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Deuteronomy 24
New English Translation

24 If a man marries a woman and she does not please him because he has found something indecent[a] in her, then he may draw up a divorce document, give it to her, and evict her from his house. 2 When she has left him[b] she may go and become someone else’s wife. 3 If the second husband rejects[c] her and then divorces her,[d] gives her the papers, and evicts her from his house, or if the second husband who married her dies, 4 her first husband who divorced her is not permitted to remarry[e] her after she has become ritually impure, for that is offensive to the Lord.[f] You must not bring guilt on the land[g] that the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance.

5 When a man is newly married, he need not go into[h] the army nor be obligated in any way; he must be free to stay at home for a full year and bring joy to[i] the wife he has married.

6 One must not take either lower or upper millstones as security on a loan, for that is like taking a life itself as security.[j]

7 If a man is found kidnapping a person from among his fellow Israelites,[k] and regards him as mere property[l] and sells him, that kidnapper[m] must die. In this way you will purge[n] the evil from among you.

Respect for Human Dignity

8 Be careful during an outbreak of leprosy to follow precisely[o] all that the Levitical priests instruct you; as I have commanded them, so you should do. 9 Remember what the Lord your God did to Miriam[p] along the way after you left Egypt.

10 When you make any kind of loan to your neighbor, you may not go into his house to claim what he is offering as security.[q] 11 You must stand outside and the person to whom you are making the loan will bring out to you what he is offering as security.[r] 12 If the person is poor you may not use what he gives you as security for a covering.[s] 13 You must by all means[t] return to him at sunset the item he gave you as security so that he may sleep in his outer garment and bless you for it; it will be considered a just deed[u] by the Lord your God.

14 You must not oppress a lowly and poor servant, whether one from among your fellow Israelites[v] or from the resident foreigners who are living in your land and villages.[w] 15 You must pay his wage that very day before the sun sets, for he is poor and his life depends on it. Otherwise he will cry out to the Lord against you, and you will be guilty of sin.

16 Fathers must not be put to death for what their children[x] do, nor children for what their fathers do; each must be put to death for his own sin.

17 You must not pervert justice[y] due a resident foreigner or an orphan, or take a widow’s garment as security for a loan. 18 Remember that you were slaves in Egypt and that the Lord your God redeemed you from there; therefore I am commanding you to do all this. 19 Whenever you reap your harvest in your field and leave some unraked grain there,[z] you must not return to get it; it should go to the resident foreigner, orphan, and widow so that the Lord your God may bless all the work you do.[aa] 20 When you beat your olive tree you must not repeat the procedure;[ab] the remaining olives belong to the resident foreigner, orphan, and widow. 21 When you gather the grapes of your vineyard you must not do so a second time;[ac] they should go to the resident foreigner, orphan, and widow. 22 Remember that you were slaves in the land of Egypt; therefore, I am commanding you to do all this.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 24:1 tn The Hebrew phrase עֶרְוַת דָּבָר (ʿervat davar) involves a genitive of specification, something characterized by עֶרְוָה (ʿervah). עֶרְוָה means “nakedness,” and by extension means “shame, sexual impropriety, sexual organs, indecency” (NIDOTTE III 528, Jastrow 1114-15).
  2. Deuteronomy 24:2 tn Heb “his house.”
  3. Deuteronomy 24:3 tn Heb “hates.” See note on the word “other” in Deut 21:15.
  4. Deuteronomy 24:3 tn Heb “writes her a document of divorce.”
  5. Deuteronomy 24:4 tn Heb “to return to take her to be his wife.”
  6. Deuteronomy 24:4 sn The issue here is not divorce and its grounds per se but prohibition of remarriage to a mate whom one has previously divorced.
  7. Deuteronomy 24:4 tn Heb “cause the land to sin” (so KJV, ASV).
  8. Deuteronomy 24:5 tn Heb “go out with.”
  9. Deuteronomy 24:5 tc For the MT’s reading Piel שִׂמַּח (simmakh, “bring joy to”), the Syriac and others read שָׂמַח (samakh, “enjoy”).
  10. Deuteronomy 24:6 sn Taking millstones as security on a loan would amount to taking the owner’s own life in pledge, since the millstones were the owner’s means of earning a living and supporting his family.
  11. Deuteronomy 24:7 tn Heb “from his brothers, from the sons of Israel.” The terms “brothers” and “sons of Israel” are in apposition; the second defines the first more specifically.
  12. Deuteronomy 24:7 tn Or “and enslaves him.”
  13. Deuteronomy 24:7 tn Heb “that thief.”
  14. Deuteronomy 24:7 tn Heb “burn.” See note on the word “purge” in Deut 19:19.
  15. Deuteronomy 24:8 tn Heb “to watch carefully and to do.”
  16. Deuteronomy 24:9 sn What the Lord your God did to Miriam. The reference is to Miriam’s having contracted leprosy because of her intemperate challenge to Moses’ leadership (Num 12:1-15). The purpose for the allusion here appears to be the assertion of the theocratic leadership of the priests who, like Moses, should not be despised.
  17. Deuteronomy 24:10 tn Heb “his pledge.” This refers to something offered as pledge of repayment, i.e., as security for the debt.
  18. Deuteronomy 24:11 tn Heb “his pledge.”
  19. Deuteronomy 24:12 tn Heb “may not lie down in his pledge.” What is in view is the use of clothing as guarantee for the repayment of loans, a matter already addressed elsewhere (Deut 23:19-20; 24:6; cf. Exod 22:25-26; Lev 25:35-37). Cf. NAB “you shall not sleep in the mantle he gives as a pledge”; NRSV “in the garment given you as the pledge.”
  20. Deuteronomy 24:13 tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, which the translation seeks to reflect with “by all means.”
  21. Deuteronomy 24:13 tn Or “righteous” (so NIV, NLT).
  22. Deuteronomy 24:14 tn Heb “your brothers,” but not limited only to actual siblings; cf. NASB, NAB “countrymen.”
  23. Deuteronomy 24:14 tn Heb “who are in your land in your gates.” The word “living” is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  24. Deuteronomy 24:16 tn Heb “sons” (so NASB; twice in this verse). Many English versions, including the KJV, read “children” here.
  25. Deuteronomy 24:17 sn Besides not oppressing the resident foreigner (גֵּר; ger) (Exod 22:21; Deut 24:14, 17; 27:19), Israel was told to love them (Lev 19:33-34; Deut 10:18-19).
  26. Deuteronomy 24:19 tn Heb “in the field.”
  27. Deuteronomy 24:19 tn Heb “of your hands.” This law was later applied in the story of Ruth who, as a poor widow, was allowed by generous Boaz to glean in his fields (Ruth 2:1-13).
  28. Deuteronomy 24:20 tn Heb “knock down after you.”
  29. Deuteronomy 24:21 tn Heb “glean after you.”
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Deuteronomy 24
New American Bible (Revised Edition)

