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This change of plans made Jonah very angry. He complained to the Lord about it: “This is exactly what I thought you’d do, Lord, when I was there in my own country and you first told me to come here. That’s why I ran away to Tarshish. For I knew you were a gracious God, merciful, slow to get angry, and full of kindness; I knew how easily you could cancel your plans for destroying these people.

“Please kill me, Lord; I’d rather be dead than alive when nothing that I told them happens.[a]

Then the Lord said, “Is it right to be angry about this?”

So Jonah went out and sat sulking[b] on the east side of the city, and he made a leafy shelter to shade him as he waited there to see if anything would happen to the city. And when the leaves of the shelter withered in the heat, the Lord arranged for a vine to grow up quickly and spread its broad leaves over Jonah’s head to shade him. This made him comfortable and very grateful.

But God also prepared a worm! The next morning the worm ate through the stem of the plant, so that it withered away and died.

Then when the sun was hot, God ordered a scorching east wind to blow on Jonah, and the sun beat down upon his head until he grew faint and wished to die. For he said, “Death is better than this!”

And God said to Jonah, “Is it right for you to be angry because the plant died?”

“Yes,” Jonah said, “it is; it is right for me to be angry enough to die!”

10 Then the Lord said, “You feel sorry for yourself when your shelter is destroyed, though you did no work to put it there, and it is, at best, short-lived. 11 And why shouldn’t I feel sorry for a great city like Nineveh with its 120,000 people in utter spiritual darkness[c] and all its cattle?”

These are messages from the Lord to Micah, who lived in the town of Moresheth during the reigns of King Jotham, King Ahaz, and King Hezekiah, all kings of Judah. The messages were addressed to both Samaria and Judah and came to Micah in the form of visions.

Attention! Let all the peoples of the world listen. For the Lord in his holy Temple has made accusations against you!

Look! He is coming! He leaves his throne in heaven and comes to earth, walking on the mountaintops. They melt beneath his feet and flow into the valleys like wax in fire, like water pouring down a hill.

And why is this happening? Because of the sins of Israel and Judah. What sins? The idolatry and oppression centering in the capital cities, Samaria and Jerusalem!

Therefore, the entire city of Samaria will crumble into a heap of rubble and become an open field, her streets plowed up for planting grapes! The Lord will tear down her wall and her forts, exposing their foundations, and pour their stones into the valleys below. All her carved images will be smashed to pieces; her ornate idol temples, built with the gifts of worshipers, will all be burned.[d]

I will wail and lament, howling as a jackal, mournful as an ostrich crying across the desert sands at night. I will walk naked and barefoot in sorrow and shame; for my people’s wound is far too deep to heal. The Lord stands ready at Jerusalem’s gates to punish her. 10 Woe to the city of Gath. Weep, men of Bakah. In Beth-leaphrah roll in the dust in your anguish and shame. 11 There go the people of Shaphir,[e] led away as slaves—stripped, naked and ashamed. The people of Zaanan dare not show themselves outside their walls. The foundations of Beth-ezel are swept away—the very ground on which it stood. 12 The people of Maroth vainly hope for better days, but only bitterness awaits them as the Lord stands poised against Jerusalem.

13 Quick! Use your swiftest chariots and flee, O people of Lachish, for you were the first of the cities of Judah to follow Israel in her sin of idol worship. Then all the cities of the south began to follow your example.

14 Write off Moresheth[f] of Gath; there is no hope of saving her. The town of Achzib has deceived the kings of Israel, for she promised help she cannot give. 15 You people of Mareshah will be a prize to your enemies. They will penetrate to Adullam, the “Pride of Israel.”

16 Weep, weep for your little ones. For they are snatched away, and you will never see them again. They have gone as slaves to distant lands. Shave your heads in sorrow.

Woe to you who lie awake at night, plotting wickedness; you rise at dawn to carry out your schemes; because you can, you do. You want a certain piece of land or someone else’s house (though it is all he has); you take it by fraud and threats and violence.

But the Lord God says, “I will reward your evil with evil; nothing can stop me; never again will you be proud and haughty after I am through with you. Then your enemies will taunt you and mock your dirge of despair: ‘We are finished, ruined. God has confiscated our land and sent us far away; he has given what is ours to others.’” Others will set your boundaries then. “The People of the Lord” will live where they are sent.

“Don’t say such things,” the people say. “Don’t harp on things like that. It’s disgraceful, that sort of talk. Such evils surely will not come our way.”

