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2 Samuel 20
New King James Version

The Rebellion of Sheba

20 And there happened to be there a [a]rebel, whose name was Sheba the son of Bichri, a Benjamite. And he blew a trumpet, and said:

(A)“We have no share in David,
Nor do we have inheritance in the son of Jesse;
(B)Every man to his tents, O Israel!”

2 So every man of Israel deserted David, and followed Sheba the son of Bichri. But the (C)men of Judah, from the Jordan as far as Jerusalem, remained loyal to their king.

3 Now David came to his house at Jerusalem. And the king took the ten women, (D)his concubines whom he had left to keep the house, and put them in seclusion and supported them, but did not go in to them. So they were shut up to the day of their death, living in widowhood.

4 And the king said to Amasa, (E)“Assemble the men of Judah for me within three days, and be present here yourself.” 5 So Amasa went to assemble the men of Judah. But he delayed longer than the set time which David had appointed him. 6 And David said to (F)Abishai, “Now Sheba the son of Bichri will do us more harm than Absalom. Take (G)your lord’s servants and pursue him, lest he find for himself fortified cities, and escape us.” 7 So Joab’s men, with the (H)Cherethites, the Pelethites, and (I)all the mighty men, went out after him. And they went out of Jerusalem to pursue Sheba the son of Bichri. 8 When they were at the large stone which is in Gibeon, Amasa came before them. Now Joab was dressed in battle armor; on it was a belt with a sword fastened in its sheath at his hips; and as he was going forward, it fell out. 9 Then Joab said to Amasa, “Are you in health, my brother?” (J)And Joab took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him. 10 But Amasa did not notice the sword that was in Joab’s hand. And (K)he struck him with it (L)in the stomach, and his entrails poured out on the ground; and he did not strike him again. Thus he died.

Then Joab and Abishai his brother pursued Sheba the son of Bichri. 11 Meanwhile one of Joab’s men stood near Amasa, and said, “Whoever favors Joab and whoever is for David—follow Joab!” 12 But Amasa wallowed in his blood in the middle of the highway. And when the man saw that all the people stood still, he moved Amasa from the highway to the field and threw a garment over him, when he saw that everyone who came upon him halted. 13 When he was removed from the highway, all the people went on after Joab to pursue Sheba the son of Bichri.

14 And he went through all the tribes of Israel to (M)Abel and Beth Maachah and all the Berites. So they were gathered together and also went after [b]Sheba. 15 Then they came and besieged him in Abel of Beth Maachah; and they (N)cast up a siege mound against the city, and it stood by the rampart. And all the people who were with Joab battered the wall to throw it down.

16 Then a wise woman cried out from the city, “Hear, hear! Please say to Joab, ‘Come nearby, that I may speak with you.’ ” 17 When he had come near to her, the woman said, “Are you Joab?”

He answered, “I am.”

Then she said to him, “Hear the words of your maidservant.”

And he answered, “I am listening.”

18 So she spoke, saying, “They used to talk in former times, saying, ‘They shall surely seek guidance at Abel,’ and so they would end disputes. 19 I am among the peaceable and faithful in Israel. You seek to destroy a city and a mother in Israel. Why would you swallow up (O)the inheritance of the Lord?”

20 And Joab answered and said, “Far be it, far be it from me, that I should swallow up or destroy! 21 That is not so. But a man from the mountains of Ephraim, Sheba the son of Bichri by name, has raised his hand against the king, against David. Deliver him only, and I will depart from the city.”

So the woman said to Joab, “Watch, his head will be thrown to you over the wall.” 22 Then the woman (P)in her wisdom went to all the people. And they cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and threw it out to Joab. Then he blew a trumpet, and they withdrew from the city, every man to his tent. So Joab returned to the king at Jerusalem.

David’s Government Officers

23 And (Q)Joab was over all the army of Israel; Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites; 24 Adoram was (R)in charge of revenue; (S)Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder; 25 Sheva was scribe; (T)Zadok and Abiathar were the priests; 26 (U)and Ira the Jairite was [c]a chief minister under David.

