2 Samuel 3
The Message
3 The war between the house of Saul and the house of David dragged on and on. The longer it went on the stronger David became, with the house of Saul getting weaker.
* * *
2-5 During the Hebron years, sons were born to David:
Amnon, born of Ahinoam of Jezreel—the firstborn;
Kileab, born of Abigail of Carmel, Nabal’s widow—his second;
Absalom, born of Maacah, daughter of Talmai, king of Geshur—the third;
Adonijah, born of Haggith—the fourth;
Shephatiah, born of Abital—the fifth;
Ithream, born of Eglah—the sixth.
These six sons of David were born in Hebron.
* * *
6-7 Abner took advantage of the continuing war between the house of Saul and the house of David to gain power for himself. Saul had had a concubine, Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah. One day Ish-Bosheth confronted Abner: “What business do you have sleeping with my father’s concubine?”
8-10 Abner lost his temper with Ish-Bosheth, “Treat me like a dog, will you! Is this the thanks I get for sticking by the house of your father, Saul, and all his family and friends? I personally saved you from certain capture by David, and you make an issue out of my going to bed with a woman! What God promised David, I’ll help accomplish—transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and make David ruler over the whole country, both Israel and Judah, from Dan to Beersheba. If not, may God do his worst to me.”
11 Ish-Bosheth, cowed by Abner’s outburst, couldn’t say another word.
12 Abner went ahead and sent personal messengers to David: “Make a deal with me and I’ll help bring the whole country of Israel over to you.”
13 “Great,” said David. “It’s a deal. But only on one condition: You’re not welcome here unless you bring Michal, Saul’s daughter, with you when you come to meet me.”
14 David then sent messengers to Ish-Bosheth son of Saul: “Give me back Michal, whom I won as my wife at the cost of a hundred Philistine foreskins.”
15-16 Ish-Bosheth ordered that she be taken from her husband Paltiel son of Laish. But Paltiel followed her, weeping all the way, to Bahurim. There Abner told him, “Go home.” And he went home.
17-18 Abner got the elders of Israel together and said, “Only yesterday, it seems, you were looking for a way to make David your king. So do it—now! For God has given the go-ahead on David: ‘By my servant David’s hand, I’ll save my people Israel from the oppression of the Philistines and all their other enemies.’”
19 Abner took the Benjaminites aside and spoke to them. Then he went to Hebron for a private talk with David, telling him everything that Israel in general and Benjamin in particular were planning to do.
20 When Abner and the twenty men who were with him met with David in Hebron, David laid out a feast for them.
21 Abner then said, “I’m ready. Let me go now to rally everyone in Israel for my master, the king. They’ll make a treaty with you, authorizing you to rule them however you see fit.” Abner was sent off with David’s blessing.
22-23 Soon after that, David’s men, led by Joab, came back from a field assignment. Abner was no longer in Hebron with David, having just been dismissed with David’s blessing. As Joab and his raiding party arrived, they were told that Abner the son of Ner had been there with David and had been sent off with David’s blessing.
24-25 Joab went straight to the king: “What’s this you’ve done? Abner shows up, and you let him walk away scot-free? You know Abner son of Ner better than that. This was no friendly visit. He was here to spy on you, figure out your comings and goings, find out what you’re up to.”
26-27 Joab left David and went into action. He sent messengers after Abner; they caught up with him at the well at Sirah and brought him back. David knew nothing of all this. When Abner got back to Hebron, Joab steered him aside at the gate for a personal word with him. There he stabbed him in the belly, killed him in cold blood for the murder of his brother Asahel.
28-30 Later on, when David heard what happened, he said, “Before God I and my kingdom are totally innocent of this murder of Abner son of Ner. Joab and his entire family will always be under the curse of this bloodguilt. May they forever be victims of crippling diseases, violence, and famine.” (Joab and his brother, Abishai, murdered Abner because he had killed their brother Asahel at the battle of Gibeon.)
