàn ăn những miếng bánh vụn của con cái.”

29 Chúa bảo bà: “Bà đã nói thế thì hãy về đi, quỷ đã ra khỏi con gái bà rồi.”

30 Về đến nhà, bà thấy con gái mình đang nằm trên giường và quỷ đã ra khỏi.

Đức Giê-su Chữa Người Điếc Và Ngọng

31 Đức Giê-su lại rời thành phố miền Ty-rơ đi ngang qua thành Sy-đôn hướng đến vùng biển Ga-li-lê để vào miền Mười Thành. 32 Người ta đem đến cho Ngài một người điếc và ngọng, nài xin Ngài đặt tay chữa trị.

33 Ngài dắt anh ấy ra khỏi đám đông rồi đặt ngón tay vào lỗ tai và nhổ nước miếng thấm vào lưỡi anh. 34 Ngài ngước mắt lên trời, thở dài và bảo người: “Ép-pha-ta!” Nghĩa là: “Hãy mở ra.” 35 Tức thì tai anh mở ra, lưỡi được thong thả và anh nói rõ ràng.

36 Ngài cấm dân chúng không được thuật chuyện đó với ai, nhưng Ngài càng cấm họ lại càng đồn ra. 37 Dân chúng vô cùng ngạc nhiên và nói: “Ngài làm điều gì cũng tốt lành, khiến cả kẻ điếc nghe và người câm nói được.”

Footnotes

  1. 7:8 Isa 29:13
  2. 7:10 Xuất 20:12; Phục 5:16
  3. 7:10 Xuất 21:17; Lê 20:9
  4. 7:16 Nhiều bản cổ không có câu 16

Traditions and Commandments

(A)Now when the Pharisees gathered to him, with some of the scribes (B)who had come from Jerusalem, they saw that some of his disciples ate with hands that were (C)defiled, that is, unwashed. (For the Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat unless they wash their hands properly,[a] holding to (D)the tradition of (E)the elders, and when they come from the marketplace, they do not eat unless they wash.[b] And there are many other traditions that they observe, such as (F)the washing of (G)cups and pots and copper vessels and dining couches.[c]) And the Pharisees and the scribes asked him, “Why do your disciples not walk according to (H)the tradition of (I)the elders, (J)but eat with (K)defiled hands?” And he said to them, “Well did Isaiah prophesy of you (L)hypocrites, as it is written,

(M)“‘This people honors me with their lips,
    but their heart is far from me;
in vain do they worship me,
    teaching as (N)doctrines the commandments of men.’

You leave the commandment of God and hold to the tradition of men.”

And he said to them, “You have a fine way of (O)rejecting the commandment of God in order to establish your tradition! 10 For Moses said, (P)‘Honor your father and your mother’; and, (Q)‘Whoever reviles father or mother must surely die.’ 11 But you say, ‘If a man tells his father or his mother, “Whatever you would have gained from me is Corban”’ (that is, given to God)[d] 12 then you no longer permit him to do anything for his father or mother, 13 thus (R)making void the word of God by your tradition that you have handed down. And many such things you do.”

What Defiles a Person

14 And he called the people to him again and said to them, (S)“Hear me, all of you, and understand: 15 (T)There is nothing outside a person that by going into him can defile him, but the things that come out of a person are what defile him.”[e] 17 And when he had entered (U)the house and left the people, (V)his disciples asked him about the parable. 18 And he said to them, “Then (W)are you also without understanding? Do you not see that whatever goes into a person from outside cannot defile him, 19 since it enters not his heart (X)but his stomach, and is expelled?”[f] ((Y)Thus he declared all foods clean.) 20 And he said, (Z)“What comes out of a person is what defiles him. 21 For from within, out of the heart of man, come evil thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, (AA)murder, adultery, 22 coveting, wickedness, deceit, (AB)sensuality, (AC)envy, (AD)slander, (AE)pride, (AF)foolishness. 23 (AG)All these evil things come from within, and they defile a person.”

The Syrophoenician Woman's Faith

24 And from there he arose and went away to the region of Tyre and Sidon.[g] And he entered a house and did not want anyone to know, yet he could not be hidden. 25 But immediately a woman whose little daughter had an unclean spirit heard of him and came and fell down at his feet. 26 (AH)Now the woman was a (AI)Gentile, (AJ)a Syrophoenician by birth. And she begged him to cast the demon out of her daughter. 27 And he said to her, “Let the children be (AK)fed first, for it is not right to take the children's bread and (AL)throw it to the dogs.” 28 But she answered him, “Yes, Lord; yet even the dogs under the table eat the children's (AM)crumbs.” 29 And he said to her, “For this statement you may (AN)go your way; the demon has left your daughter.” 30 And she went home and found the child lying in bed and the demon gone.

