Moïse

Moïse, sauvé des eaux

Un homme de la tribu de Lévi épousa une fille de la même tribu. Elle devint enceinte et donna le jour à un fils. Elle vit que c’était un beau bébé et le cacha pendant trois mois[a]. Quand elle ne parvint plus à le tenir caché, elle prit une corbeille en papyrus, l’enduisit d’asphalte et de poix et y plaça le petit garçon. Puis elle déposa la corbeille au milieu des joncs sur la rive du Nil. La sœur de l’enfant se posta à quelque distance pour voir ce qu’il en adviendrait.

Peu après, la fille du pharaon descendit sur les bords du fleuve pour s’y baigner. Ses suivantes se promenaient sur la berge le long du Nil. Elle aperçut la corbeille au milieu des joncs et la fit chercher par sa servante. Elle l’ouvrit et vit l’enfant : c’était un petit garçon qui pleurait. Elle eut pitié de lui et dit : C’est un petit des Hébreux.

Alors la sœur de l’enfant s’approcha et dit à la fille du pharaon : Veux-tu que j’aille te chercher une nourrice parmi les femmes des Hébreux pour qu’elle t’allaite cet enfant ?

La fille du pharaon lui dit : Va !

La jeune fille alla donc chercher la mère de l’enfant.

La princesse lui dit : Emmène cet enfant et allaite-le pour moi. Je te paierai un salaire.

La femme prit l’enfant et l’allaita. 10 Quand il eut grandi, elle l’amena à la fille du pharaon. Celle-ci l’adopta comme son fils et lui donna le nom de Moïse (Sorti), car, dit-elle, je l’ai sorti de l’eau.

Le meurtre d’un Egyptien

11 Le temps passa. Lorsque Moïse fut devenu adulte, il alla rendre visite à ses frères de race et fut témoin des corvées qu’on leur imposait. Il vit un Egyptien qui rouait de coups l’un de ses frères hébreux. 12 Après avoir regardé de côté et d’autre pour voir s’il n’y avait personne, il frappa l’Egyptien à mort et l’enfouit dans le sable. 13 Le lendemain, il revint et aperçut deux Hébreux qui se battaient. Alors il dit à celui qui avait tort : Pourquoi frappes-tu ton compagnon ?

14 Mais celui-ci répliqua : Qui t’a établi chef et juge[b] sur nous ? Veux-tu aussi me tuer comme tu as tué l’Egyptien ?

Alors Moïse prit peur ; il comprit que l’affaire s’était ébruitée.

La fuite au désert

15 Effectivement, le pharaon apprit ce qui s’était passé et chercha à faire mourir Moïse, mais celui-ci prit la fuite. Il se rendit au pays de Madian[c] et s’assit près d’un puits[d].

16 Le prêtre de Madian avait sept filles. Elles vinrent puiser de l’eau et remplirent les abreuvoirs pour faire boire le petit bétail de leur père. 17 Mais des bergers survinrent et se mirent à les chasser. Alors Moïse intervint pour les défendre et fit boire leur troupeau. 18 Quand elles revinrent vers Reouel[e] leur père, celui-ci leur demanda :

Comment se fait-il que vous soyez si vite de retour aujourd’hui ?

19 – Un Egyptien nous a défendues contre les bergers, dirent-elles, et même : il a puisé pour nous beaucoup d’eau et a fait boire le troupeau.

20 – Où est cet homme à présent ? Pourquoi l’avez-vous laissé là-bas ? Allez le chercher pour qu’il vienne manger chez nous.

21 Moïse accepta de s’établir chez cet homme qui lui donna sa fille Séphora en mariage. 22 Elle lui donna un fils qu’il appela Guershom (Emigré en ces lieux) car, dit-il, je suis un émigré dans une terre étrangère.

Moïse envoyé par Dieu

Dieu intervient selon son alliance

23 Beaucoup de temps passa. Le pharaon d’Egypte mourut et les Israélites gémissaient et criaient encore sous le poids de l’esclavage, et leur appel parvint jusqu’à Dieu. 24 Dieu entendit leur plainte et tint compte de son alliance avec Abraham, avec Isaac et avec Jacob[f]. 25 Il vit les Israélites et prit leur situation en considération.

Footnotes

  1. 2.2 Voir Ac 7.20 ; Hé 11.23.
  2. 2.14 Le terme hébreu rendu par « juge » a aussi le sens de « dirigeant », « chef ». C’est certainement le cas ici, comme dans le livre des Juges.
  3. 2.15 Madian était un fils d’Abraham (Gn 25.2). Les Madianites étaient établis au nord de la presqu’île du Sinaï.
  4. 2.15 Voir Ac 7.23-29.
  5. 2.18 Autre nom de Jéthro (3.1). Jéthro pourrait être un titre signifiant : son excellence.
  6. 2.24 Voir Gn 15.13-14.

