Ester 9
Dios Habla Hoy
Triunfo de los judíos
9 El día trece del mes doce, llamado Adar, era la fecha señalada para el cumplimiento de la orden del rey, y también el día en que los enemigos de los judíos esperaban dominarlos; pero sucedió todo lo contrario, pues los judíos los dominaron a ellos. 2 En todas las provincias del rey Asuero, los judíos se reunieron en las ciudades donde vivían, para atacar a los que habían querido su desgracia. No hubo nadie que se enfrentara con ellos, porque el terror se había apoderado de todos los pueblos. 3 Todas las autoridades de las provincias, los gobernadores regionales y provinciales, y los que ocupaban altos cargos en el gobierno, apoyaban a los judíos por miedo a Mardoqueo, 4 pues él era ya un gran personaje en el palacio real y su fama se había extendido por todas las provincias, y cada día tenía más poder. 5 A filo de espada acabaron los judíos con todos sus enemigos; los exterminaron por completo e hicieron con ellos lo que quisieron. 6 Tan sólo en la ciudadela de Susa mataron a quinientos hombres; 7 mataron también a Parsandata, Dalfón, Aspata, 8 Porata, Adalías, Aridata, 9 Parmasta, Arisai, Aridai y Vaizata, 10 que eran los diez hijos de Amam, el enemigo de los judíos; pero no tocaron sus bienes.
11 Aquel mismo día, al enterarse el rey del número de muertos que había habido en la ciudadela de Susa, 12 le dijo a la reina Ester:
—Los judíos han matado a quinientos hombres y a los diez hijos de Amam en la ciudadela de Susa. ¿Qué más habrán hecho en las otras provincias del reino? ¡Dime qué más deseas, y te lo concederé!
13 Y Ester respondió:
—Si a Su Majestad le parece bien, que se permita a los judíos de Susa hacer mañana lo mismo que han hecho conforme al decreto, y que se cuelguen en la horca los cuerpos de los diez hijos de Amam.
14 El rey ordenó que se hiciera así. El decreto se publicó en Susa, y los cadáveres de los diez hijos de Amam fueron colgados.
15 Los judíos que vivían en Susa se volvieron a reunir el día catorce del mes de Adar, y mataron allí a trescientos hombres más; pero no tocaron sus bienes. 16-17 Los judíos que vivían en las otras provincias se reunieron, el día trece del mismo mes, para defender sus vidas y deshacerse de sus enemigos; mataron a setenta y cinco mil de ellos, pero no tocaron sus bienes. El día catorce descansaron y lo celebraron con banquetes y alegría.
18 Como los judíos de Susa se habían concentrado los días trece y catorce, descansaron el día quince, celebrándolo también con banquetes y alegría. 19 Pero los judíos que viven en pueblos y aldeas que no tienen murallas, celebran el día catorce del mes de Adar con alegría y fiestas, y unos a otros se hacen regalos.
20 Mardoqueo puso por escrito estos acontecimientos, y envió cartas a todos los judíos que habitaban en las provincias del reino de Asuero, tanto cercanas como lejanas, 21 ordenándoles que cada año celebraran los días catorce y quince del mes de Adar 22 como los días en que los judíos se deshicieron de sus enemigos, y como el mes en que la tristeza y los gritos de dolor se cambiaron para ellos en alegría y fiesta. Estos días deberían celebrarse con banquetes y alegría, haciéndose regalos unos a otros y dando limosnas a los pobres. 23 Los judíos convirtieron en costumbre este acontecimiento y lo que Mardoqueo les había escrito. 24 Pues Amam, el enemigo de todos los judíos, había pensado exterminarlos echando suertes para matarlos y destruirlos; 25 pero cuando Ester se presentó al rey, éste ordenó por escrito que todo el mal que Amam había pensado hacer a los judíos cayera sobre él. Así Amam y sus hijos fueron colgados en la horca. 26 Por esta razón, estos días fueron llamados purim, que es el plural de pur.
Así pues, conforme a la carta de Mardoqueo y a lo que habían visto y les había tocado vivir, 27 los judíos establecieron esta costumbre para ellos y sus descendientes, y para todos los que se convirtieran al judaísmo: celebrar todos los años, sin falta, estos dos días en la fecha señalada, conforme a las instrucciones que se habían dado; 28 y que estos días fueran recordados y celebrados de generación en generación, en cada clan, provincia y ciudad, para que jamás se perdiera su recuerdo entre los judíos y sus descendientes. 29 La reina Ester, hija de Abihail, y Mardoqueo el judío, escribieron con plena autoridad una segunda carta referente a la fiesta de Purim, para confirmar la primera, 30 y la enviaron a todos los judíos de las ciento veintisiete provincias del reino de Asuero, con palabras amistosas y sinceras, 31 ordenando que se celebrara la fiesta de Purim en la fecha señalada, tal como lo habían ordenado Mardoqueo y la reina Ester para ellos y sus descendientes. Al mismo tiempo se añadieron ciertas reglas referentes a ayunos y lamentaciones, 32 y la orden de Ester confirmó las reglas que deberían seguirse para la celebración del Purim. Todo esto se puso por escrito en un libro.