Jesus Heals a Deaf Man

31 (AO)Then he returned from the region of Tyre and went through Sidon to (AP)the Sea of Galilee, in the region of the (AQ)Decapolis. 32 And they brought to him (AR)a man who was deaf and (AS)had a speech impediment, and they begged him to (AT)lay his hand on him. 33 And (AU)taking him aside from the crowd privately, he put his fingers into his ears, and (AV)after spitting touched his tongue. 34 And (AW)looking up to heaven, (AX)he sighed and said to him, “Ephphatha,” that is, “Be opened.” 35 (AY)And his ears were opened, his tongue was released, and he spoke plainly. 36 And (AZ)Jesus[h] charged them to tell no one. But (BA)the more he charged them, the more zealously they proclaimed it. 37 And they were (BB)astonished beyond measure, saying, “He has done all things well. He even makes the deaf hear and the mute speak.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 7:3 Greek unless they wash the hands with a fist, probably indicating a kind of ceremonial washing
  2. Mark 7:4 Greek unless they baptize; some manuscripts unless they purify themselves
  3. Mark 7:4 Some manuscripts omit and dining couches
  4. Mark 7:11 Or an offering
  5. Mark 7:15 Some manuscripts add verse 16: If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear
  6. Mark 7:19 Greek goes out into the latrine
  7. Mark 7:24 Some manuscripts omit and Sidon
  8. Mark 7:36 Greek he

Defilement Comes from Within(A)

Then (B)the Pharisees and some of the scribes came together to Him, having come from Jerusalem. Now [a]when they saw some of His disciples eat bread with defiled, that is, with (C)unwashed hands, [b]they found fault. For the Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat unless they wash their hands [c]in a special way, holding the (D)tradition of the elders. When they come from the marketplace, they do not eat unless they wash. And there are many other things which they have received and hold, like the washing of cups, pitchers, copper vessels, and couches.

(E)Then the Pharisees and scribes asked Him, “Why do Your disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with unwashed hands?”

He answered and said to them, “Well did Isaiah prophesy of you (F)hypocrites, as it is written:

(G)‘This people honors Me with their lips,
But their heart is far from Me.
And in vain they worship Me,
Teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’

For laying aside the commandment of God, you hold the tradition of men—[d]the washing of pitchers and cups, and many other such things you do.”

He said to them, All too well (H)you [e]reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition. 10 For Moses said, (I)‘Honor your father and your mother’; and, (J)‘He who curses father or mother, let him be put to death.’ 11 But you say, ‘If a man says to his father or mother, (K)“Whatever profit you might have received from me is Corban”—’ (that is, a gift to God), 12 then you no longer let him do anything for his father or his mother, 13 making the word of God of no effect through your tradition which you have handed down. And many such things you do.”

14 (L)When He had called all the multitude to Himself, He said to them, “Hear Me, everyone, and (M)understand: 15 There is nothing that enters a man from outside which can defile him; but the things which come out of him, those are the things that (N)defile a man. 16 (O)If[f] anyone has ears to hear, let him hear!”

17 (P)When He had entered a house away from the crowd, His disciples asked Him concerning the parable. 18 So He said to them, (Q)“Are you thus without understanding also? Do you not perceive that whatever enters a man from outside cannot defile him, 19 because it does not enter his heart but his stomach, and is eliminated, [g]thus purifying all foods?” 20 And He said, (R)“What comes out of a man, that defiles a man. 21 (S)For from within, out of the heart of men, (T)proceed evil thoughts, (U)adulteries, (V)fornications, murders, 22 thefts, (W)covetousness, wickedness, (X)deceit, (Y)lewdness, an evil eye, (Z)blasphemy, (AA)pride, foolishness. 23 All these evil things come from within and defile a man.”

A Gentile Shows Her Faith(AB)

24 (AC)From there He arose and went to the region of Tyre [h]and Sidon. And He entered a house and wanted no one to know it, but He could not be (AD)hidden. 25 For a woman whose young daughter had an unclean spirit heard about Him, and she came and (AE)fell at His feet. 26 The woman was a [i]Greek, a [j]Syro-Phoenician by birth, and she kept [k]asking Him to cast the demon out of her daughter. 27 But Jesus said to her, “Let the children be filled first, for it is not good to take the children’s bread and throw it to the little dogs.”

28 And she answered and said to Him, “Yes, Lord, yet even the little dogs under the table eat from the children’s crumbs.”

29 Then He said to her, “For this saying go your way; the demon has gone out of your daughter.”

30 And when she had come to her house, she found the demon gone out, and her daughter lying on the bed.

Jesus Heals a Deaf-Mute(AF)

31 (AG)Again, departing from the region of Tyre and Sidon, He came through the midst of the region of Decapolis to the Sea of Galilee. 32 Then (AH)they brought to Him one who was deaf and had an impediment in his speech, and they begged Him to put His hand on him. 33 And He took him aside from the multitude, and put His fingers in his ears, and (AI)He spat and touched his tongue. 34 Then, (AJ)looking up to heaven, (AK)He sighed, and said to him, “Ephphatha,” that is, “Be opened.”

35 (AL)Immediately his ears were opened, and the [l]impediment of his tongue was loosed, and he spoke plainly. 36 Then (AM)He commanded them that they should tell no one; but the more He commanded them, the more widely they proclaimed it. 37 And they were (AN)astonished beyond measure, saying, “He has done all things well. He (AO)makes both the deaf to hear and the mute to speak.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 7:2 NU omits when
  2. Mark 7:2 NU omits they found fault
  3. Mark 7:3 Lit. with the fist
  4. Mark 7:8 NU omits the rest of v. 8.
  5. Mark 7:9 set aside
  6. Mark 7:16 NU omits v. 16.
  7. Mark 7:19 NU sets off the final phrase as Mark’s comment that Jesus has declared all foods clean.
  8. Mark 7:24 NU omits and Sidon
  9. Mark 7:26 Gentile
  10. Mark 7:26 A Syrian of Phoenicia
  11. Mark 7:26 begging
  12. Mark 7:35 Lit. bond