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Joshua 8
New English Translation

Israel Conquers Ai

8 The Lord told Joshua, “Don’t be afraid and don’t panic![a] Take the whole army with you and march against Ai![b] See, I am handing over to you[c] the king of Ai, along with his people, city, and land. 2 Do to Ai and its king what you did to Jericho and its king, except you may plunder its goods and cattle. Set an ambush behind the city.”

3 Joshua and the whole army marched against Ai.[d] Joshua selected 30,000 brave warriors and sent them out at night. 4 He ordered them, “Look, set an ambush behind the city. Don’t go very far from the city; all of you be ready! 5 I and all the troops[e] who are with me will approach the city. When they come out to fight us like before, we will retreat from them. 6 They will attack[f] us until we have lured them from the city, for they will say, ‘They are retreating from us like before.’ We will retreat from them. 7 Then you rise up from your hiding place[g] and seize[h] the city. The Lord your God will hand it over to you. 8 When you capture the city, set it[i] on fire in keeping with the Lord’s message. See, I have given you orders.”[j] 9 Joshua sent them away and they went to their hiding place[k] west of Ai, between Bethel and Ai.[l] Joshua spent that night with the army.[m]

10 Bright and early the next morning Joshua gathered[n] the army,[o] and he and the leaders[p] of Israel marched[q] at the head of it[r] to Ai. 11 All the troops that were with him marched up and drew near the city.[s] They camped north of Ai on the other side of the valley.[t] 12 He took 5,000 men and set an ambush west of the city between Bethel and Ai. 13 The army was in position—the main army north of the city and the rear guard west of the city. That night Joshua went into[u] the middle of the valley.

14 When the king of Ai and all his people saw Israel, they rushed to get up early. Then the king and the men of the city went out to meet Israel in battle, at the meeting place near the rift valley.[v] But he did not realize an ambush was waiting for him behind the city.[w] 15 Joshua and all Israel pretended to be defeated by them, and they retreated along the way to the wilderness. 16 All the reinforcements[x] in Ai[y] were ordered[z] to chase them; they chased Joshua and were lured away from the city. 17 No men were left in Ai or Bethel;[aa] they all went out after Israel.[ab] They left the city wide open and chased Israel.

18 The Lord told Joshua, “Hold out toward Ai the curved sword[ac] in your hand, for I am handing the city[ad] over to you.” So Joshua held out toward Ai the curved sword in his hand. 19 When he held out his hand, the men waiting in ambush rose up quickly from their place and attacked.[ae] They entered the city, captured it, and immediately set it on fire. 20 When the men of Ai turned around, they saw[af] the smoke from the city ascending into the sky and were so shocked they were unable to flee in any direction.[ag] In the meantime the men who were retreating to the wilderness turned against their pursuers. 21 When Joshua and all Israel saw that the men in ambush had captured the city and that the city was going up in smoke,[ah] they turned around and struck down the men of Ai. 22 At the same time the men who had taken the city came out to fight, and the men of Ai were trapped in the middle.[ai] The Israelites struck them down, leaving no survivors or refugees. 23 But they captured the king of Ai alive and brought him to Joshua.

24 When Israel had finished killing all the men[aj] of Ai who had chased them toward the wilderness[ak] (they all fell by the sword),[al] all Israel returned to Ai and put the sword to it. 25 So 12,000 men and women died[am] that day, including all the men of Ai. 26 Joshua kept holding out his curved sword until Israel had annihilated all who lived in Ai.[an] 27 But Israel did plunder the cattle and the goods of the city, in keeping with the Lord’s orders[ao] to Joshua. 28 Joshua burned Ai and made it a permanently uninhabited mound (it remains that way to this very day).[ap] 29 He hung the king of Ai on a tree, leaving him exposed until evening.[aq] At sunset Joshua ordered that his corpse be taken down from the tree.[ar] They threw it down at the entrance of the city gate and erected over it a large pile of stones (it remains to this very day).[as]

