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(9:1) The people walking in darkness
see a bright light;[a]
light shines
on those who live in a land of deep darkness.[b]

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Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 9:2 sn The darkness symbolizes judgment and its effects (see 8:22); the light represents deliverance and its effects, brought about by the emergence of a conquering Davidic king (see vv. 3-6).
  2. Isaiah 9:2 tn Traditionally צַלְמָוֶת (tsalmavet) has been interpreted as a compound noun, meaning “shadow of death” (so KJV, ASV, NIV), but usage indicates that the word, though it sometimes refers to death, means “darkness.” The term should probably be repointed as an abstract noun צַלְמוּת (tsalmut). See the note at Ps 23:4.

16 the people who sit in darkness have seen a great light,
and on those who sit in the region and shadow of death a light has dawned.”[a]

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Footnotes

  1. Matthew 4:16 sn A quotation from Isa 9:1.

79 to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death,[a]
to guide our feet into the way[b] of peace.”

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Footnotes

  1. Luke 1:79 sn On the phrases who sit in darkness…and…death see Isa 9:1-2; 42:7; 49:9-10.
  2. Luke 1:79 tn Or “the path.”

18 They are darkened in their understanding,[a] being alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them due to the hardness of their hearts.

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Footnotes

  1. Ephesians 4:18 tn In the Greek text this clause is actually subordinate to περιπατεῖ (peripatei) in v. 17. It was broken up in the English translation so as to avoid an unnecessarily long and cumbersome statement.