31-32 David ordered Joab and all the men under him, “Rip your cloaks into rags! Wear mourning clothes! Lead Abner’s funeral procession with loud lament!” King David followed the coffin. They buried Abner in Hebron. The king’s voice was loud in lament as he wept at the side of Abner’s grave. All the people wept, too.
33-34 Then the king sang this tribute to Abner:
Can this be? Abner dead like a nameless bum?
You were a free man, free to go and do as you wished—
Yet you fell as a victim in a street brawl.
And all the people wept—a crescendo of crying!
35-37 They all came then to David, trying to get him to eat something before dark. But David solemnly swore, “I’ll not so much as taste a piece of bread, or anything else for that matter, before sunset, so help me God!” Everyone at the funeral took notice—and liked what they saw. In fact everything the king did was applauded by the people. It was clear to everyone that day, including all Israel, that the king had nothing to do with the death of Abner son of Ner.
38-39 The king spoke to his servants: “You realize, don’t you, that today a prince and hero fell victim of foul play in Israel? And I, though anointed king, was helpless to do anything about it. These sons of Zeruiah are too much for me. God, requite the criminal for his crime!”
2 Samuel 3
English Standard Version
Abner Joins David
3 There was a long war between the house of Saul and the house of David. And David grew stronger and stronger, while the house of Saul became weaker and weaker.
2 (A)And sons were born to David at Hebron: his firstborn was Amnon, of (B)Ahinoam of Jezreel; 3 and his second, Chileab, of (C)Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel; and the third, Absalom the son of Maacah (D)the daughter of Talmai king of (E)Geshur; 4 and the fourth, (F)Adonijah the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital; 5 and the sixth, Ithream, of Eglah, David's wife. These were born to David in Hebron.
6 While there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David, Abner was making himself strong in the house of Saul. 7 Now Saul had a concubine whose name was (G)Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah. And Ish-bosheth said to Abner, (H)“Why have you gone in to my father's concubine?” 8 Then Abner was very angry over the words of Ish-bosheth and said, “Am I (I)a dog's head of Judah? To this day I keep showing steadfast love to the house of Saul your father, to his brothers, and to his friends, and have not given you into the hand of David. And yet you charge me today with a fault concerning a woman. 9 (J)God do so to Abner and more also, if I do not accomplish for David (K)what the Lord has sworn to him, 10 to transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, (L)from Dan to Beersheba.” 11 And Ish-bosheth could not answer Abner another word, because he feared him.
12 And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf,[a] saying, “To whom does the land belong? Make your covenant with me, and behold, my hand shall be with you to bring over all Israel to you.” 13 And he said, “Good; I will make a covenant with you. But one thing I require of you; that is, (M)you shall not see my face unless you first bring (N)Michal, Saul's daughter, when you come to see my face.” 14 Then David sent messengers to Ish-bosheth, Saul's son, saying, “Give me my wife Michal, (O)for whom I paid the bridal price of a hundred foreskins of the Philistines.” 15 And Ish-bosheth sent and took her from her husband Paltiel the son of Laish. 16 But her husband went with her, weeping after her all the way to (P)Bahurim. Then Abner said to him, “Go, return.” And he returned.
17 And Abner conferred with the elders of Israel, saying, “For some time past you have been seeking David as king over you. 18 Now then bring it about, (Q)for the Lord has promised David, saying, ‘By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines, and from the hand of all their enemies.’” 19 Abner also spoke to (R)Benjamin. And then Abner went to tell David at Hebron all that Israel and the whole house of Benjamin thought good to do.
20 When Abner came with twenty men to David at Hebron, David made a feast for Abner and the men who were with him. 21 And Abner said to David, “I will arise and go and (S)will gather all Israel to my lord the king, that they may make a covenant with you, and that you may (T)reign over all that your heart desires.” So David sent Abner away, and he went in peace.
