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Preamble. The Creation of the World

Chapter 1

The Story of Creation.[a] In the beginning, when God created the heavens and the earth(A)

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Footnotes

  1. 1:1–2:3

    This section, from the Priestly source, functions as an introduction, as ancient stories of the origin of the world (cosmogonies) often did. It introduces the primordial story (2:4–11:26), the stories of the ancestors (11:27–50:26), and indeed the whole Pentateuch. The chapter highlights the goodness of creation and the divine desire that human beings share in that goodness. God brings an orderly universe out of primordial chaos merely by uttering a word. In the literary structure of six days, the creation events in the first three days are related to those in the second three.

    1.light (day)/darkness (night)=4.sun/moon
    2.arrangement of water=5.fish + birds from waters
    3.a) dry land=6.a) animals
    b) vegetationb) human beings: male/female

    The seventh day, on which God rests, the climax of the account, falls outside the six-day structure.

    Until modern times the first line was always translated, “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.” Several comparable ancient cosmogonies, discovered in recent times, have a “when…then” construction, confirming the translation “when…then” here as well. “When” introduces the pre-creation state and “then” introduces the creative act affecting that state. The traditional translation, “In the beginning,” does not reflect the Hebrew syntax of the clause.

II

By the Lord’s word the heavens were made;
    by the breath of his mouth all their host.[a](A)
[b]He gathered the waters of the sea as a mound;
    he sets the deep into storage vaults.(B)

III

Let all the earth fear the Lord;
    let all who dwell in the world show him reverence.
For he spoke, and it came to be,
    commanded, and it stood in place.(C)

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Footnotes

  1. 33:6 All their host: the stars of the sky are commonly viewed as a vast army, e.g., Neh 9:6; Is 40:26; 45:12; Jer 33:22.
  2. 33:7 The waters…as a mound: ancients sometimes attributed the power keeping the seas from overwhelming land to a primordial victory of the storm-god over personified Sea.

11 Thus says the Lord,
    the Holy One of Israel, his maker:
Do you question me about my children,
    tell me how to treat the work of my hands?
12 It was I who made the earth
    and created the people upon it;
It was my hands that stretched out the heavens;
    I gave the order to all their host.

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15 He made the earth by his power,
    established the world by wisdom,
    and by his skill stretched out the heavens.(A)

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[a]All things came to be through him,
    and without him nothing came to be.(A)
What came to be

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Footnotes

  1. 1:3 What came to be: while the oldest manuscripts have no punctuation here, the corrector of Bodmer Papyrus P75, some manuscripts, and the Ante-Nicene Fathers take this phrase with what follows, as staircase parallelism. Connection with Jn 1:3 reflects fourth-century anti-Arianism.