Chapter 24

Marriage Legislation.[a] 1 (A)When a man, after marrying a woman, is later displeased with her because he finds in her something indecent, and he writes out a bill of divorce and hands it to her, thus dismissing her from his house, 2 if on leaving his house she goes and becomes the wife of another man, 3 and the second husband, too, comes to dislike her and he writes out a bill of divorce and hands it to her, thus dismissing her from his house, or if this second man who has married her dies, 4 then her former husband, who dismissed her, may not again take her as his wife after she has become defiled. That would be an abomination before the Lord, and you shall not bring such guilt upon the land the Lord, your God, is giving you as a heritage.(B)

5 (C)When a man is newly wed, he shall not go out on a military expedition, nor shall any duty be imposed on him. He shall be exempt for one year for the sake of his family, to bring joy to the wife he has married.

Pledges and Kidnappings. 6 [b]No one shall take a hand mill or even its upper stone as a pledge for debt, for that would be taking as a pledge the debtor’s life.

7 If anyone is caught kidnapping a fellow Israelite, enslaving or selling the victim, that kidnapper shall be put to death.(D) Thus shall you purge the evil from your midst.

Skin Diseases. 8 (E)In an attack of scaly infection[c] you shall be careful to observe exactly and to carry out all the instructions the levitical priests give you, as I have commanded them: observe them carefully. 9 (F)Remember what the Lord, your God, did to Miriam on the journey after you left Egypt.

Loans and Wages. 10 When you make a loan of any kind to your neighbor, you shall not enter the neighbor’s house to receive the pledge, 11 but shall wait outside until the person to whom you are making the loan brings the pledge outside to you. 12 If the person is poor, you shall not sleep in the pledged garment, 13 but shall definitely return it at sunset, so that your neighbor may sleep in the garment(G) and bless you. That will be your justice before the Lord, your God.