22 Just then the servants of David arrived with Joab from a raid, bringing much spoil with them. But Abner was not with David at Hebron, for he had sent him away, and he had gone in peace. 23 When Joab and all the army that was with him came, it was told Joab, “Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he has let him go, and he has gone in peace.” 24 Then Joab went to the king and said, “What have you done? Behold, Abner came to you. Why is it that you have sent him away, so that he is gone? 25 You know that Abner the son of Ner came to deceive you and to know (U)your going out and your coming in, and to know all that you are doing.”
Joab Murders Abner
26 When Joab came out from David's presence, he sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from the cistern of Sirah. But David did not know about it. 27 And when Abner returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside into the midst of the gate to speak with him privately, (V)and there he struck him (W)in the stomach, so that he died, for the blood of Asahel his brother. 28 Afterward, when David heard of it, he said, “I and my kingdom are forever guiltless before the Lord for the blood of Abner the son of Ner. 29 (X)May it fall upon the head of Joab and upon all his father's house, and may the house of Joab never be without (Y)one who has a discharge or who is (Z)leprous or who holds a spindle or who falls by the sword or who lacks bread!” 30 So Joab and Abishai his brother killed Abner, because (AA)he had put their brother Asahel to death in the battle at Gibeon.
David Mourns Abner
31 Then David said to Joab and to all the people who were with him, (AB)“Tear your clothes and (AC)put on sackcloth and mourn before Abner.” And King David followed the bier. 32 They buried Abner at Hebron. And the king lifted up his voice and wept at the grave of Abner, and all the people wept. 33 And the king (AD)lamented for Abner, saying,
(AE)“Should Abner die (AF)as a fool dies?
34 Your hands were not bound;
your feet were not fettered;
as one falls before the wicked
you have fallen.”
And all the people wept again over him. 35 Then all the people came (AG)to persuade David to eat bread while it was yet day. But David swore, saying, (AH)“God do so to me and more also, if I taste bread or anything else (AI)till the sun goes down!” 36 And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased them, as everything that the king did pleased all the people. 37 So all the people and all Israel understood that day that it had not been the king's will to put to death Abner the son of Ner. 38 And the king said to his servants, “Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? 39 And I was gentle today, though anointed king. (AJ)These men, the sons of Zeruiah, are more severe than I. (AK)The Lord repay the evildoer according to his wickedness!”
Footnotes
- 2 Samuel 3:12 Or where he was; Septuagint at Hebron
2 Samuel 3
Nova Versão Transformadora
3 Assim começou uma longa guerra entre a família de Saul e a família de Davi. Com o tempo, Davi se fortaleceu cada vez mais, e a família de Saul foi se enfraquecendo.
Os filhos de Davi nascidos em Hebrom
2 Estes são os filhos de Davi que nasceram em Hebrom:
O mais velho era Amnom, filho de Ainoã, de Jezreel.
3 O segundo era Daniel,[a] filho de Abigail, a viúva de Nabal, do Carmelo.
O terceiro era Absalão, filho de Maaca, filha de Talmai, rei de Gesur.
4 O quarto era Adonias, filho de Hagite.
O quinto era Sefatias, filho de Abital.
5 O sexto era Itreão, filho de Eglá, esposa de Davi.
Todos esses filhos de Davi nasceram em Hebrom.
Abner une forças com Davi
6 Enquanto continuava a guerra entre as famílias de Saul e de Davi, Abner se tornou um líder cada vez mais influente entre a família de Saul. 7 Um dia, Isbosete, filho de Saul, acusou Abner de ter relações com uma das concubinas de Saul, uma mulher chamada Rispa, filha de Aiá.
