Footnotes

1. Isaiah 33:8 tn Or “desolate” (NAB, NASB); NIV, NRSV, NLT “deserted.”
2. Isaiah 33:8 tn Heb “the one passing by on the road ceases.”
3. Isaiah 33:8 tn Heb “one breaks a treaty”; NAB “Covenants are broken.”
4. Isaiah 33:8 tc The Hebrew text reads literally, “he despises cities.” The term עָרִים (ʿarim, “cities”) probably needs to be emended to an original עֵדִים (ʿedim, “[legal] witnesses”), a reading that is preserved in the Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a. Confusion of dalet (ד) and resh (ר) is a well-attested scribal error.
5. Isaiah 33:8 tn Heb “he does not regard human beings.”