Genesis 43
New English Translation
The Second Journey to Egypt
43 Now the famine was severe in the land.[a] 2 When they finished eating the grain they had brought from Egypt, their father said to them, “Return, buy us a little more food.”
3 But Judah said to him, “The man solemnly warned[b] us, ‘You will not see my face[c] unless your brother is with you.’ 4 If you send[d] our brother with us, we’ll go down and buy food for you. 5 But if you will not send him, we won’t go down there because the man said to us, ‘You will not see my face unless your brother is with you.’”
6 Israel said, “Why did you bring this trouble[e] on me by telling[f] the man you had one more brother?”
7 They replied, “The man questioned us[g] thoroughly[h] about ourselves and our family, saying, ‘Is your father still alive? Do you have another brother?’[i] So we answered him in this way.[j] How could we possibly know[k] that he would say,[l] ‘Bring your brother down’?”
8 Then Judah said to his father Israel, “Send the boy with me and we will go immediately.[m] Then we will live[n] and not die—we and you and our little ones. 9 I myself pledge security[o] for him; you may hold me liable. If I do not bring him back to you and place him here before you, I will bear the blame before you all my life.[p] 10 But if we had not delayed, we could have traveled there and back[q] twice by now!”
11 Then their father Israel said to them, “If it must be so, then do this: Take some of the best products of the land in your bags, and take a gift down to the man—a little balm and a little honey, spices and myrrh, pistachios and almonds. 12 Take double the money with you;[r] you must take back[s] the money that was returned in the mouths of your sacks—perhaps it was an oversight. 13 Take your brother too, and go right away[t] to the man.[u] 14 May the Sovereign God[v] grant you mercy before the man so that he may release[w] your other brother[x] and Benjamin! As for me, if I lose my children I lose them.”[y]
15 So the men took these gifts, and they took double the money with them, along with Benjamin. Then they hurried down to Egypt[z] and stood before Joseph. 16 When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the servant who was over his household, “Bring the men to the house. Slaughter an animal and prepare it, for the men will eat with me at noon.” 17 The man did just as Joseph said; he[aa] brought the men into Joseph’s house.[ab]
18 But the men were afraid when they were brought to Joseph’s house. They said, “We are being brought in because of[ac] the money that was returned in our sacks last time.[ad] He wants to capture us,[ae] make us slaves, and take[af] our donkeys!” 19 So they approached the man who was in charge of Joseph’s household and spoke to him at the entrance to the house. 20 They said, “My lord, we did indeed come down[ag] the first time[ah] to buy food. 21 But when we came to the place where we spent the night, we opened our sacks and each of us found his money—the full amount[ai]—in the mouth of his sack. So we have returned it.[aj] 22 We have brought additional money with us to buy food. We do not know who put the money in our sacks!”
23 “Everything is fine,”[ak] the man in charge of Joseph’s household told them. “Don’t be afraid. Your God and the God of your father has given you treasure in your sacks.[al] I had your money.”[am] Then he brought Simeon out to them.
24 The servant in charge[an] brought the men into Joseph’s house. He gave them water, and they washed their feet. Then he gave food to their donkeys. 25 They got their gifts ready for Joseph’s arrival[ao] at noon, for they had heard[ap] that they were to have a meal[aq] there.
26 When Joseph came home, they presented him with the gifts they had brought inside,[ar] and they bowed down to the ground before him. 27 He asked them how they were doing.[as] Then he said, “Is your aging father well, the one you spoke about? Is he still alive?” 28 “Your servant our father is well,” they replied. “He is still alive.” They bowed down in humility.[at]
29 When Joseph looked up[au] and saw his brother Benjamin, his mother’s son, he said, “Is this your youngest brother, whom you told me about?” Then he said, “May God be gracious to you, my son.”[av] 30 Joseph hurried out, for he was overcome by affection for his brother[aw] and was at the point of tears.[ax] So he went to his room and wept there.
