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Jeremiah 52
New English Translation

The Fall of Jerusalem

52 [a] Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he ruled in Jerusalem for eleven years. His mother’s name was Hamutal[b] daughter of Jeremiah, from Libnah. 2 He did what displeased the Lord[c] just as Jehoiakim had done.

3 What follows is a record of what happened to Jerusalem and Judah because of the Lord’s anger when he drove them out of his sight.[d] Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon. 4 King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon came against Jerusalem with his whole army and set up camp outside it.[e] They built siege ramps all around it. He arrived on the tenth day of the tenth month in the ninth year that Zedekiah ruled over Judah.[f] 5 The city remained under siege until Zedekiah’s eleventh year. 6 By the ninth day of the fourth month[g] the famine in the city was so severe the residents[h] had no food. 7 They broke through the city walls, and all the soldiers tried to escape. They left the city during the night. They went through the gate between the two walls that is near the king’s garden.[i] (The Babylonians had the city surrounded.) Then they headed for the rift valley.[j] 8 But the Babylonian army chased after the king. They caught up with Zedekiah in the plains[k] of Jericho, and his entire army deserted him. 9 They captured him and brought him up to the king of Babylon at Riblah[l] in the territory of Hamath and he passed sentence on him there. 10 The king of Babylon had Zedekiah’s sons put to death while Zedekiah was forced to watch. He also had all the nobles of Judah put to death there at Riblah. 11 He had Zedekiah’s eyes put out and had him bound in chains.[m] Then the king of Babylon had him led off to Babylon and he was imprisoned there until the day he died.

12 On the tenth[n] day of the fifth month,[o] in the nineteenth year of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard[p] who served[q] the king of Babylon, arrived in Jerusalem. 13 He burned down the Lord’s temple, the royal palace, and all the houses in Jerusalem, including every large house. 14 The whole Babylonian army that came with the captain of the royal guard tore down the walls that surrounded Jerusalem. 15 Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard, took into exile some of the poor,[r] the rest of the people who remained in the city, those who had deserted to the king of Babylon, and the rest of the craftsmen. 16 But he[s] left behind some of the poor[t] and gave them fields and vineyards.

17 The Babylonians broke the two bronze pillars in the temple of the Lord, as well as the movable stands and the large bronze basin called “The Sea.”[u] They took all the bronze to Babylon. 18 They also took the pots, shovels,[v] trimming shears,[w] basins, pans, and all the bronze utensils used by the priests.[x] 19 The captain of the royal guard took the gold and silver bowls, censers,[y] basins, pots, lampstands, pans, and vessels.[z] 20 The bronze of the items that King Solomon made for the Lord’s temple (including the two pillars, the large bronze basin called “The Sea,” the twelve bronze bulls under “The Sea,” and the movable stands[aa]) was too heavy to be weighed. 21 Each of the pillars was about 27 feet[ab] high, about 18 feet[ac] in circumference, three inches[ad] thick, and hollow. 22 The bronze top of one pillar was about 7½ feet[ae] high and had bronze latticework and pomegranate-shaped ornaments all around it. The second pillar with its pomegranate-shaped ornaments was like it. 23 There were 96 pomegranate-shaped ornaments on the sides; in all there were 100 pomegranate-shaped ornaments over the latticework that went around it.

24 The captain of the royal guard took Seraiah the chief priest, Zephaniah the priest who was second in rank, and the three doorkeepers.[af] 25 From the city he took an official who was in charge of the soldiers, seven of the king’s advisers who were discovered in the city, an official army secretary who drafted citizens[ag] for military service, and sixty citizens who were discovered in the middle of the city. 26 Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard, took them and brought them to the king of Babylon at Riblah. 27 The king of Babylon ordered them to be executed[ah] at Riblah in the territory of Hamath.

So Judah was taken into exile away from its land. 28 Here is the official record of the number of people[ai] Nebuchadnezzar carried into exile: In the seventh year,[aj] 3,023 Jews; 29 in Nebuchadnezzar’s eighteenth year,[ak] 832 people from Jerusalem; 30 in Nebuchadnezzar’s twenty-third year,[al] Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard, carried into exile 745 Judeans. In all, 4,600 people went into exile.