Now [Amram] a man of the house of Levi [the priestly tribe] went and took as his wife [Jochebed] a daughter of Levi.(A)

And the woman became pregnant and bore a son; and when she saw that he was [exceedingly] beautiful, she hid him three months.(B)

And when she could no longer hide him, she took for him an ark or basket made of bulrushes or papyrus [making it watertight by] daubing it with bitumen and pitch. Then she put the child in it and laid it among the rushes by the brink of the river [Nile].

And his sister [Miriam] stood some distance away to [a]learn what would be done to him.

Now the daughter of Pharaoh came down to bathe at the river, and her maidens walked along the bank; she saw the ark among the rushes and sent her maid to fetch it.

When she opened it, she saw the child; and behold, the baby cried. And she took pity on him and said, This is one of the Hebrews’ children!

Then his sister said to Pharaoh’s daughter, Shall I go and call a nurse of the Hebrew women to nurse the child for you?

Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, Go. And the girl went and called the child’s mother.

Then Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, Take this child away and nurse it for me, and I will give you your wages. So the woman took the child and nursed it.

10 And the child grew, and she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter and he became her son. And she called him Moses, for she said, Because I drew him out of the water.

11 One day, after Moses was grown, it happened that he went out to his brethren and looked at their burdens; and he saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of [Moses’] brethren.

12 He looked this way and that way, and when he saw no one, he killed the Egyptian and hid him in the sand.

13 He went out the second day and saw two Hebrew men quarreling and fighting; and he said to the unjust aggressor, Why are you striking your comrade?

14 And the man said, Who made you a prince and a judge over us? Do you intend to kill me as you killed the Egyptian? Then Moses was afraid and thought, Surely this thing is known.

15 When Pharaoh heard of it, he sought to slay Moses. But Moses fled from Pharaoh’s presence and [b]took refuge in the land of Midian, where he sat down by a well.

16 Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters, and they came and drew water and filled the troughs to water their father’s flock.

17 The shepherds came and drove them away; but Moses stood up and helped them and watered their flock.

18 And when they came to Reuel [Jethro] their father, he said, How is it that you have come so soon today?

19 They said, An Egyptian delivered us from the shepherds; also he drew water for us and watered the flock.

20 He said to his daughters, Where is he? Why have you left the man? Call him, that he may eat bread.

21 And Moses was content to dwell with the man; and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter.

22 And she bore a son, and he called his name Gershom [expulsion, or a stranger there]; for he said, I have been a stranger and a sojourner in a foreign land.

23 However, after a long time [nearly forty years] the king of Egypt died; and the Israelites were sighing and groaning because of the bondage. They kept crying, and their cry because of slavery ascended to God.

24 And God heard their sighing and groaning and [earnestly] remembered His covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob.

25 God saw the Israelites and took knowledge of them and concerned Himself about them [knowing all, understanding, remembering all].(C)

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 2:4 They launched the ark not only on the Nile but on God’s providence. He would be Captain, Steersman, and Convoy of the tiny ark. Miriam stood to watch. There was no fear of fatal consequences, only the quiet expectancy that God would do something worthy of Himself. They reckoned on God’s faithfulness and they were amply rewarded when the daughter of their greatest foe became the babe’s patroness (F. B. Meyer, Through the Bible Day by Day).
  2. Exodus 2:15 “There was true heroism in the act, when Moses stepped down from Pharaoh’s throne to share the lot of his brethren. But it would take many a long year of lonely waiting and trial before this strong and radiant nature could be broken down, shaped into a vessel meet for the Master’s use, and prepared for every good work.... One blow struck when God’s time is fulfilled is worth a thousand struck in premature eagerness” (F. B. Meyer, Moses, the Servant of God).

And there went a man of the house of Levi, and took to wife a daughter of Levi.

And the woman conceived, and bare a son: and when she saw him that he was a goodly child, she hid him three months.

And when she could not longer hide him, she took for him an ark of bulrushes, and daubed it with slime and with pitch, and put the child therein; and she laid it in the flags by the river's brink.

And his sister stood afar off, to wit what would be done to him.

And the daughter of Pharaoh came down to wash herself at the river; and her maidens walked along by the river's side; and when she saw the ark among the flags, she sent her maid to fetch it.

And when she had opened it, she saw the child: and, behold, the babe wept. And she had compassion on him, and said, This is one of the Hebrews' children.

Then said his sister to Pharaoh's daughter, Shall I go and call to thee a nurse of the Hebrew women, that she may nurse the child for thee?

And Pharaoh's daughter said to her, Go. And the maid went and called the child's mother.

And Pharaoh's daughter said unto her, Take this child away, and nurse it for me, and I will give thee thy wages. And the women took the child, and nursed it.