31 Then he washed his face and came out. With composure he said,[ay] “Set out the food.” 32 They set a place for him, a separate place for his brothers,[az] and another for the Egyptians who were eating with him. (The Egyptians are not able to eat with Hebrews, for the Egyptians think it is disgusting[ba] to do so.)[bb] 33 They sat before him, arranged by order of birth, beginning with the firstborn and ending with the youngest.[bc] The men looked at each other in astonishment.[bd] 34 He gave them portions of the food set before him,[be] but the portion for Benjamin was five times greater than the portions for any of the others. They drank with Joseph until they all became drunk.[bf]
Footnotes
- Genesis 43:1 tn The disjunctive clause gives supplemental information that is important to the storyline.
- Genesis 43:3 tn The infinitive absolute with the finite verb stresses the point. The primary meaning of the verb is “to witness; to testify.” It alludes to Joseph’s oath, which was tantamount to a threat or warning.
- Genesis 43:3 tn The idiom “see my face” means “have an audience with me.”
- Genesis 43:4 tn Heb “if there is you sending,” that is, “if you send.”
- Genesis 43:6 tn The verb may even have a moral connotation here, “Why did you do evil to me?”
- Genesis 43:6 tn The infinitive construct here explains how they brought trouble on Jacob.
- Genesis 43:7 tn The word “us” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
- Genesis 43:7 tn The infinitive absolute with the perfect verbal form emphasizes that Joseph questioned them thoroughly.
- Genesis 43:7 sn The report given here concerning Joseph’s interrogation does not exactly match the previous account where they supplied the information to clear themselves (see 42:13). This section may reflect how they remembered the impact of his interrogation, whether he asked the specific questions or not. That may be twisting the truth to protect themselves, not wanting to admit that they volunteered the information. (They admitted as much in 42:31, but now they seem to be qualifying that comment.) On the other hand, when speaking to Joseph later (see 44:19), Judah claims that Joseph asked for the information about their family, making it possible that 42:13 leaves out some of the details of their first encounter.
- Genesis 43:7 tn Heb “and we told to him according to these words.”
- Genesis 43:7 tn The infinitive absolute emphasizes the imperfect verbal form, which here is a historic future (that is, future from the perspective of a past time).
- Genesis 43:7 tn Once again the imperfect verbal form is used as a historic future (that is, future from the perspective of past time).
- Genesis 43:8 tn Heb “and we will rise up and we will go.” The first verb is adverbial and gives the expression the sense of “we will go immediately.”
- Genesis 43:8 tn After the preceding cohortatives, the prefixed verbal form (either imperfect or cohortative) with the prefixed conjunction here indicates purpose or result.
- Genesis 43:9 tn The pronoun before the first person verbal form draws attention to the subject and emphasizes Judah’s willingness to be personally responsible for the boy.
- Genesis 43:9 sn I will bear the blame before you all my life. It is not clear how this would work out if Benjamin did not come back. But Judah is offering his life for Benjamin’s if Benjamin does not return.
- Genesis 43:10 tn Heb “we could have returned.”
- Genesis 43:12 tn Heb “in your hand.”
- Genesis 43:12 tn Heb “take back in your hand.” The imperfect verbal form probably has an injunctive or obligatory force here, since Jacob is instructing his sons.
- Genesis 43:13 tn Heb “arise, return,” meaning “get up and go back,” or “go back immediately.”
- Genesis 43:13 sn The man refers to the Egyptian official, whom the reader or hearer of the narrative knows is Joseph. In this context both the sons and Jacob refer to him simply as “the man” (see vv. 3-7).
- Genesis 43:14 tn Heb “El Shaddai.” See the extended note on the phrase “Sovereign God” in Gen 17:1.
- Genesis 43:14 tn Heb “release to you.” After the jussive this perfect verbal form with prefixed vav (ו) probably indicates logical consequence, as well as temporal sequence.
- Genesis 43:14 sn Several Jewish commentators suggest that the expression your other brother refers to Joseph. This would mean that Jacob prophesied unwittingly. However, it is much more likely that Simeon is the referent of the phrase “your other brother” (see Gen 42:24).
- Genesis 43:14 tn Heb “if I am bereaved I am bereaved.” With this fatalistic sounding statement Jacob resolves himself to the possibility of losing both Benjamin and Simeon.
- Genesis 43:15 tn Heb “they arose and went down to Egypt.” The first verb has an adverbial function and emphasizes that they departed right away.