Jehoiachin in Exile

31 In the thirty-seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin of Judah, on the twenty-fifth[am] day of the twelfth month,[an] King Evil Merodach of Babylon, in the first year of his reign, pardoned[ao] King Jehoiachin of Judah and released him from prison. 32 He spoke kindly to him and gave him a more prestigious position than[ap] the other kings who were with him in Babylon. 33 Jehoiachin[aq] took off his prison clothes and ate daily in the king’s presence for the rest of his life. 34 He was given daily provisions by the king of Babylon for the rest of his life until the day he died.

Footnotes

  1. Jeremiah 52:1 sn This final chapter does not mention Jeremiah, but its description of the downfall of Jerusalem and exile of the people validates the prophet’s ministry.
  2. Jeremiah 52:1 tn Some textual witnesses support the Kethib (consonantal text) in reading “Hamital.”
  3. Jeremiah 52:2 tn Heb “what was evil in the eyes of the Lord.”
  4. Jeremiah 52:3 tn Heb “Surely (or “for”) because of the anger of the Lord this happened in Jerusalem and Judah until he drove them out from upon his face.” For the phrase “drive out of his sight,” see 7:15.
  5. Jeremiah 52:4 tn Or “against it.”
  6. Jeremiah 52:4 sn This would have been January 15, 588 b.c. The reckoning is based on the calendar that begins the year in the spring (Nisan = March/April).
  7. Jeremiah 52:6 sn According to modern reckoning that would have been July 18, 586 b.c. The siege thus lasted almost a full eighteen months.
  8. Jeremiah 52:6 tn Heb “the people of the land.”
  9. Jeremiah 52:7 sn The king’s garden is mentioned again in Neh 3:15 in conjunction with the pool of Siloam and the stairs that go down from the City of David. This would have been in the southern part of the city near the Tyropean Valley, which agrees with the reference to the “two walls,” which were probably the walls on the eastern and western hills.
  10. Jeremiah 52:7 sn The rift valley (עֲרָבָה, ʿaravah) extends from Galilee to the Gulf of Aqaba. In this context the portion that they head to is the Jordan Valley near Jericho, intending to escape across the river to Moab or Ammon. It appears from 40:14 and 41:15 that the Ammonites were known to harbor fugitives from the Babylonians.
  11. Jeremiah 52:8 tn See the note at Jer 39:5.
  12. Jeremiah 52:9 sn Riblah was a strategic town on the Orontes River in Syria. It was at a crossing of the major roads between Egypt and Mesopotamia. Pharaoh Necho had earlier received Jehoahaz there and put him in chains (2 Kgs 23:33) prior to taking him captive to Egypt. Nebuchadnezzar had set up his base camp for conducting his campaigns against the Palestinian states there and was now sitting in judgment on prisoners brought to him.
  13. Jeremiah 52:11 tn Heb “fetters of bronze.” The more generic “chains” is used in the translation because “fetters” is a word unfamiliar to most modern readers.
  14. Jeremiah 52:12 tn The parallel account in 2 Kgs 25:8 has “seventh.”
  15. Jeremiah 52:12 sn The tenth day of the month would have been August 17, 586 b.c. in modern reckoning.
  16. Jeremiah 52:12 tn For the meaning of this phrase see BDB 371 s.v. טַבָּח 2 and compare the usage in Gen 39:1.
  17. Jeremiah 52:12 tn Heb “stood before.”
  18. Jeremiah 52:15 tn Heb “poor of the people.”
  19. Jeremiah 52:16 tn Heb “Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard.” However, the subject is clear from the preceding, and modern English style would normally avoid repeating the proper name and title.
  20. Jeremiah 52:16 tn Heb “poor of the land.”
  21. Jeremiah 52:17 sn For discussion of the items listed here, see the study notes at Jer 27:19.
  22. Jeremiah 52:18 sn These shovels were used to clean the altar.
  23. Jeremiah 52:18 sn These trimming shears were used to trim the wicks of the lamps.
  24. Jeremiah 52:18 tn Heb “with which they served (or “fulfilled their duty”).”
  25. Jeremiah 52:19 sn The censers held the embers used for the incense offerings.
  26. Jeremiah 52:19 sn These vessels were used for drink offerings.
  27. Jeremiah 52:20 tc The translation follows the LXX (Greek version), which reflects the description in 1 Kgs 7:25-26. The Hebrew text reads, “the twelve bronze bulls under the movable stands.” הַיָּם (hayyam, “The Sea”) has been accidentally omitted by homoioarcton; note that the following form, הַמְּכֹנוֹת (hammekhonot, “the movable stands”), also begins with the article.
  28. Jeremiah 52:21 tn Heb “18 cubits.” A “cubit” was a unit of measure, approximately equivalent to a foot and a half.
  29. Jeremiah 52:21 tn Heb “12 cubits.” A “cubit” was a unit of measure, approximately equivalent to a foot and a half.
  30. Jeremiah 52:21 tn Heb “four fingers.”
  31. Jeremiah 52:22 tn Heb “5 cubits.” A “cubit” was a unit of measure, approximately equivalent to a foot and a half.
  32. Jeremiah 52:24 sn See the note at Jer 35:4.
  33. Jeremiah 52:25 tn Heb “men, from the people of the land” (also later in this verse).
  34. Jeremiah 52:27 tn Heb “struck them down and killed them.”
  35. Jeremiah 52:28 tn Heb “these are the people.”
  36. Jeremiah 52:28 sn This would be 597 b.c.
  37. Jeremiah 52:29 sn This would be 586 b.c.
  38. Jeremiah 52:30 sn This would be 581 b.c.
  39. Jeremiah 52:31 sn The parallel account in 2 Kgs 25:28 has “twenty-seventh.”
  40. Jeremiah 52:31 sn The twenty-fifth day would be March 20, 561 b.c. in modern reckoning.
  41. Jeremiah 52:31 tn Heb “lifted up the head of.”
  42. Jeremiah 52:32 tn Heb “made his throne above the throne of.”
  43. Jeremiah 52:33 tn The subject is unstated in the Hebrew text, but Jehoiachin is clearly the subject of the following verb.
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Jeremia 52
Het Boek