Footnotes

  1. 2 Samuel 20:1 Lit. man of Belial
  2. 2 Samuel 20:14 Lit. him
  3. 2 Samuel 20:26 Or David’s priest
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2 Samuel 20
New English Translation

Sheba’s Rebellion

20 Now a wicked man[a] named Sheba son of Bikri, a Benjaminite,[b] happened to be there. He blew the trumpet[c] and said,

“We have no share in David;
we have no inheritance in this son of Jesse!
Every man go home,[d] O Israel!”

2 So all the men of Israel deserted[e] David and followed Sheba son of Bikri. But the men of Judah stuck by their king all the way from the Jordan River[f] to Jerusalem.

3 Then David went to his palace[g] in Jerusalem. The king took the ten concubines he had left to care for the palace and placed them under confinement.[h] Though he provided for their needs, he did not sleep with them.[i] They remained under restriction until the day they died, living out the rest of their lives as widows.

4 Then the king said to Amasa, “Call the men of Judah together for me in three days,[j] and you be present here with them too.” 5 So Amasa went out to call Judah together. But in doing so he took longer than the time that the king had allotted him.

6 Then David said to Abishai, “Now Sheba son of Bikri will cause greater disaster for us than Absalom did! Take your lord’s servants and pursue him. Otherwise he will secure[k] fortified cities for himself and get away from us.” 7 So Joab’s men, accompanied by the Kerethites, the Pelethites, and all the warriors, left Jerusalem to pursue Sheba son of Bikri.

8 When they were near the big rock that is in Gibeon, Amasa came to them. Now Joab was dressed in military attire and had a dagger in its sheath belted to his waist. When he advanced, it fell out.[l]

9 Joab said to Amasa, “How are you, my brother?” With his right hand Joab took hold of Amasa’s beard as if to greet him with a kiss. 10 Amasa did not protect himself from the knife in Joab’s other hand, and Joab[m] stabbed him in the abdomen, causing Amasa’s[n] intestines to spill out on the ground. There was no need to stab him again; the first blow was fatal.[o] Then Joab and his brother Abishai pursued Sheba son of Bikri.

11 One of Joab’s soldiers who stood over Amasa said, “Whoever is for[p] Joab and whoever is for David, follow Joab!” 12 Amasa was squirming in his own blood in the middle of the path, and this man had noticed that all the soldiers stopped. Having noticed that everyone who came across Amasa[q] stopped, the man[r] pulled him[s] away from the path and into the field and threw a garment over him. 13 Once he had removed Amasa[t] from the path, everyone followed Joab to pursue Sheba son of Bikri.

14 Sheba[u] traveled through all the tribes of Israel to Abel of[v] Beth Maacah and all the Berite region. When they had assembled,[w] they too joined him. 15 So Joab’s men[x] came and laid siege against him in Abel of Beth Maacah. They prepared a siege ramp outside the city that stood against its outer rampart. As all of Joab’s soldiers were trying to break through[y] the wall so that it would collapse, 16 a wise woman called out from the city, “Listen up! Listen up! Tell Joab, ‘Come near so that I may speak to you.’”

17 When he approached her, the woman asked, “Are you Joab?” He replied, “I am.” She said to him, “Listen to the words of your servant.” He said, “Go ahead. I’m listening.” 18 She said, “In the past they would always say, ‘Let them inquire in Abel,’ and that is how they settled things. 19 I represent the peaceful and the faithful in Israel. You are attempting to destroy an important city[z] in Israel. Why should you swallow up the Lord’s inheritance?”

20 Joab answered, “Not at all![aa] I don’t intend to swallow up or destroy anything! 21 That’s not the way things are. There is a man from the hill country of Ephraim named Sheba son of Bikri. He has rebelled[ab] against King David. Give me just this one man, and I will leave the city.” The woman said to Joab, “This very minute[ac] his head will be thrown over the wall to you!”

22 Then the woman went to all the people with her wise advice and they cut off Sheba’s head[ad] and threw it out to Joab. Joab[ae] blew the trumpet, and his men[af] dispersed from the city, each going to his own home.[ag] Joab returned to the king in Jerusalem.