Covenant Renewal

30 Then Joshua built an altar for the Lord God of Israel on Mount Ebal, 31 just as Moses the Lord’s servant had commanded the Israelites. As described in the law scroll of Moses, it was made with uncut stones untouched by an iron tool.[at] On it they offered burnt sacrifices to the Lord and sacrificed tokens of peace.[au] 32 There, in the presence of the Israelites, Joshua inscribed on the stones a duplicate of the law written by Moses.[av] 33 All the people,[aw] rulers,[ax] leaders, and judges were standing on either side of the ark, in front of the Levitical priests who carried the ark of the covenant of the Lord. Both resident foreigners and native Israelites were there.[ay] Half the people stood in front of Mount Gerizim and the other half in front of Mount Ebal, as Moses the Lord’s servant had previously instructed them to do for the formal blessing ceremony.[az] 34 Then[ba] Joshua read aloud all the words of the law, including the blessings and the curses, just as they are written in the law scroll. 35 Joshua read aloud every commandment Moses had given[bb] before the whole assembly of Israel, including the women, children, and resident foreigners who lived among them.[bc]

Footnotes

  1. Joshua 8:1 tn Or perhaps “and don’t get discouraged!”
  2. Joshua 8:1 tn Heb “Take with you all the people of war and arise, go up against Ai!”
  3. Joshua 8:1 tn Heb “I have given into our hand.” The verbal form, a perfect, is probably best understood as a perfect of certitude, indicating the certainty of the action.
  4. Joshua 8:3 tn “And Joshua and all the people of war arose to go up [against] Ai.”
  5. Joshua 8:5 tn Heb “the people.”
  6. Joshua 8:6 tn Heb “come out after.”
  7. Joshua 8:7 tn Heb “from the ambush.”
  8. Joshua 8:7 tn Heb “take possession of.”
  9. Joshua 8:8 tn Heb “the city.”
  10. Joshua 8:8 tn Heb “I have commanded you.”
  11. Joshua 8:9 tn Or “the place of ambush.”
  12. Joshua 8:9 tn Heb “and they stayed between Bethel and Ai, west of Ai.”
  13. Joshua 8:9 tn Heb “in the midst of the people.”
  14. Joshua 8:10 tn Or “summoned, mustered.”
  15. Joshua 8:10 tn Heb “the people.”
  16. Joshua 8:10 tn Or “elders.”
  17. Joshua 8:10 tn Heb “went up.”
  18. Joshua 8:10 tn Heb “them” (referring to “the people” in the previous clause, which requires a plural pronoun). Since the translation used “army” in the previous clause, a singular pronoun (“it”) is required in English.
  19. Joshua 8:11 tn Heb “All the people of war who were with him went up and approached and came opposite the city.”
  20. Joshua 8:11 tn Heb “and the valley [was] between them and Ai.”
  21. Joshua 8:13 tn Some Hebrew mss read, “spent the night in.”
  22. Joshua 8:14 sn This probably refers to the hill country at the edge of the rift valley between Ai and Jericho. This part of the battle was probably engaged where Israel would have come up to the hill country out of the rift valley from Jericho, an ascent of about 4000 feet (with ups and downs) over ten miles.
  23. Joshua 8:14 tn Heb “did not know that an ambush for him was behind the city.”
  24. Joshua 8:16 tn Heb “All the people.”
  25. Joshua 8:16 tc Some textual witnesses read “the city.”
  26. Joshua 8:16 tn Or “were summoned”; or “were mustered.”
  27. Joshua 8:17 tc The LXX omits the words “or Bethel.”
  28. Joshua 8:17 tn Heb “who did not go out after Israel.”
  29. Joshua 8:18 tn Traditionally “spear,” but see HALOT 472 s.v. כִּידוֹן, which argues based upon evidence from the Dead Sea Scrolls that this term refers to a curved sword of some type; note the definition “scimitar” given there.
  30. Joshua 8:18 tn Heb “it”; the referent (the city of Ai) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  31. Joshua 8:19 tn Heb “and ran.”
  32. Joshua 8:20 tn Heb “and they saw, and look.” The Hebrew term הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”) draws attention to the scene and invites the audience to view the events from the perspective of the men of Ai.
  33. Joshua 8:20 tn Heb “and there was not in them hands to flee here or there.” The Hebrew term יָדַיִם (yadayim, “hands”) is idiomatic for “strength.”
  34. Joshua 8:21 tn Heb “and that the smoke of the city ascended.”
  35. Joshua 8:22 tn Heb “and these went out from the city to meet them and they were for Israel in the middle, some on this side, and others on the other side.”
  36. Joshua 8:24 tn Heb “residents.”
  37. Joshua 8:24 tn Heb “in the field, in the wilderness in which they chased them.”
  38. Joshua 8:24 tc Heb “and all of them fell by the edge of the sword until they were destroyed.” The LXX omits the words, “and all of them fell by the edge of the sword.” They may represent a later scribal addition.
  39. Joshua 8:25 tn Heb “fell.”
  40. Joshua 8:26 tn Heb “Joshua did not draw back his hand which held out the curved sword until he had annihilated all the residents of Ai.”
  41. Joshua 8:27 tn Heb “message, word.”
  42. Joshua 8:28 tn Heb “and made it a permanent mound, a desolation, to this day.”
  43. Joshua 8:29 tn Heb “on a tree until evening.” The words “leaving him exposed” are supplied in the translation for clarity.
  44. Joshua 8:29 sn For the legal background of this action, see Deut 21:22-23.
  45. Joshua 8:29 tn Heb “to this day.”
  46. Joshua 8:31 tn Heb “as it is written in the scroll of the law of Moses, an altar of whole stones on which no one had wielded iron.” The expression “whole stones” refers to stones in their natural condition, i.e., not carved or shaped artificially with tools (“wielded iron”).
  47. Joshua 8:31 tn Or “peace offerings.”
  48. Joshua 8:32 tn Heb “and he wrote there on the stones a duplicate of the law of Moses which he wrote before the sons of Israel.”
  49. Joshua 8:33 tn Heb “All Israel.”
  50. Joshua 8:33 tn Or “elders.”
  51. Joshua 8:33 tn Heb “like the resident foreigner, like the citizen.” The language is idiomatic, meaning that both groups were treated the same, at least in this instance.
  52. Joshua 8:33 tn Heb “as Moses, the Lord’s servant, commanded to bless the people, Israel, formerly.”sn Moses’ earlier instructions are found in Deut 11:29.
  53. Joshua 8:34 tn Or “afterward.”
  54. Joshua 8:35 tn Heb “There was not a word from all which Moses commanded that Joshua did not read aloud.”
  55. Joshua 8:35 tn Heb “walked in their midst.”
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约书亚记 8
Chinese New Version (Traditional)