14 (H)You shall not exploit a poor and needy hired servant, whether one of your own kindred or one of the resident aliens who live in your land, within your gates.(I) 15 On each day you shall pay the servant’s wages before the sun goes down, since the servant is poor and is counting on them. Otherwise the servant will cry to the Lord against you, and you will be held guilty.(J)

Individual Responsibility. 16 Parents shall not be put to death for their children, nor shall children be put to death for their parents; only for one’s own crime shall a person be put to death.(K)

Rights of the Unprotected. 17 (L)You shall not deprive the resident alien or the orphan of justice, nor take the clothing of a widow as pledge. 18 For, remember, you were slaves in Egypt, and the Lord, your God, redeemed you from there; that is why I command you to do this.

19 (M)When you reap the harvest in your field and overlook a sheaf in the field, you shall not go back to get it; let it be for the resident alien, the orphan, and the widow, so that the Lord, your God, may bless you in all your undertakings. 20 When you knock down the fruit of your olive trees, you shall not go over the branches a second time; let what remains be for the resident alien, the orphan, and the widow. 21 When you pick your grapes, you shall not go over the vineyard a second time; let what remains be for the resident alien, the orphan, and the widow. 22 For remember that you were slaves in the land of Egypt; that is why I command you to do this.

Footnotes

  1. 24:1–4 This law is directly concerned only with forbidding a divorced man from remarrying his former wife, and indirectly with checking hasty divorces, by demanding sufficient cause and certain legal formalities. Divorce itself is taken for granted and tolerated as an existing custom whose potential evils this law seeks to lessen. Cf. 22:19, 29; Mal 2:14–16. Something indecent: a rather indefinite phrase, meaning perhaps “immodest conduct,” but possibly including any kind of objectionable conduct. By New Testament times Jewish opinion differed concerning what was sufficient ground for divorce; cf. Mt 19:3.
  2. 24:6 Since the Israelites ground their grain into flour only in sufficient quantity for their current need, to deprive a debtor of his hand mill was equivalent to condemning him to starvation.
  3. 24:8 Scaly infection: the Hebrew word seems to have to do with one or more skin diseases that produce scales, such as psoriasis. Its precise meaning is uncertain. See note on Lv 13:1–14:57.
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申命记 24
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)

关于婚姻的条例

24 “如果有人娶妻后，发觉妻子行为不检，因而嫌弃她，他可以写休书给她，让她离开夫家。 2 她离开后，可以自由再婚。 3 如果她的后夫也嫌弃她，写休书给她，让她离开夫家，或者后夫死了， 4 前夫不可再娶这已被玷污的女子，因为那是耶和华所憎恶的。你们切不可把这种罪恶带到你们的上帝耶和华将要赐给你们的土地上。

体恤人情

5 “不可叫新婚的人从军出征或办理公务。他可以留在家里一年，使新婚的妻子快乐。

6 “不可拿别人的磨或磨的上盘作抵押品，因为这等于拿他们的生命作抵押。

7 “如果有人绑架自己的同胞，奴役他或卖掉他，必须处死绑架者，除掉你们中间的罪恶。

8 “遇到麻风病，你们要谨遵利未祭司的指示。你们要谨遵我对他们的吩咐。 9 要记住你们离开埃及后，你们的上帝耶和华在米利暗身上的作为。

10 “如果你们借贷给同胞，不可走进他家里索取抵押物； 11 要站在外面，等他把抵押物拿出来。 12 如果他是穷人，用自己的外袍作抵押，你们不可把他的外袍留到第二天， 13 要在当天日落之前还给他，好让他盖着外袍睡觉。他会因此祝福你们，你们的上帝耶和华也会将此视为你们的义行。

14 “不可欺压穷苦的雇工，不论他们是你们的同胞，还是住在你们城中的外族人。 15 你们要在每天日落前付给他们工钱，因为他们穷苦，靠工钱维生；否则他们向耶和华控诉你们，你们就有罪了。

16 “不可因孩子犯罪而处死父亲，也不可因父亲犯罪而处死孩子。各人要自负罪责。

17 “你们要公正地对待寄居者和孤儿，不可拿寡妇的衣物作抵押。 18 要记住，你们曾在埃及做过奴隶，你们的上帝耶和华拯救了你们。所以，我吩咐你们这样行。

19 “如果你们在田间收割庄稼时忘了一捆，不可回去取，要留给孤儿寡妇和寄居者。这样，你们的上帝耶和华必使你们凡事蒙福。 20 你们打橄榄时，打过一次后不可再打，要把剩下的留给孤儿寡妇和寄居者。 21 你们摘葡萄时，摘过一次后不可再摘，要把剩下的留给孤儿寡妇和寄居者。 22 要记住，你们曾在埃及做过奴隶。所以，我吩咐你们这样行。

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