8 Abner ficou furioso com as palavras de Isbosete. “Por acaso sou um cão de Judá para ser tratado dessa maneira?”, gritou ele. “Depois de tudo que fiz por seu pai, Saul, e pela família e os amigos dele ao não entregar você a Davi, minha recompensa é ser acusado por causa dessa mulher? 9 Que Deus me castigue severamente se eu não fizer por Davi tudo que o Senhor prometeu a ele! 10 Tomarei o reino da família de Saul e o entregarei a Davi. Estabelecerei o trono de Davi tanto sobre Israel como sobre Judá, desde Dã, ao norte, até Berseba, ao sul!” 11 Isbosete não se atreveu a dizer nem mais uma palavra, pois teve medo do que Abner poderia fazer.
12 Então Abner enviou mensageiros para dizer a Davi: “Afinal, a quem pertence esta terra? Faça um acordo comigo, e eu o ajudarei a conseguir o apoio de todo o Israel”.
13 “Está bem”, respondeu Davi. “Mas só farei acordo com você se, quando vier para cá, trouxer de volta minha esposa Mical, filha de Saul.”
14 Davi enviou a seguinte mensagem a Isbosete, filho de Saul: “Devolva minha esposa Mical, pois eu conquistei o direito de me casar com ela com os prepúcios de cem filisteus”.
15 Então Isbosete mandou tirar Mical de seu marido, Palti,[b] filho de Laís. 16 Palti a seguiu até Baurim, chorando ao longo de todo o caminho, até que Abner lhe disse: “Volte para casa!”, e ele voltou.
17 Abner reuniu as autoridades de Israel e lhes disse: “Faz algum tempo que vocês querem declarar Davi seu rei. 18 Chegou a hora de agir! Pois o Senhor disse: ‘Escolhi meu servo Davi para livrar meu povo, Israel, das mãos dos filisteus e de todos os seus inimigos’”. 19 Abner também falou com os homens de Benjamim. Depois, foi a Hebrom para dizer a Davi que todo o povo de Israel e de Benjamim tinha concordado em apoiá-lo.
20 Quando Abner, acompanhado de vinte homens, chegou a Hebrom, Davi os recebeu com um grande banquete. 21 Então Abner disse a Davi: “Deixe que eu vá e convoque uma reunião de todo o Israel para apoiar meu senhor, o rei. Farão uma aliança com o senhor para que reine sobre eles, e o senhor governará sobre tudo que seu coração desejar”. Davi se despediu dele, e Abner partiu em paz.
Abner é assassinado por Joabe
22 Contudo, logo depois que Davi despediu Abner em paz, Joabe e alguns dos soldados de Davi retornaram de um ataque, trazendo muitos despojos. 23 Quando Joabe chegou, foi informado de que Abner, filho de Ner, tinha acabado de visitar o rei, que o havia despedido em paz.
24 Joabe foi até o rei e perguntou: “O que foi que o senhor fez? Por que deixou Abner escapar? 25 O senhor conhece muito bem Abner, filho de Ner! Sabe que ele veio espioná-lo e descobrir tudo que o senhor anda fazendo!”.
26 Então Joabe saiu da presença de Davi e enviou mensageiros para alcançar Abner. Eles o encontraram perto do poço de Sirá e o trouxeram de volta, sem que Davi soubesse. 27 Quando Abner chegou a Hebrom, Joabe o chamou para um lado, junto ao portão da cidade, como se fosse falar com ele em particular. Então, apunhalou-o no estômago e o matou para vingar a morte de Asael, seu irmão.
28 Quando Davi soube o que havia acontecido, declarou: “Juro pelo Senhor que eu e meu reino somos para sempre inocentes desse crime contra Abner, filho de Ner. 29 Que essa culpa permaneça sobre Joabe e sua família! Que em todas as gerações da família de Joabe nunca falte um homem que tenha fluxo ou lepra,[c] que use muletas,[d] que morra pela espada, ou que tenha de mendigar o alimento!”.