約書亞再攻艾城

8 耶和華對約書亞說：“你不要懼怕，也不要驚慌，你只管帶領所有能作戰的人，起來上艾城去；你看，我已經把艾城的王和他的人民、城市、土地都交在你手裡了。 2 你怎樣對待耶利哥和耶利哥的王，也要照樣對待艾城和艾城的王；只是城中的戰利品和牲畜，你們可以據為己有；你要在城後面設下攻城的伏兵。”

3 於是，約書亞和所有能作戰的人都起來上艾城去；約書亞選了三萬英勇的戰士，趁夜派他們出去， 4 吩咐他們說：“你們注意，要在城後面埋伏攻城；不可離城太遠，人人都要作好準備。 5 我和所有與我一起的人，要向城推進。城裡的人像前一次出來攻擊我們的時候，我們就在他們面前逃跑； 6 他們必定出來追趕我們，我們就把他們引出城來，因為他們必定說：‘這些人像前一次一樣在我們面前逃跑了。’所以我們要在他們面前逃跑。 7 那時你們就要從埋伏的地方起來，佔領那城，因為耶和華你們的　神必把城交在你們的手裡。 8 你們佔領了城以後，就要放火燒城；要照著耶和華的話行事；你們要謹慎，我已經吩咐你們了。” 9 約書亞差派他們去了，他們就上到埋伏的地方去，住在伯特利和艾城的中間，就是在艾城的西邊。那一夜，約書亞卻在人民中間住宿。