- Genesis 43:17 tn Heb “the man.” This has been replaced in the translation by the pronoun “he” for stylistic reasons.
- Genesis 43:17 sn This verse is a summary statement. The next verses delineate intermediate steps (see v. 24) in the process.
- Genesis 43:18 tn Heb “over the matter of.”
- Genesis 43:18 tn Heb “in the beginning,” that is, at the end of their first visit.
- Genesis 43:18 tn Heb “to roll himself upon us and to cause himself to fall upon us.” The infinitives here indicate the purpose (as viewed by the brothers) for their being brought to Joseph’s house.
- Genesis 43:18 tn The word “take” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
- Genesis 43:20 tn The infinitive absolute is used for emphasis before the finite verbal form.
- Genesis 43:20 tn Heb “in the beginning” (see the note on the phrase “last time” in v. 18).
- Genesis 43:21 tn Heb “his silver in its weight.”
- Genesis 43:21 tn Heb “brought it back in our hand.”
- Genesis 43:23 tn Heb “and he said, ‘peace to you.’” Here the statement has the force of “everything is fine,” or perhaps even “calm down.” The referent of “he” (the man in charge of Joseph’ household) has been specified in the translation for clarity, and the order of the introductory clause and the direct discourse has been rearranged for stylistic reasons.
- Genesis 43:23 sn Your God and the God of your father…This is the first clear reference in the story to the theme of divine providence—that God works through the human actions to do his will.
- Genesis 43:23 tn Heb “your money came to me.”
- Genesis 43:24 tn Heb “the man.”
- Genesis 43:25 tn The construction uses the infinitive construct after the preposition, followed by the subjective genitive.
- Genesis 43:25 tn The action precedes the action of preparing the gift, and so must be translated as past perfect.
- Genesis 43:25 tn Heb “eat bread.” The imperfect verbal form is used here as a historic future (future from the perspective of the past).
- Genesis 43:26 tn Heb “into the house.”
- Genesis 43:27 tn Heb “concerning peace.”
- Genesis 43:28 tn Heb “and they bowed low and they bowed down.” The use of synonyms here emphasizes the brothers’ humility.
- Genesis 43:29 tn Heb “and he lifted his eyes.” The referent of “he” (Joseph) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Genesis 43:29 sn Joseph’s language here becomes warmer and more personal, culminating in calling Benjamin my son.
- Genesis 43:30 tn Heb “for his affection boiled up concerning his brother.” The same expression is used in 1 Kgs 3:26 for the mother’s feelings for her endangered child.
- Genesis 43:30 tn Heb “and he sought to weep.”
- Genesis 43:31 tn Heb “and he controlled himself and said.”
- Genesis 43:32 tn Heb “them”; the referent (Joseph’s brothers) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Genesis 43:32 tn Or “disgraceful.” The Hebrew word תּוֹעֵבָה (toʿevah, “abomination”) describes something that is loathsome or off-limits. For other practices the Egyptians considered disgusting, see Gen 46:34 and Exod 8:22.
- Genesis 43:32 tn Heb “and they set for him by himself, and for them by themselves, and for the Egyptians who were eating with him by themselves, for the Egyptians are not able to eat food with the Hebrews, for it is an abomination for the Egyptians.” The imperfect verbal form in the explanatory clause is taken as habitual in force, indicating a practice that was still in effect in the narrator’s time.sn That the Egyptians found eating with foreigners disgusting is well-attested in extra-biblical literature by writers like Herodotus, Diodorus, and Strabo.
- Genesis 43:33 tn Heb “the firstborn according to his birthright and the youngest according to his youth.”
- Genesis 43:33 sn The brothers’ astonishment indicates that Joseph arranged them in this way. They were astonished because there was no way, as far as they were concerned, that Joseph could have known the order of their birth.
- Genesis 43:34 tn Heb “and he lifted up portions from before his face to them.”
- Genesis 43:34 tn Heb “and they drank and were intoxicated with him” (cf. NIV “drank freely with him”; NEB “grew merry”; NRSV “were merry”). The brothers were apparently relaxed and set at ease, despite Joseph’s obvious favoritism toward Benjamin.
