Joshua 12
Lexham English Bible
The Kings Conquered by Joshua
12 These are the kings of the land whom the Israelites[a] defeated, and of whose land they took possession beyond the Jordon to the east,[b] from the wadi[c] of Arnon up to Mount Hermon, and all the Arabah[d] to the east: 2 Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which is on the edge of the wadi[e] of Arnon, from the middle of the valley and half of Gilead, up to the Jabbok River,[f] which marks the border of the Ammonites;[g] 3 and the Arabah[h] up to the Kinnereth Sea[i] to the east, and as far as the sea of Arabah, the Salt Sea[j] to the east, in the direction of[k] Beth Jeshimoth, and to the area southward, at the foot of[l] the slopes of Pisgah;[m] 4 the territory of Og king of Bashan, one of the last of the Rephaites, who lived at Ashtaroth and Edrei 5 and ruled over Mount Hermon and Salecah and over all Bashan up to the border of the Geshurites[n] and the Maacathites,[o] and half of Gilead, as far as the border of Sihon king of Heshbon. 6 Moses Yahweh’s servant and the Israelites[p] defeated them; and Moses Yahweh’s servant gave it as a possession to the Reubenites,[q] the Gadites,[r] and the half-tribe of Manasseh.
The Kings Conquered by Moses
7 These are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the Israelites[s] defeated beyond to the Jordan to the west, from Baal Gad in the valley of Lebanon,[t] and up to Mount Halak, which rises to Seir. And Joshua gave it as a possession to the tribes of Israel according to their allotments, 8 in the hill country, the Shephelah,[u] the Arabah,[v] on the slopes, in the wilderness, and in the Negev;[w] the Hittites,[x] the Amorites,[y] the Canaanites,[z] the Perizzites,[aa] the Hivites,[ab] and the Jebusites:[ac]
9 the king of Jericho, one; the king of Ai, which is beside Bethel, one;
10 the king of Jerusalem, one; the king of Hebron, one;
11 the king of Jarmuth, one; the king of Lachish, one;
12 the king of Eglon, one; the king of Gezer, one;
13 the king of Debir, one; the king of Geder, one;
14 the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;
15 the king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one;
16 the king of Makkedah, one; the king of Bethel, one;
17 the king of Tappuah, one; the king of Hepher, one;
18 the king of Aphek, one; the king of Lasharon, one;
19 the king of Madon, one; the king of Hazor, one;
20 the king of Shimron-meron, one; the king of Acshaph, one;
21 the king of Taanach, one; the king of Megiddo, one;
22 the king of Kedesh, one; the king of Jokneam in Carmel, one;
23 the king of Dor in Naphath Dor, one; the king of Goiim for Gilgal, one;
24 the king of Tirzah, one; all the kings, thirty-one.
Footnotes
- Joshua 12:1 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
- Joshua 12:1 Literally “to the rising of the sun”
- Joshua 12:1 A valley that is dry most of the year, but contains a stream during the rainy season
- Joshua 12:1 A dry region that runs south of the Sea of Galilee along the Jordan Valley
- Joshua 12:2 A valley that is dry most of the year, but contains a stream during the rainy season
- Joshua 12:2 Literally “Jabbok the wadi”
- Joshua 12:2 Literally “sons of Ammon” or “children of Ammon”
- Joshua 12:3 A dry region that runs south of the Sea of Galilee along the Jordan Valley
- Joshua 12:3 That is, the Sea of Galilee
- Joshua 12:3 That is, the Dead Sea
- Joshua 12:3 Literally “the way of”
- Joshua 12:3 Literally “under”
- Joshua 12:3 Or Ashdoth Pisgah
- Joshua 12:5 Hebrew “Geshurite”
- Joshua 12:5 Hebrew “Maacathite”
- Joshua 12:6 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
- Joshua 12:6 Hebrew “Reubenite”
- Joshua 12:6 Hebrew “Gadite”
- Joshua 12:7 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
- Joshua 12:7 Or “white mountain”
- Joshua 12:8 Or “lowlands”; a geographical region on the western edge of the hills of Judea
- Joshua 12:8 A dry region that runs south of the Sea of Galilee along the Jordan Valley
- Joshua 12:8 An arid region south of the Judaean hills
- Joshua 12:8 Hebrew “Hittite”
- Joshua 12:8 Hebrew “Amorite”
- Joshua 12:8 Hebrew “Canaanite”
- Joshua 12:8 Hebrew “Perizzite”
- Joshua 12:8 Hebrew “Hivite”
- Joshua 12:8 Hebrew “Jebusite”
Joshua 12
Expanded Bible
Kings Defeated by Israel
12 The Israelites took control of the land east of the Jordan River from the Arnon ·Ravine [Gorge; Valley; C enters the middle of Dead Sea from the east] to Mount Hermon [C in the far north] and all the land along the eastern side of the ·Jordan Valley [or Arabah]. These ·lands belonged to the kings [were the kings of the land] whom the ·Israelites [L sons/T children of Israel] defeated.