Is that the right reply for you to make, O House of Jacob? Do you think the Spirit of the Lord likes to talk to you so roughly? No! His threats are for your good, to get you on the path again.

Yet to this very hour my people rise against me. For you steal the shirts right off the backs of those who trusted you, who walk in peace.

You have driven out the widows from their homes and stripped their children of every God-given right. 10 Up! Begone! This is no more your land and home, for you have filled it with sin, and it will vomit you out.

11 “I’ll preach to you the joys of wine and drink”—that is the kind of drunken, lying prophet that you like!

12 “The time will come, O Israel, when I will gather you—all that are left—and bring you together again like sheep in a fold, like a flock in a pasture—a noisy, happy crowd. 13 The Messiah[g] will lead you out of exile and bring you through the gates of your cities of captivity, back to your own land. Your King will go before you—the Lord leads on.”

Footnotes

  1. Jonah 4:3 when nothing that I told them happens, implied.
  2. Jonah 4:5 sat sulking, implied.
  3. Jonah 4:11 with its 120,000 people in utter spiritual darkness, or “with its 120,000 children who don’t know their right hands from their left.”
  4. Micah 1:7 will all be burned, literally, “they shall return to the hire of a harlot.”
  5. Micah 1:11 There go the people of Shaphir. In the Hebrew there is frequent wordplay in vv. 10-14. Micah bitterly declaims each town, demonstrating by the use of puns their failures. Shaphir sounds like the Hebrew word for “beauty,” here contrasted with their shame; Zaanan sounds like the verb meaning “to go forth,” here contrasted with the fear of its inhabitants to venture outside; Beth-ezel sounds like a word for “foundation,” which had been taken away from them.
  6. Micah 1:14 Moresheth, Micah’s hometown (1:1).
  7. Micah 2:13 The Messiah, literally, “He who opens the breach.”

Jonah’s Anger at the Lord’s Compassion

But to Jonah this seemed very wrong, and he became angry.(A) He prayed to the Lord, “Isn’t this what I said, Lord, when I was still at home? That is what I tried to forestall by fleeing to Tarshish. I knew(B) that you are a gracious(C) and compassionate God, slow to anger and abounding in love,(D) a God who relents(E) from sending calamity.(F) Now, Lord, take away my life,(G) for it is better for me to die(H) than to live.”(I)

But the Lord replied, “Is it right for you to be angry?”(J)

Jonah had gone out and sat down at a place east of the city. There he made himself a shelter, sat in its shade and waited to see what would happen to the city. Then the Lord God provided(K) a leafy plant[a] and made it grow up over Jonah to give shade for his head to ease his discomfort, and Jonah was very happy about the plant. But at dawn the next day God provided a worm, which chewed the plant so that it withered.(L) When the sun rose, God provided a scorching east wind, and the sun blazed on Jonah’s head so that he grew faint. He wanted to die,(M) and said, “It would be better for me to die than to live.”

But God said to Jonah, “Is it right for you to be angry about the plant?”(N)

“It is,” he said. “And I’m so angry I wish I were dead.”

10 But the Lord said, “You have been concerned about this plant, though you did not tend it or make it grow. It sprang up overnight and died overnight. 11 And should I not have concern(O) for the great city of Nineveh,(P) in which there are more than a hundred and twenty thousand people who cannot tell their right hand from their left—and also many animals?”

The word of the Lord that came to Micah of Moresheth(Q) during the reigns of Jotham,(R) Ahaz(S) and Hezekiah,(T) kings of Judah(U)—the vision(V) he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem.

Hear,(W) you peoples, all of you,(X)
    listen, earth(Y) and all who live in it,
that the Sovereign Lord may bear witness(Z) against you,
    the Lord from his holy temple.(AA)

Judgment Against Samaria and Jerusalem

Look! The Lord is coming from his dwelling(AB) place;
    he comes down(AC) and treads on the heights of the earth.(AD)
The mountains melt(AE) beneath him(AF)
    and the valleys split apart,(AG)
like wax before the fire,
    like water rushing down a slope.
All this is because of Jacob’s transgression,
    because of the sins of the people of Israel.
What is Jacob’s transgression?
    Is it not Samaria?(AH)
What is Judah’s high place?
    Is it not Jerusalem?