De aanval op Jeruzalem

52 Zedekia was eenentwintig jaar toen hij koning werd en elf jaar lang regeerde hij in Jeruzalem. Zijn moeder heette Hamutal en was een dochter van Jeremia uit Libna. 2 Maar Zedekia was een goddeloze koning, net als Jojakim. 3 Het kwam zelfs zover dat de Here in zijn toorn het volk van Jeruzalem en Juda verstootte.

Zedekia kwam in opstand tegen de koning van Babel. 4 In het negende regeringsjaar van Zedekia, op de tiende dag van de tiende maand, verscheen koning Nebukadnezar van Babel met zijn hele leger voor Jeruzalem. Hij bouwde een belegeringswal tegen de stadsmuren 5 en begon aan een beleg van anderhalf jaar. 6 Ten slotte, op de negende dag van de vierde maand, toen overal in de stad honger werd geleden en de voedselvoorraad vrijwel op was, 7 werd een bres in de stadsmuur geslagen en ʼs nachts vluchtten alle soldaten de stad uit door de poort tussen de twee muren bij de koninklijke tuin, ondanks het feit dat de stad volledig omsingeld was door de Chaldeeën. Dwars door de velden vluchtten zij in de richting van het Jordaandal. 8 Maar het Chaldese leger zette de achtervolging in en greep koning Zedekia in de omgeving van Jericho, zijn hele leger was uiteengevallen. 9 Zij brachten hem naar de koning van Babel die zich ophield in de stad Ribla in het koninkrijk Hamath. Daar werd Zedekia veroordeeld. 10 Voor de ogen van Zedekia werden zijn zonen en alle bewindslieden van Juda gedood. 11 Daarna werden hem de ogen uitgestoken en brachten zij hem in ketens naar Babel, waar hij de rest van zijn leven in de gevangenis werd opgesloten. 12 Op de tiende dag van de vijfde maand van het negentiende regeringsjaar van koning Nebukadnezar van Babel arriveerde Nebuzaradan, het hoofd van de lijfwacht, in Jeruzalem. 13 Hij stak de tempel, het paleis en alle grote huizen in brand 14 en zette het Chaldese leger aan het werk om de stadsmuren omver te trekken. 15 Toen nam hij enkelen van de armsten van het volk, degenen die de verwoesting van de stad hadden overleefd, degenen die Zedekia in de steek hadden gelaten en naar het leger van Babel waren overgelopen en de handelslieden die waren overgebleven, als gevangenen mee naar Babel. 16 Alleen de allerarmsten liet hij achter als wijnbouwers en landbouwers.