23 Now Joab was the general in command of all the army of Israel. Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Kerethites and the Perethites. 24 Adoniram[ah] was supervisor of the work crews.[ai] Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the secretary. 25 Sheva was the scribe, and Zadok and Abiathar were the priests. 26 Ira the Jairite was David’s personal priest.[aj]

Footnotes

  1. 2 Samuel 20:1 tn Heb “a man of worthlessness.”
  2. 2 Samuel 20:1 tn The expression used here יְמִינִי (yemini) is a short form of the more common “Benjamin.” It appears elsewhere in 1 Sam 9:4 and Esth 2:5. Cf. 1 Sam 9:1.
  3. 2 Samuel 20:1 tn Heb “the shofar” (the ram’s horn trumpet). So also v. 22.
  4. 2 Samuel 20:1 tc The MT reads לְאֹהָלָיו (leʾohalayv, “to his tents”). For a similar idiom, see 19:9. An ancient scribal tradition understands the reading to be לֵאלֹהָיו (leʾlohav, “to his gods”). The word is a tiqqun sopherim, and the scribes indicate that they changed the word from “gods” to “tents” so as to soften its theological implications. In a consonantal Hebrew text the change involved only the metathesis of two letters.
  5. 2 Samuel 20:2 tn Heb “went up from after.”
  6. 2 Samuel 20:2 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
  7. 2 Samuel 20:3 tn Heb “house.”
  8. 2 Samuel 20:3 tn Heb “and he placed them in a guarded house.”
  9. 2 Samuel 20:3 tn Heb “come to them.” The expression בּוֹא אֶל (boʾ ʾel) means “come to” or “approach,” but is also used as a euphemism for sexual relations.
  10. 2 Samuel 20:4 tn The present translation follows the Masoretic accentuation, with the major mark of disjunction (i.e., the ’atnakh) placed at the word “days.” However, some scholars have suggested moving the ’atnakh to “Judah” a couple of words earlier. This would yield the following sense: “Three days, and you be present here with them.” The difference in meaning is slight, and the MT is acceptable as it stands.
  11. 2 Samuel 20:6 tn Heb “find.” The perfect verbal form is unexpected with the preceding word “otherwise.” We should probably read instead the imperfect. Although it is possible to understand the perfect here as indicating that the feared result is thought of as already having taken place (cf. BDB 814 s.v. פֶּן 2), it is more likely that the perfect is simply the result of scribal error. In this context the imperfect would be more consistent with the following verb וְהִצִּיל (vehitsil, “and he will get away”).
  12. 2 Samuel 20:8 sn The significance of the statement it fell out here is unclear. If the dagger fell out of its sheath before Joab got to Amasa, how then did he kill him? Josephus, Ant. 7.11.7 (7.284), suggested that as Joab approached Amasa he deliberately caused the dagger to fall to the ground at an opportune moment as though by accident. When he bent over and picked it up, he then stabbed Amasa with it. Others have tried to make a case for thinking that two swords are referred to—the one that fell out and another that Joab kept concealed until the last moment. But nothing in the text clearly supports this view. Perhaps Josephus’ understanding is best, but it is by no means obvious in the text either.
  13. 2 Samuel 20:10 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Joab) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  14. 2 Samuel 20:10 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Amasa) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  15. 2 Samuel 20:10 tn Heb “and he did not repeat concerning him, and he died.”
  16. 2 Samuel 20:11 tn Heb “takes delight in.”
  17. 2 Samuel 20:12 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Amasa) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  18. 2 Samuel 20:12 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the man who spoke up in v. 11) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  19. 2 Samuel 20:12 tn Heb “Amasa.” For stylistic reasons the name has been replaced by the pronoun (“him”) in the translation.
  20. 2 Samuel 20:13 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Amasa) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  21. 2 Samuel 20:14 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Sheba) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  22. 2 Samuel 20:14 tc In keeping with the form of the name in v. 15, the translation deletes the “and” found in the MT.
  23. 2 Samuel 20:14 tc The translation follows the Qere, many medieval Hebrew mss, and the ancient versions in reading וַיִּקָּהֲלוּ (vayyiqqahalu, “and they were gathered together”) rather than the Kethib of the MT וַיִּקְלֻהוּ (vayyiqluhu, “and they cursed him”). The Kethib is the result of metathesis.
  24. 2 Samuel 20:15 tn Heb “they.” The following context makes it clear that this refers to Joab and his army.
  25. 2 Samuel 20:15 tc The LXX has here ἐνοοῦσαν (enoousan, “were devising”), which apparently presupposes the Hebrew word מַחֲשָׁבִים (makhashavim) rather than the MT מַשְׁחִיתִם (mashkhitim, “were destroying”). With a number of other scholars Driver thinks that the Greek variant may preserve the original reading, but this seems to be an unnecessary conclusion (but see S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text and the Topography of the Books of Samuel, 346).
  26. 2 Samuel 20:19 tn Heb “a city and a mother.” The expression is a hendiadys, meaning that this city was an important one in Israel and had smaller cities dependent on it.
  27. 2 Samuel 20:20 tn Heb “Far be it, far be it from me.” The expression is clearly emphatic, as may be seen in part by the repetition. P. K. McCarter, however, understands it to be coarser than the translation adopted here. He renders it as “I’ll be damned if…” (II Samuel [AB], 426, 429), which (while it is not a literal translation) may not be too far removed from the way a soldier might have expressed himself.
  28. 2 Samuel 20:21 tn Heb “lifted his hand.”
  29. 2 Samuel 20:21 tn Heb “Look!”
  30. 2 Samuel 20:22 tn Heb “the head of Sheba son of Bikri.”
  31. 2 Samuel 20:22 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Joab) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  32. 2 Samuel 20:22 tn Heb “they”; the referent (Joab’s men) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  33. 2 Samuel 20:22 tn Heb “his tents.”
  34. 2 Samuel 20:24 tn Heb “Adoram” (so KJV, NAB, NRSV, CEV), but see 1 Kgs 4:6; 5:14.
  35. 2 Samuel 20:24 tn Heb “was over the forced labor.”
  36. 2 Samuel 20:26 tn Heb “priest for David.” KJV (“a chief ruler about David”) and ASV (“chief minister unto David”) regarded this office as political.
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2 Samuel 20
Traducción en lenguaje actual