10 約書亞清早起來，召集人民上艾城去，他和以色列的長老走在人民的前面。 11 所有與他在一起的戰士都上去，迫近艾城，在城的北面安營；在約書亞和艾城中間有一個山谷， 12 約書亞挑了大約五千人，要他們埋伏在伯特利和艾城中間，就是艾城的西面。 13 於是他們把眾民，就是在城北的全軍和在城西的伏兵都布置好了。那一夜，約書亞走進了山谷之中。 14 艾城的王看見了這情形，就和艾城的人急忙在清早起來，按著亞拉巴前面所約定之處出到亞拉巴，要與以色列人交戰；王卻不知道在城後面有伏兵要攻擊他。 15 約書亞和以色列人在他們面前裝敗，沿著通往曠野的路逃跑。 16 城裡的眾民都被召集，去追趕他們；艾城的人追趕約書亞的時候，就都被誘離城。 17 艾城和伯特利城沒有留下一個人不出來追趕以色列人；他們撇下了敞開的城門，去追趕以色列人。

攻陷艾城

18 耶和華對約書亞說：“你向著艾城伸出你手中的短槍，因為我要把城交在你手裡。”約書亞就向著艾城伸出他手裡的短槍。 19 他一伸手，伏兵就從埋伏的地方急忙起來，衝進城去，把城奪取，並連忙放火燒城。 20 艾城的人轉身觀看，看見城裡濃煙沖天，就全身乏力，不能逃跑；往曠野逃跑的以色列人就轉過來攻擊追趕他們的人。 21 約書亞和以色列人看見伏兵已經奪取了城，又看見城中濃煙上升，就轉回，擊殺艾城的人。 22 伏兵也出城攻擊艾城的人；艾城的人就被困在以色列人中間，前後受敵；於是以色列人把他們擊殺，沒有留下一個，也沒有一個逃脫。 23 他們活捉了艾城的王，把他解到約書亞那裡。

24 以色列人在田間、在曠野，殺盡了所有追趕他們的艾城的居民，艾城的人全部倒在刀下，直到完全消滅；接著，以色列眾人回到艾城，用刀擊殺了城中的人。 25 那一天被殺的人，連男帶女，共有一萬二千人，就是艾城所有的人。 26 約書亞沒有收回伸出短槍的手，直到把艾城的居民都消滅為止。 27 只有那城裡的牲畜和戰利品，以色列人照著耶和華吩咐約書亞的話，都據為己有。 28 約書亞燒了艾城，使城永遠成為廢堆，一片荒涼，直到今日。 29 他又把艾城的王懸在樹上，直到黃昏的時候；日落的時候，約書亞吩咐人把屍體從樹上拿下來，丟在城門口那裡，又在屍體上堆起了一大堆石頭，這堆石頭一直存到今日。

以巴路山上築壇宣讀律法

30 那時，約書亞在以巴路山上，為耶和華以色列的　神築了一座祭壇， 31 是照著耶和華的僕人摩西吩咐以色列人的，照著摩西律法書上所寫的，用未經過鐵器打鑿的整塊石塊築成的一座祭壇；在這祭壇之上，眾人向耶和華獻燔祭，也獻平安祭。 32 約書亞在那裡，當著以色列人面前，把摩西所寫的摩西律法抄寫在石頭上。 33 全體以色列人和他們的長老、官長，以及審判官，都站在約櫃的兩旁，在抬耶和華約櫃的利未支派的祭司前面；無論是寄居的，或是本地人，一半對著基利心山，一半對著以巴路山；正如耶和華的僕人摩西以前所吩咐的，好為以色列民祝福。 34 然後，約書亞宣讀律法上一切祝福和咒詛的話，全都照著律法書上所寫的一切。 35 摩西吩咐的一切話，約書亞在以色列全體會眾和婦女、小孩，以及在他們中間來往的寄居者面前，沒有一句不向他們宣讀出來的。

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