2 Sihon king of the Amorites [Num. 21:21–30; Deut. 1:4; 2:24–37; 29:7–8] ·lived in [or ruled] the city of Heshbon and ruled the land from Aroer ·at [or on the edge/rim of] the Arnon ·Ravine [Gorge; Valley] to the Jabbok River [C flows from the northeast into the Jordan about 20 miles north of the Dead Sea]. His land started in the middle of the ravine, which was their border with the Ammonites. Sihon ruled over half the land of Gilead [C the region east of the Jordan between Galilee and just north of the Dead Sea] 3 and over the eastern side of the ·Jordan Valley [or Arabah] from Lake ·Galilee [L Kinnereth] to the ·Dead Sea [L Sea of Arabah, the Salt Sea]. And he ruled from Beth Jeshimoth south to the slopes of Pisgah [Deut. 34:1].
4 Og king of Bashan was one of the ·last [remnant] of the Rephaites. He ·ruled [or lived in] the land in Ashtaroth and Edrei [C cities east and southeast of Galilee]. 5 He ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah, and all the area of Bashan [C east and northeast of Galilee] up to ·where the people of Geshur and Maacah lived [L the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites]. Og also ruled half the land of Gilead up to the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.
6 The Lord’s servant Moses and the ·Israelites [L sons/T children of Israel] defeated all these kings, and Moses gave that land to the tribes of Reuben and Gad and to ·East [L the half-tribe of] Manasseh as their own [13:8–32; Deut. 3:12–13].
7 Joshua and the ·Israelites [L sons/T children of Israel] also defeated kings in the land west of the Jordan River. He gave the people the land ·and divided it among the twelve tribes to be their own [L according to their tribal divisions]. It was between Baal Gad in the Valley of Lebanon [C the far north] and Mount Halak near ·Edom [L Seir; C the far south]. 8 This included the ·mountains [hill country], the ·western foothills [lowlands; L Shephelah], the ·Jordan Valley [L Arabah], the slopes, the ·desert [wilderness], and ·southern Canaan [L the Negev]. This was the land where the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites had lived. The Israelites defeated the king of each of the following cities: 9 ·Jericho [L the king of Jericho, one; C and so throughout the list], Ai (near Bethel), 10 Jerusalem, Hebron, 11 Jarmuth, Lachish, 12 Eglon, Gezer, 13 Debir, Geder, 14 Hormah, Arad, 15 Libnah, Adullam, 16 Makkedah, Bethel, 17 Tappuah, Hepher, 18 Aphek, Lasharon, 19 Madon, Hazor, 20 Shimron Meron, Acshaph, 21 Taanach, Megiddo, 22 Kedesh, Jokneam ·in [or near] Carmel, 23 Dor (in Naphoth Dor), Goyim in Gilgal, and 24 Tirzah.
The total number of kings was thirty-one.
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