Esther 9
New English Translation
The Jews Prevail over Their Enemies
9 In the twelfth month (that is, the month of Adar), on its thirteenth day, the edict of the king and his law were to be executed. It was on this day that the enemies of the Jews had supposed that they would gain power over them. But contrary to expectations, the Jews gained power over their enemies. 2 The Jews assembled themselves in their cities throughout all the provinces of King Ahasuerus to strike out against those who were seeking their harm. No one was able to stand before them, for dread of them fell on all the peoples. 3 All the officials of the provinces, the satraps, the governors, and those who performed the king’s business were assisting the Jews, for the dread of Mordecai had fallen on them. 4 Mordecai was of high rank[a] in the king’s palace, and word about him was spreading throughout all the provinces. His influence[b] continued to become greater and greater.
5 The Jews struck all their enemies with the sword, bringing death and destruction, and they did as they pleased with their enemies. 6 In Susa the citadel the Jews killed and destroyed 500 men. 7 In addition, they also killed Parshandatha, Dalphon, Aspatha, 8 Poratha, Adalia, Aridatha, 9 Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai, and Vaizatha, 10 the ten sons of Haman son of Hammedatha, the enemy of the Jews. But they did not confiscate their property.
11 On that same day the number of those killed in Susa the citadel was brought to the king’s attention. 12 Then the king said to Queen Esther, “In Susa the citadel the Jews have killed and destroyed 500 men and the ten sons of Haman. What then have they done in the rest of the king’s provinces? What is your request? It shall be given to you. What other petition do you have? It shall be done.”
13 Esther replied, “If the king is so inclined, let the Jews who are in Susa be permitted to act tomorrow also according to today’s law, and let them hang the ten sons of Haman on the gallows.”
14 So the king issued orders for this to be done. A law was passed in Susa, and the ten sons of Haman were hanged. 15 The Jews who were in Susa then assembled on the fourteenth day of the month of Adar, and they killed 300 men in Susa. But they did not confiscate their property.
16 The rest of the Jews who were throughout the provinces of the king assembled in order to stand up for themselves and to have rest from their enemies. They killed 75,000[c] of their adversaries, but they did not confiscate their property. 17 All this happened on the thirteenth day of the month of Adar. They then rested on the fourteenth day and made it a day for banqueting and happiness.
The Origins of the Feast of Purim
18 But the Jews who were in Susa assembled on the thirteenth and fourteenth days, and rested on the fifteenth, making it a day for banqueting and happiness. 19 This is why the Jews who are in the rural country—those who live in rural villages—set aside the fourteenth day of the month of Adar for happiness, banqueting, a holiday, and sending gifts to one another.
20 Mordecai wrote these matters down and sent letters to all the Jews who were throughout all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, both near and far, 21 to have them observe the fourteenth and the fifteenth days of the month of Adar each year 22 as the time when the Jews gave themselves rest from their enemies—the month when their trouble was turned to happiness and their mourning to a holiday. These were to be days of banqueting, happiness, sending gifts to one another, and providing for the poor.
23 So the Jews committed themselves to continuing what they had begun to do and to what Mordecai had written to them. 24 For Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised plans against the Jews to destroy them. He had cast pur (that is, the lot) in order to afflict and destroy them. 25 But when the matter came to the king’s attention, the king[d] gave written orders that Haman’s[e] evil intentions that he had devised against the Jews should fall on his own head. He and his sons were hanged on the gallows. 26 For this reason these days are known as Purim, after the name of pur. Therefore, because of the account found in this letter and what they had faced in this regard and what had happened to them, 27 the Jews established as binding on themselves, their descendants, and all who joined their company that they should observe these two days without fail, just as written and at the appropriate time on an annual basis. 28 These days were to be remembered and to be celebrated in every generation and in every family, every province, and every city. The Jews were not to fail to observe these days of Purim; the remembrance of them was not to cease among their descendants.
29 So Queen Esther, the daughter of Abihail, and Mordecai the Jew wrote with full authority to confirm this second[f] letter about Purim. 30 Letters were sent[g] to all the Jews in the 127 provinces of the empire of Ahasuerus—words of true peace[h]— 31 to establish these days of Purim in their proper times, just as Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther had established, and just as they had established both for themselves and their descendants, matters pertaining to fasting and lamentation. 32 Esther’s command established these matters of Purim, and the matter was officially recorded.[i]
Footnotes
- Esther 9:4 tn Heb “great”; NRSV “powerful”; NIV “prominent”; NCV “very important.”
- Esther 9:4 tn Heb “the man Mordecai” (so NASB, NRSV).
- Esther 9:16 tc For this number much of the Greek ms tradition reads “fifteen thousand.” The Lucianic Greek recension reads “70,100.”
- Esther 9:25 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Esther 9:25 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Haman) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Esther 9:29 tc The LXX and the Syriac Peshitta omit the word “second.”
