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Ang Batas sa mga Alipin(A)

21 “Ito ang tuntuning ibibigay mo sa bayang Israel. Kapag(B) ang isang tao'y bumili ng aliping Hebreo, maglilingkod ito sa kanya sa loob ng anim na taon. Sa ikapito, makakalaya na siya nang hindi kailangang tubusin. Kung ang alipin ay walang asawa nang bilhin, aalis siyang walang asawa. Ngunit kung may asawa siya nang mabili, kasama niya sa pag-alis ang kanyang asawa. Kung sa kanyang pagkaalipin ay binigyan siya ng magiging asawa at nagkaanak sila, ang babae at ang mga anak ay maiiwan sa amo; siya lamang ang lalaya. Ngunit kung ayaw na niyang umalis sapagkat mahal niya ang kanyang asawa't mga anak, gayon din ang kanyang amo patutunayan niya ito sa harapan ng Diyos: dadalhin siya sa pintuan, sa tabi ng poste ng pinto at bubutasan ang isa niyang tainga. Sa gayon, magiging alipin siya habang buhay.

“Kapag ipinagbili ng ama ang kanyang anak na babae upang maging alipin, hindi ito palalayain tulad ng aliping lalaki. Ngunit kung ang babae'y ipinagbili bilang asawa ng kanyang amo, subalit siya'y hindi nito kinaluguran, siya ay maaaring ipatubos sa kanyang mga kamag-anak. Walang karapatan ang kanyang amo na siya'y ipagbili sa mga dayuhan sapagkat hindi ito naging makatarungan sa babae. Kung ang babae nama'y binili para sa anak ng amo, ituturing siya nito na parang tunay na anak. 10 At kung mag-asawa ng iba ang lalaki, ang babae ay patuloy na bibigyan ng kanyang pagkain, damit at patuloy na sisipingan ng kanyang asawang lalaki. 11 Kapag hindi tinupad ng lalaki ang tatlong bagay na ito, dapat palayain ang babae nang hindi na kailangang tubusin.

Mga Batas tungkol sa mga Karahasan

12 “Sinumang(C) manakit at makapatay sa kanyang kapwa ay dapat ring patayin. 13 Ngunit(D) kung hindi sinadya o binalak ang pagpatay at ito'y hinayaang mangyari ng Diyos, ang nakamatay ay maaaring magtago sa lugar na itatakda ko sa ganitong pangyayari. 14 Ngunit kung ang pagpatay ay sinasadya, darakpin ang pumatay at papatayin kahit magtago pa siya sa aking altar.

15 “Sinumang magbuhat ng kamay sa kanyang ama o ina ay dapat patayin.

16 “Sinumang(E) dumukot ng kapwa upang ipagbili o alipinin ay dapat patayin.

17 “Sinumang(F) magmura sa kanyang ama o ina ay dapat patayin.

18-19 “Ang manuntok o mamukpok ng bato sa pag-aaway ay hindi paparusahan kung ang sinuntok o pinukpok ay hindi namatay at muling nakalakad kahit nakatungkod. Ngunit kung ang sinuntok o pinukpok ay maratay, siya ay aalagaan ng nanakit at babayaran pa ang panahong hindi niya naipagtrabaho.

20 “Kapag sinaktan ng isang tao ang kanyang alipin, maging babae o lalaki, at ito'y namatay noon din, paparusahan ang taong iyon. 21 Ngunit kung ang alipin ay mabuhay ng isa o dalawang araw, hindi paparusahan ang amo sapagkat kanyang ari-arian ang alipin.

22 “Kung ang nag-aaway ay makasakit ng nagdadalang-tao at dahil doo'y nakunan ito, ngunit walang ibang pinsala, ang nakasakit ay magbabayad ng halagang hihingin ng asawa ng babae ayon sa kapasyahan ng mga hukom. 23 Ngunit kung may iba pang pinsalang tinamo ang babae, paparusahan ang nakasakit: buhay din ang kabayaran sa buhay, 24 mata(G) sa mata, ngipin sa ngipin, kamay sa kamay, paa sa paa, 25 sunog sa sunog, sugat sa sugat, galos sa galos.

26 “Kapag pinalo ng amo ang kanyang alipin, lalaki o babae, at ito'y nabulag, palalayain niya ang aliping iyon bilang kabayaran sa mata nito. 27 Ganoon din ang gagawin kung mabungi ng amo ang ngipin ng kanyang alipin, bilang kabayaran naman sa ngipin nito.

Ang Pananagutan ng May-ari

28 “Kapag ang isang baka ay nanuwag at nakapatay ng tao, babatuhin ang baka hanggang sa mamatay, ngunit huwag kakanin ang karne nito; walang pananagutan ang may-ari ng baka. 29 Kung ito'y dati nang nanunuwag ngunit pinabayaan pa ng may-ari matapos tawagin ang kanyang pansin, papatayin ang baka gayundin ang may-ari kapag nakamatay ang baka. 30 Gayunman, kung lalagyan ng halaga ang buhay ng namatay, babayaran ito ng may-ari at hindi na siya papatayin. 31 Kahit bata ang mapatay ng baka, iyan din ang tuntunin. 32 Kung alipin ang napatay sa suwag, ang amo ng alipin ay babayaran ng may-ari ng baka; tatlumpung pirasong pilak ang ibabayad at babatuhin ang baka hanggang sa mamatay.