10 And the child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter, and he became her son. And she called his name Moses: and she said, Because I drew him out of the water.

11 And it came to pass in those days, when Moses was grown, that he went out unto his brethren, and looked on their burdens: and he spied an Egyptian smiting an Hebrew, one of his brethren.

12 And he looked this way and that way, and when he saw that there was no man, he slew the Egyptian, and hid him in the sand.

13 And when he went out the second day, behold, two men of the Hebrews strove together: and he said to him that did the wrong, Wherefore smitest thou thy fellow?

14 And he said, Who made thee a prince and a judge over us? intendest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? And Moses feared, and said, Surely this thing is known.

15 Now when Pharaoh heard this thing, he sought to slay Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and dwelt in the land of Midian: and he sat down by a well.

16 Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters: and they came and drew water, and filled the troughs to water their father's flock.

17 And the shepherds came and drove them away: but Moses stood up and helped them, and watered their flock.

18 And when they came to Reuel their father, he said, How is it that ye are come so soon to day?

19 And they said, An Egyptian delivered us out of the hand of the shepherds, and also drew water enough for us, and watered the flock.

20 And he said unto his daughters, And where is he? why is it that ye have left the man? call him, that he may eat bread.

21 And Moses was content to dwell with the man: and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter.

22 And she bare him a son, and he called his name Gershom: for he said, I have been a stranger in a strange land.

23 And it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage.

24 And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob.

25 And God looked upon the children of Israel, and God had respect unto them.

The Birth of Moses

Now a man of the tribe of Levi(A) married a Levite woman,(B) and she became pregnant and gave birth to a son. When she saw that he was a fine(C) child, she hid him for three months.(D) But when she could hide him no longer, she got a papyrus(E) basket[a] for him and coated it with tar and pitch.(F) Then she placed the child in it and put it among the reeds(G) along the bank of the Nile. His sister(H) stood at a distance to see what would happen to him.

Then Pharaoh’s daughter went down to the Nile to bathe, and her attendants were walking along the riverbank.(I) She saw the basket among the reeds and sent her female slave to get it. She opened it and saw the baby. He was crying, and she felt sorry for him. “This is one of the Hebrew babies,” she said.

Then his sister asked Pharaoh’s daughter, “Shall I go and get one of the Hebrew women to nurse the baby for you?”

“Yes, go,” she answered. So the girl went and got the baby’s mother. Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Take this baby and nurse him for me, and I will pay you.” So the woman took the baby and nursed him. 10 When the child grew older, she took him to Pharaoh’s daughter and he became her son. She named(J) him Moses,[b] saying, “I drew(K) him out of the water.”

Moses Flees to Midian

11 One day, after Moses had grown up, he went out to where his own people(L) were and watched them at their hard labor.(M) He saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his own people. 12 Looking this way and that and seeing no one, he killed the Egyptian and hid him in the sand. 13 The next day he went out and saw two Hebrews fighting. He asked the one in the wrong, “Why are you hitting your fellow Hebrew?”(N)

14 The man said, “Who made you ruler and judge over us?(O) Are you thinking of killing me as you killed the Egyptian?” Then Moses was afraid and thought, “What I did must have become known.”

15 When Pharaoh heard of this, he tried to kill(P) Moses, but Moses fled(Q) from Pharaoh and went to live in Midian,(R) where he sat down by a well. 16 Now a priest of Midian(S) had seven daughters, and they came to draw water(T) and fill the troughs(U) to water their father’s flock. 17 Some shepherds came along and drove them away, but Moses got up and came to their rescue(V) and watered their flock.(W)

18 When the girls returned to Reuel(X) their father, he asked them, “Why have you returned so early today?”

19 They answered, “An Egyptian rescued us from the shepherds. He even drew water for us and watered the flock.”

20 “And where is he?” Reuel asked his daughters. “Why did you leave him? Invite him to have something to eat.”(Y)

21 Moses agreed to stay with the man, who gave his daughter Zipporah(Z) to Moses in marriage. 22 Zipporah gave birth to a son, and Moses named him Gershom,[c](AA) saying, “I have become a foreigner(AB) in a foreign land.”

23 During that long period,(AC) the king of Egypt died.(AD) The Israelites groaned in their slavery(AE) and cried out, and their cry(AF) for help because of their slavery went up to God. 24 God heard their groaning and he remembered(AG) his covenant(AH) with Abraham, with Isaac and with Jacob. 25 So God looked on the Israelites and was concerned(AI) about them.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 2:3 The Hebrew can also mean ark, as in Gen. 6:14.
  2. Exodus 2:10 Moses sounds like the Hebrew for draw out.
  3. Exodus 2:22 Gershom sounds like the Hebrew for a foreigner there.