Leviticus 6:2-4
New English Translation
2 “When a person sins and commits a trespass[a] against the Lord by deceiving his fellow citizen[b] in regard to something held in trust, or a pledge, or something stolen, or by extorting something from his fellow citizen,[c] 3 or has found something lost and denies it and swears falsely[d] concerning any one of the things that someone might do to sin[e]— 4 when it happens that he sins and he is found guilty[f] then he must return whatever he had stolen, or whatever he had extorted, or the thing that he had held in trust,[g] or the lost thing that he had found,
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- Leviticus 6:2 tn Heb “trespasses a trespass” (verb and direct object from the same Hebrew root מַעַל, maʿal). See the note on 5:15.
- Leviticus 6:2 tn Or “neighbor” (ASV, NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT); NASB “companion”; TEV “a fellow-Israelite.”
- Leviticus 6:2 tn Heb “has extorted his neighbor”; ASV “oppressed”; NRSV “defrauded.”
- Leviticus 6:3 tn Heb “and swears on falsehood”; cf. CEV “deny something while under oath.”
- Leviticus 6:3 tn Heb “on one from all which the man shall do to sin in them.”
- Leviticus 6:4 tn Heb “and it shall happen, when he sins and becomes guilty,” which is both resumptive of the previous (vv. 2-3) and the conclusion to the protasis (cf. “then” introducing the next clause as the apodosis). In this case, “becomes guilty” (cf. NASB, NIV) probably refers to his legal status as one who has been convicted of a crime in court; thus the translation “he is found guilty.” See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:559-61.
- Leviticus 6:4 tn Heb “that had been held in trust with him.”
Leviticus 14:12
New English Translation
12 “The priest is to take one male lamb[a] and present it for a guilt offering[b] along with the log of olive oil and present them as a wave offering before the Lord.[c]
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- Leviticus 14:12 tn Heb “And the priest shall take the one lamb.”
- Leviticus 14:12 tn See the note on Lev 5:15 above. The primary purpose of the “guilt offering” (אָשָׁם, ʾasham) was to “atone” (כִּפֶּר, kipper, “to make atonement,” see v. 18 below and the note on Lev 1:4) for “trespassing” on the Lord’s “holy things,” whether sacred objects or sacred people. It is, therefore, closely associated with the reconsecration of the Lord’s holy people as, for example, here and in the case of the corpse contaminated Nazirite (Num 6:11b-12). Since the nation of Israel was “a kingdom of priests and a holy nation” to the Lord (Exod 19:6; cf. the blood splashed on all the people in Exod 24:8), the skin diseased person was essentially a member of the “holy nation” who had been expelled from the community. Therefore, he or she had been desecrated and the guilt offering was essential to restoring him or her to the community. In fact, the manipulation of blood and oil in the guilt offering ritual procedure for the healed person (see vv. 14-18 below) is reminiscent of that employed for the ordination offering in the consecration of the holy Aaronic priests of the nation (Exod 29:19-21; Lev 8:22-30).
- Leviticus 14:12 tn Heb “wave them [as] a wave offering before the Lord” (NAB similar). See the note on Lev 7:30 and the literature cited there. Other possible translations include “elevate them [as] an elevation offering before the Lord” (cf. NRSV) or “present them [as] a presentation offering before the Lord.” To be sure, the actual physical “waving” of a male lamb seems unlikely, but some waving gesture may have been performed in the presentation of the offering (cf. also the “waving” of the Levites as a “wave offering” in Num 8:11, etc.).
Leviticus 19:21
New English Translation
21 He must bring his guilt offering to the Lord at the entrance of the Meeting Tent, a guilt offering ram,[a]
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- Leviticus 19:21 sn On the guilt offering see the note on Lev 5:15 above.
Numbers 6:12
New English Translation
12 He must rededicate[a] to the Lord the days of his separation and bring a male lamb in its first year as a reparation offering,[b] but the former days will not be counted[c] because his separation[d] was defiled.
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- Numbers 6:12 tn The same idea is to be found now in the use of the word נָזַר (nazar), which refers to a recommitment after the vow was interrupted.
- Numbers 6:12 tn The necessity of bringing the reparation offering was due to the reinstatement into the vow that had been interrupted.
- Numbers 6:12 tn Heb “will fall”; KJV “shall be lost”; ASV, NASB, NRSV “shall be void.”
- Numbers 6:12 tc The similar expression in v. 9 includes the word “head” (i.e., “his consecrated head”). The LXX includes this word in v. 12 as well.
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