33 “Kapag naiwang bukás ang isang balon, o kaya'y may humukay ng balon ngunit hindi tinakpan, at may baka o asnong nahulog doon, 34 ang nahulog na hayop ay babayaran ng may-ari ng balon ngunit kanya na ang hayop. 35 Kapag ang napatay naman sa suwag ay baka ng iba, ipagbibili ang nanuwag at ang pinagbilhan ay paghahatian ng dalawang may-ari, pati ang karne ng bakang napatay. 36 Ngunit kung ito'y dating nanunuwag at hindi ikinulong ng may-ari, papalitan niya ang napatay na baka at ito nama'y kanya na.

Laws About Slaves

21 “Now these are the (A)rules that you shall set before them. (B)When you buy a Hebrew slave,[a] he shall serve six years, and in the seventh he shall go out free, for nothing. If he comes in single, he shall go out single; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him. If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master's, and he shall go out alone. But (C)if the slave plainly says, ‘I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free,’ then his master shall bring him to (D)God, and he shall bring him to the door or the doorpost. And his master shall bore his ear through with an awl, and he shall be his slave forever.

“When a man (E)sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go out as the male slaves do. If she does not please her master, who has designated her[b] for himself, then he shall let her be redeemed. He shall have no right to sell her to a foreign people, since he has broken faith with her. If he designates her for his son, he shall deal with her as with a daughter. 10 If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, or (F)her marital rights. 11 And if he does not do these three things for her, she shall go out for nothing, without payment of money.

12 (G)“Whoever strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death. 13 (H)But if he did not lie in wait for him, but God let him fall into his hand, then (I)I will appoint for you a place to which he may flee. 14 But if a man willfully attacks another to kill him by cunning, (J)you shall take him from my altar, that he may die.

15 “Whoever strikes his father or his mother shall be put to death.

16 (K)“Whoever steals a man and sells him, and anyone found (L)in possession of him, shall be put to death.

17 (M)“Whoever curses[c] his father or his mother shall be put to death.

18 “When men quarrel and one strikes the other with a stone or with his fist and the man does not die but takes to his bed, 19 then if the man rises again and walks outdoors with his staff, he who struck him shall be clear; only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall have him thoroughly healed.

20 “When a man strikes his slave, male or female, with a rod and the slave dies under his hand, he shall be avenged. 21 But if the slave survives a day or two, he is not to be avenged, for the (N)slave is his money.

22 “When men strive together and hit a pregnant woman, so that her children come out, but there is no harm, the one who hit her shall surely be fined, as the woman's husband shall impose on him, and (O)he shall pay as the (P)judges determine. 23 But if there is harm,[d] then you shall pay (Q)life for life, 24 (R)eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, 25 burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.

26 “When a man strikes the eye of his slave, male or female, and destroys it, he shall let the slave go free because of his eye. 27 If he knocks out the tooth of his slave, male or female, he shall let the slave go free because of his tooth.

28 “When an ox gores a man or a woman to death, the (S)ox shall be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten, but the owner of the ox shall not be liable. 29 But if the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, and its owner has been warned but has not kept it in, and it kills a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned, and its owner also shall be put to death. 30 If (T)a ransom is imposed on him, then (U)he shall give for the redemption of his life whatever is imposed on him. 31 If it gores a man's son or daughter, he shall be dealt with according to this same rule. 32 If the ox gores a slave, male or female, the owner shall give to their master (V)thirty shekels[e] of silver, and (W)the ox shall be stoned.

Laws About Restitution

33 “When a man opens a pit, or when a man digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or a donkey falls into it, 34 the owner of the pit shall make restoration. He shall give money to its owner, and the dead beast shall be his.

35 “When one man's ox butts another's, so that it dies, then they shall sell the live ox and share its price, and the dead beast also they shall share. 36 Or if it is known that the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, and its owner has not kept it in, he shall repay ox for ox, and the dead beast shall be his.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 21:2 Or servant; the Hebrew term ‘ebed designates a range of social and economic roles; also verses 5, 6, 7, 20, 21, 26, 27, 32 (see Preface)
  2. Exodus 21:8 Or so that he has not designated her
  3. Exodus 21:17 Or dishonors; Septuagint reviles
  4. Exodus 21:23 Or so that her children come out and it is clear who was to blame, he shall be fined as the woman's husband shall impose on him, and he alone shall pay. 23 If it is unclear who was to blame
  5. Exodus 21:32 A shekel was about 2/5 ounce or 11 grams