“Therefore I will make Samaria a heap of rubble,
    a place for planting vineyards.(AI)
I will pour her stones(AJ) into the valley
    and lay bare her foundations.(AK)
All her idols(AL) will be broken to pieces;(AM)
    all her temple gifts will be burned with fire;
    I will destroy all her images.(AN)
Since she gathered her gifts from the wages of prostitutes,(AO)
    as the wages of prostitutes they will again be used.”

Weeping and Mourning

Because of this I will weep(AP) and wail;
    I will go about barefoot(AQ) and naked.
I will howl like a jackal
    and moan like an owl.
For Samaria’s plague(AR) is incurable;(AS)
    it has spread to Judah.(AT)
It has reached the very gate(AU) of my people,
    even to Jerusalem itself.
10 Tell it not in Gath[b];
    weep not at all.
In Beth Ophrah[c]
    roll in the dust.
11 Pass by naked(AV) and in shame,
    you who live in Shaphir.[d]
Those who live in Zaanan[e]
    will not come out.
Beth Ezel is in mourning;
    it no longer protects you.
12 Those who live in Maroth[f] writhe in pain,
    waiting for relief,(AW)
because disaster(AX) has come from the Lord,
    even to the gate of Jerusalem.
13 You who live in Lachish,(AY)
    harness fast horses to the chariot.
You are where the sin of Daughter Zion(AZ) began,
    for the transgressions of Israel were found in you.
14 Therefore you will give parting gifts(BA)
    to Moresheth(BB) Gath.
The town of Akzib[g](BC) will prove deceptive(BD)
    to the kings of Israel.
15 I will bring a conqueror against you
    who live in Mareshah.[h](BE)
The nobles of Israel
    will flee to Adullam.(BF)
16 Shave(BG) your head in mourning
    for the children in whom you delight;
make yourself as bald as the vulture,
    for they will go from you into exile.(BH)

Human Plans and God’s Plans

Woe to those who plan iniquity,
    to those who plot evil(BI) on their beds!(BJ)
At morning’s light they carry it out
    because it is in their power to do it.
They covet fields(BK) and seize them,(BL)
    and houses, and take them.
They defraud(BM) people of their homes,
    they rob them of their inheritance.(BN)

Therefore, the Lord says:

“I am planning disaster(BO) against this people,
    from which you cannot save yourselves.
You will no longer walk proudly,(BP)
    for it will be a time of calamity.
In that day people will ridicule you;
    they will taunt you with this mournful song:
‘We are utterly ruined;(BQ)
    my people’s possession is divided up.(BR)
He takes it from me!
    He assigns our fields to traitors.’”

Therefore you will have no one in the assembly of the Lord
    to divide the land(BS) by lot.(BT)

False Prophets

“Do not prophesy,” their prophets say.
    “Do not prophesy about these things;
    disgrace(BU) will not overtake us.(BV)
You descendants of Jacob, should it be said,
    “Does the Lord become[i] impatient?
    Does he do such things?”

“Do not my words do good(BW)
    to the one whose ways are upright?(BX)
Lately my people have risen up
    like an enemy.
You strip off the rich robe
    from those who pass by without a care,
    like men returning from battle.
You drive the women of my people
    from their pleasant homes.(BY)
You take away my blessing
    from their children forever.
10 Get up, go away!
    For this is not your resting place,(BZ)
because it is defiled,(CA)
    it is ruined, beyond all remedy.
11 If a liar and deceiver(CB) comes and says,
    ‘I will prophesy for you plenty of wine and beer,’(CC)
    that would be just the prophet for this people!(CD)

Deliverance Promised

12 “I will surely gather all of you, Jacob;
    I will surely bring together the remnant(CE) of Israel.
I will bring them together like sheep in a pen,
    like a flock in its pasture;
    the place will throng with people.(CF)
13 The One who breaks open the way will go up before(CG) them;
    they will break through the gate(CH) and go out.
Their King will pass through before them,
    the Lord at their head.”

Footnotes

  1. Jonah 4:6 The precise identification of this plant is uncertain; also in verses 7, 9 and 10.
  2. Micah 1:10 Gath sounds like the Hebrew for tell.
  3. Micah 1:10 Beth Ophrah means house of dust.
  4. Micah 1:11 Shaphir means pleasant.
  5. Micah 1:11 Zaanan sounds like the Hebrew for come out.
  6. Micah 1:12 Maroth sounds like the Hebrew for bitter.
  7. Micah 1:14 Akzib means deception.
  8. Micah 1:15 Mareshah sounds like the Hebrew for conqueror.
  9. Micah 2:7 Or Is the Spirit of the Lord