17 De Babyloniërs sloegen de twee grote koperen pilaren die bij de ingang van de tempel stonden aan stukken, evenals het koperen wasvat en de koperen stieren waarop het vat rustte en namen dat alles mee naar Babel. 18 Tevens namen zij alle koperen potten, de asscheppen, de messen die bij het altaar werden gebruikt, de sprengbekkens, de vuurpotten, de schalen en al het andere koperen gereedschap uit de tempel mee. 19 Het hoofd van de lijfwacht zag er op toe dat ook de gouden en zilveren schalen, vuurpannen, sprengbekkens, potten, kroonluchters, schotels en offerschalen werden meegenomen. 20 Het gewicht van de twee koperen pilaren, het wasvat en de twaalf stieren was enorm. Zij konden het niet eens wegen. Dit alles was gemaakt in de tijd van koning Salomo. 21 De pilaren waren elk 8,10 meter hoog en hadden een omtrek van 5,40 meter. Ze waren hol en hun wanden waren van acht centimeter dik koper. 22 Op elk van de pilaren stond een bronzen sierstuk van 2,25 meter lang en de bovenkant daarvan was versierd met vlechtwerk van koperen granaatappels. De twee pilaren zagen er precies hetzelfde uit. 23 Op de zijden van elke pilaar zaten in totaal zesennegentig granaatappels en bovendien op elke hoek nog een, zodat het hele vlechtwerk uit honderd granaatappels bestond. 24,25 Het hoofd van de lijfwacht nam met zich mee als gevangenen: de hogepriester Seraja, zijn assistent Zefanja, de drie hoogste tempelbewakers, een van de hoge legerofficieren, zeven adviseurs van de koning die in de stad waren ontdekt, de secretaris van de opperbevelhebber die verantwoordelijk was voor de rekrutering van manschappen voor het leger en zestig andere hooggeplaatsten van wie de schuilplaatsen waren ontdekt. 26 Hij nam hen mee naar de koning van Babel in Ribla, 27 waar deze hen allen ter dood liet brengen. Zo werd Juda in ballingschap weggevoerd. 28 Het aantal gevangenen dat in het zevende regeringsjaar van Nebukadnezar naar Babel werd gebracht, bedroeg 3023. 29 Elf jaar later nam hij nog eens 832 mensen uit Jeruzalem gevangen. 30 Vijf jaar daarna stuurde hij Nebuzaradan, het hoofd van de lijfwacht, die 745 mensen gevangennam. Zo kwam het totaal aantal gevangenen op zesenveertighonderd.

31 Op de vijfentwintigste dag van de twaalfde maand in het zevenendertigste jaar dat koning Jojachin van Juda in Babel gevangen zat, liet Evil-Merodach, die in dat jaar koning van Babel werd, koning Jojachin uit de gevangenis vrij. 32 Hij onderhield zich vriendelijk met Jojachin en behandelde hem beter dan de andere koningen in Babel. 33 Hij gaf hem nieuwe kleding en liet hem voor de rest van zijn leven regelmatig deelnemen aan zijn maaltijden. 34 Bovendien kreeg Jojachin elke dag een toelage om tot zijn dood in zijn levensbehoeften te kunnen voorzien.

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