創世記 43
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Traditional)
約瑟的哥哥們再下埃及
43 那地方的饑荒仍然非常嚴重， 2 他們從埃及帶回來的糧食吃完了，他們的父親對他們說：「你們再去買些糧食吧。」 3 猶大說：「那人嚴厲地警告我們，『不把你們的弟弟帶來，你們就不要再來見我。』 4 你若讓便雅憫跟我們同去，我們就去給你買糧。 5 你若不讓便雅憫跟我們同去，我們就不去給你買糧。因為那人說，『你們不把弟弟帶來，就不要再來見我。』」
6 以色列說：「你們為什麼告訴他你們還有一個弟弟，給我惹麻煩呢？」 7 他們回答說：「那人詳細詢問我們和我們家人的情況，問我們的父親是否在世，還有沒有弟兄。我們如實回答，怎會想到他非要我們把弟弟帶去呢？」
8 猶大對父親以色列說：「你就讓便雅憫跟我同去吧，我們好立刻動身，這樣我們一家老小才能保住性命，不致餓死。 9 我親自保證便雅憫的安全，你可以向我要人。我若不把他帶回來見你，情願一生擔罪。 10 我們若是沒有耽擱的話，現在已經往返兩趟了。」
11 他們的父親以色列說：「事到如今，只好這樣了。你們帶一些上好的乳香、蜂蜜、香料、沒藥、榧子和杏仁等土產，去送給那人作禮物吧。 12 你們還要帶雙倍的錢，好歸還上次留在你們口袋中的錢，那可能是弄錯了。 13 帶你們的弟弟去見那人吧！ 14 願全能的上帝叫那人憐憫你們，讓西緬和便雅憫回來。我若喪子就喪子吧！」
15 於是，他們就帶著便雅憫、禮物和雙倍的錢去埃及見約瑟。 16 約瑟看見便雅憫和他們同來，就對管家說：「你帶他們到我家裡去，宰殺牲畜，預備宴席，中午他們要跟我一起吃飯。」 17 管家照約瑟的吩咐，帶他們到約瑟家裡。 18 他們被帶到約瑟家後非常害怕，說：「他把我們帶到這裡來，一定跟上次放在我們口袋中的錢有關。他想害我們，強迫我們做他的奴僕，搶我們的驢。」
19 他們走到約瑟的管家跟前，在房門口對他說： 20 「先生，我們上次曾來這裡買糧。 21 但在回家的途中住宿時，我們打開口袋，發現我們帶來買糧的錢分毫不少地放在那裡。我們把這些錢帶回來了， 22 又另外帶了一些錢來買糧。我們不知道誰把買糧的錢放進了我們的口袋。」
23 管家說：「你們放心，不要害怕，你們口袋裡那些錢是你們的上帝，你們父親的上帝賜給你們的。我已經收了你們買糧的錢。」說完就把西緬帶出來和他們見面， 24 接著帶他們進約瑟的家，給他們水洗腳，給他們的驢餵草料。 25 他們知道要在那裡吃午餐，就預備好禮物，等約瑟中午回來。
26 約瑟來了，他們就把帶來的禮物獻給他，向他俯伏下拜。 27 約瑟向他們問好，然後說：「你們提起過你們的老父親，他還健在、安康嗎？」 28 他們回答說：「你僕人——我們的父親仍然健在、安康。」說完了，又向他下拜。 29 約瑟抬頭看見了自己的同胞弟弟便雅憫，就問道：「這就是你們所說那位最小的弟弟嗎？」他又對便雅憫說：「孩子，願上帝施恩給你。」 30 約瑟愛弟之心油然而生，急忙出去找哭的地方。他到自己的房間裡哭了一場。
31 他洗過臉出來，控制著自己的感情，吩咐人擺飯。 32 約瑟自己一桌，他的弟兄們一桌，那些和他們一起吃飯的埃及人一桌，因為埃及人厭惡和希伯來人同席。 33 約瑟讓他的弟兄們在他對面按照長幼次序坐，他們面面相覷，非常驚訝。 34 約瑟吩咐人把自己面前的菜餚分給他們，便雅憫得的那份比其他弟兄多五倍。他們盡情地和約瑟一同吃喝。
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