30 Assim, Joabe e seu irmão Abisai assassinaram Abner, pois ele havia matado Asael, irmão deles, na batalha em Gibeom.
Davi lamenta a morte de Abner
31 Então Davi disse a Joabe e a todos que estavam com ele: “Rasguem suas roupas e vistam pano de saco. Lamentem a morte de Abner”, e o próprio rei seguiu o cortejo fúnebre. 32 Sepultaram Abner em Hebrom, e o rei chorou em alta voz junto ao túmulo, e todo o povo lamentou com ele. 33 Então o rei entoou esta canção fúnebre:
“Acaso Abner devia morrer como um vilão?
34 Suas mãos não estavam atadas,
nem seus pés acorrentados.
Não, você foi assassinado,
vítima de uma trama perversa”.
Todo o povo lamentou uma vez mais por Abner. 35 Davi tinha se recusado a comer no dia do funeral, e todos insistiram para que ele se alimentasse. Mas ele havia feito um voto: “Que Deus me castigue severamente se eu comer alguma coisa antes do pôr do sol”.
36 Seu voto agradou muito o povo. De fato, aprovavam tudo que o rei fazia. 37 Assim, todos em Judá e em Israel entenderam que Davi não era responsável pelo assassinato de Abner, filho de Ner.
38 Então o rei disse a seus oficiais: “Não percebem que um grande comandante caiu hoje em Israel? 39 E, embora eu seja o rei ungido, esses dois filhos de Zeruia, Joabe e Abisai, são fortes demais para que eu os controle. Que o Senhor retribua a esses homens maus por sua maldade”.
Footnotes
- 3.3 Conforme o texto paralelo em 1Cr 3.1 (ver tb. Septuaginta, que traz Daluia, e o possível apoio dos manuscritos do mar Morto); o hebraico traz Quileabe.
- 3.15 Conforme 1Sm 25.44; o hebraico traz Paltiel, variação de Palti.
- 3.29a O termo hebraico não se refere somente à hanseníase, mas também a diversas doenças de pele.
- 3.29b Ou que seja efeminado; o hebraico traz que manuseie um fuso.
2 Samuel 3
Complete Jewish Bible
3 The war between the house of Sha’ul and the house of David dragged on, but David grew stronger, while the house of Sha’ul became weaker.
2 Sons were born to David in Hevron. His firstborn was Amnon, whose mother was Achino‘am from Yizre‘el; 3 his second, Kil’av, whose mother was Avigayil the widow of Naval from Karmel; the third, Avshalom, whose mother was Ma‘akhah the daughter of Talmai king of G’shur; 4 the fourth, Adoniyah the son of Haggit; the fifth, Sh’fatyah the son of Avital; 5 and the sixth, Yitre‘am, whose mother was ‘Eglah David’s wife. These were born to David in Hevron.
6 During the war that was going on between the house of Sha’ul and the house of David, Avner strengthened his position in the house of Sha’ul. 7 Sha’ul had had a concubine named Ritzpah, the daughter of Ayah; and [Ish-Boshet] challenged Avner: “Why did you go and sleep with my father’s concubine?” 8 These words of Ish-Boshet’s enraged Avner. “What am I,” he shouted, “[that you treat me with such contempt]? A dog’s head in Y’hudah? Till this moment I have shown only kindness to the house of Sha’ul your father, and to his brothers and to his friends; and I haven’t handed you over to David. Yet you choose today to pick a fight with me over this woman! 9 May God bring terrible curses on Avner and worse ones yet if I don’t accomplish what Adonai swore to David — 10 to transfer the kingdom from the house of Sha’ul and set up the throne of David over Isra’el and Y’hudah, from Dan all the way to Be’er-Sheva!” 11 Ish-Boshet couldn’t answer Avner a word, because he was afraid of him.