- Esther 9:30 tc The present translation is based on the Niphal form וַיִּשָׁלַח (vayyishalakh, “were sent”; so also NRSV, TEV, CEV, NLT) rather than the reading of the MT וַיִּשְׁלַח (vayyishlakh, Qal, “and he sent”). The subject of the MT verb would have to be Mordecai (cf. NAB, NIV, NCV), but this is problematic in light of v. 29, where both Esther and Mordecai are responsible for the letters.
- Esther 9:30 tn Heb “peace and truth.” The expression is probably a hendiadys (see the note on 5:10 for an explanation of this figure).
- Esther 9:32 tn Heb “written in the book” (so NASB); NIV, NLT “written down in the records”; NRSV “recorded in writing.”
Esther 9
Contemporary English Version
The Jews Destroy Their Enemies
9 The first law that the king had made was to be followed on the thirteenth day of Adar,[a] the twelfth month. This was the very day that the enemies of the Jews had hoped to do away with them. But the Jews turned things around, 2 and in the cities of every province they came together to attack their enemies. Everyone was afraid of the Jews, and no one could do anything to oppose them.
3 The leaders of the provinces, the rulers, the governors, and the court officials were afraid of Mordecai and took sides with the Jews. 4 Everyone in the provinces knew that the king had promoted him and had given him a lot of power.
5 The Jews took their swords and did away with their enemies, without showing any mercy. 6-10 They killed 500 people in Susa,[b] but they did not take anything that belonged to the ones they killed. Haman had been one of the worst enemies of the Jews, and ten of his sons were among those who were killed. Their names were Parshandatha, Dalphon, Aspatha, Poratha, Adalia, Aridatha, Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai, and Vaizatha.
11 Later that day, someone told the king how many people had been killed in Susa.[c] 12 Then he told Esther, “Five hundred people, including Haman's ten sons, have been killed in Susa alone. If that many were killed here, what must have happened in the provinces? Is there anything else you want done? Just tell me, and it will be done.”
13 Esther answered, “Your Majesty, please let the Jews in Susa fight to defend themselves tomorrow, just as they did today. And order the bodies of Haman's ten sons to be hanged in public.”
14 King Xerxes did what Esther had requested, and the bodies of Haman's sons were hung in Susa. 15 Then on the fourteenth day of Adar the Jews of the city got together and killed 300 more people. But they still did not take anything that belonged to their enemies.
16-17 On the thirteenth day of Adar, the Jews in the provinces had come together to defend themselves. They killed 75,000 of their enemies, but the Jews did not take anything that belonged to the ones they killed. Then on the fourteenth day of the month the Jews celebrated with a feast.
18 (A) On the fifteenth day of the month the Jews in Susa held a holiday and celebrated, after killing their enemies on the thirteenth and the fourteenth. 19 This is why the Jews in the villages now celebrate on the fourteenth day of the month. It is a joyful holiday that they celebrate by feasting and sending gifts of food to each other.
The Festival of Purim
20 Mordecai wrote down everything that had happened. Then he sent letters to the Jews everywhere in the provinces 21 and told them:
Each year you must celebrate on both the fourteenth and the fifteenth of Adar, 22 the days when we Jews defeated our enemies. Remember this month as a time when our sorrow was turned to joy, and celebration took the place of crying. Celebrate by having parties and by giving to the poor and by sharing gifts of food with each other.
23 They followed Mordecai's instructions and set aside these two days every year as a time of celebration.
The Reason for the Festival of Purim
24 (B) Haman was the son of Hammedatha and a descendant of Agag. He hated the Jews so much that he planned to destroy them, but he wanted to find out the best time to do it. So he cast lots.[d]
25 Esther went to King Xerxes and asked him to save her people. Then the king gave written orders for Haman and his sons to be punished in the same terrible way that Haman had in mind for the Jews. So they were hanged. 26 Mordecai's letter had said that the Jews must celebrate for two days because of what had happened to them. This time of celebration is called Purim,[e] which is the Hebrew word for the lots that were cast. 27 Now every year the Jews set aside these two days for having parties and celebrating, just as they were told to do. 28 From now on, all Jewish families must remember to celebrate Purim on these two days each year.
29 Queen Esther, daughter of Abihail, wanted to give full authority to Mordecai's letter about the Festival of Purim, and with his help she wrote a letter about the feast. 30 Copies of this letter were sent to Jews in the 127 provinces of King Xerxes. In the letter they said:
We pray that all of you will live in peace and safety.
31 You and your descendants must always remember to celebrate Purim at the time and in the way that we have said. You must also follow the instructions that we have given you about mourning and going without eating.[f]
32 These laws about Purim are written by the authority of Queen Esther.
Footnotes
- 9.1 Adar: See the note at 3.7.
- 9.6-10 in Susa: Or “in the royal fortress in Susa.”
- 9.11 in Susa: See the note at 9.6-10.
- 9.24 cast lots: See the note at 3.7.
- 9.26 Purim: The Jewish festival of Purim got its name from “purim,” which is the Babylonian name for the lots that Haman used. Purim is celebrated each year on the fourteenth and fifteenth of Adar, which is about the first of March.
- 9.31 going without eating: See the note at 4.3.
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