12 Avner immediately sent envoys to David with this message: “Who is going to control the land? If you make yourself my ally, I will use my power to bring all Isra’el over to you.” 13 David sent this reply: “Very well, I will be your ally — on one condition: you will not come into my presence unless at the same time you bring with you Mikhal Sha’ul’s daughter.” 14 David sent messengers to say to Ish-Boshet the son of Sha’ul, “Give me back my wife Mikhal. I betrothed her to myself for 100 foreskins of the P’lishtim.” 15 Ish-Boshet sent and took her from her husband Palti’el the son of Layish. 16 Her husband went with her, crying as he went, and followed her to Bachurim. But when Avner told him, “Go back,” he returned.
17 Then Avner conferred with the leaders of Isra’el. He said, “In the past, you wanted David to be king over you. 18 So now, do it. For Adonai has said of David, ‘Through my servant David I will rescue my people Isra’el from the power of the P’lishtim and from the power of all their enemies.’” 19 Avner also spoke with the people of Binyamin.
Then Avner went to Hevron and reported to David everything that had been agreed to by Isra’el and the house of Binyamin. 20 When Avner came to David in Hevron he brought twenty men with him. David held a feast for Avner and his men. 21 Avner said to David, “I must get up and go to gather all Isra’el to my lord the king, so that they can make a covenant with you. Then you will be able to rule over everything your heart desires.” David sent Avner off, giving him safe conduct.
22 Just then David’s men and Yo’av returned from a raid, bringing a lot of plunder with them. But Avner was not with David in Hevron, because he had sent him off under safe conduct. 23 When Yo’av and all his army had arrived, Yo’av was told, “Avner the son of Ner came to the king, but he sent him off, and he has left under safe conduct.” 24 Yo’av went to the king and said, “What have you done? Here, Avner came to you, and you sent him away, and now he’s gone! Why? 25 You know Avner the son of Ner — he came only to deceive you, to learn what campaigns you’re planning and to find out everything you’re doing!”
26 After leaving David, Yo’av sent messengers after Avner, and they brought him back from the water cistern at Sirah without David’s knowledge. 27 Upon Avner’s return to Hevron, Yo’av took him aside into the space between the outer and inner city gates as if to speak with him privately; and there he struck him in the groin, so that he died — thus avenging the death of ‘Asah’el his brother.
28 Afterwards, when David heard of it, he said, “I and my kingdom are forever innocent of the death of Avner the son of Ner. 29 Let it fall on the head of Yo’av and all his father’s family. May Yo’av’s family always have someone with a hemorrhage or tzara‘at, or who has to walk with a cane, or who dies by the sword or who lacks food.” 30 Thus Yo’av and Avishai his brother killed Avner, because he had killed their brother ‘Asah’el during the battle in Giv‘on. 31 But David said to Yo’av and all those with him, “Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth, and mourn over Avner.” King David himself walked behind the body as it was carried. 32 They buried Avner at Hevron; the king wept aloud at Avner’s grave, and all the people wept. 33 The king sang this lament over Avner:
“Should Avner have died like a thug?
34 Your hands weren’t tied, your feet weren’t fettered;
you fell like one who falls at the hands
of criminals.”
Then all the people wept over him more than ever.
35 All the people came to David and tried to make him eat some bread while it was still daytime; but David swore, “May God bring terrible curses on me and worse ones yet if I taste bread or anything else until the sun goes down.” 36 All the people took note of this, and it pleased them; whatever the king did pleased all the people. 37 So that day, all the people and all Isra’el understood that the king had had no part in the killing of Avner the son of Ner. 38 The king said to his servants, “You realize that a leader, a great man, has fallen today in Isra’el. 39 Even though I have just been anointed king, I feel weak today; and these men, the sons of Tz’ruyah, are too brutal for me. May Adonai repay the criminal as his crime deserves!”
Copyright © 1993, 2002, 2018 by Eugene H. Peterson
The ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. ESV Text Edition: 2025.
BÍBLIA SAGRADA, NOVA VERSÃO TRANSFORMADORA copyright © 2016 by Mundo Cristão. Used by permission of Associação Religiosa Editora Mundo Cristão, Todos os direitos reservados.
Copyright © 1998 by David H. Stern. All rights reserved.