Sebá se rebela contra David

20 En Guilgal estaba Sebá hijo de Bicrí, que era de la tribu de Benjamín. Como Sebá era muy malo, tocó la trompeta y dijo:

«¡Israelitas, regresemos a nuestras casas!
¡No tenemos nada que ver con David,
ni ganamos nada con seguirlo!»

2 Al oír esto, todos los israelitas dejaron a David y siguieron a Sebá. Sin embargo, los de Judá fueron fieles a David y lo siguieron desde el río Jordán hasta Jerusalén.

3 Cuando David llegó a Jerusalén, encerró en una casa a las diez mujeres que había dejado cuidando su palacio. Desde entonces ellas vivieron como si fueran viudas, pues aunque David siguió manteniéndolas, ya no volvió a tener relaciones sexuales con ellas.

4 Después de eso, el rey le dijo a Amasá: «Tú eres el jefe de mi ejército, así que reúne a todos los soldados de Judá, y ven a verme con ellos dentro de tres días».

5 Amasá fue a reunirlos, pero se tardó más tiempo. 6 Por eso David le dijo a Abisai:

«Ahora Sebá puede causarnos más problemas que Absalón. Así que toma a tus mejores soldados y ve a perseguirlo. De lo contrario, se irá a alguna ciudad bien protegida y se nos escapará».

7 Abisai salió de Jerusalén y se fue a perseguir a Sebá, acompañado de Joab y sus soldados, y también de los mejores guerreros del grupo filisteo. 8 Cuando llegaron a Gabaón, donde había una gran piedra, se encontraron con Amasá.

Joab llevaba puesta su ropa de campaña. En la cintura llevaba una espada sujetada por un cinturón, pero al caminar se le cayó. 9 Joab la recogió y se acercó a saludar a Amasá. Con la mano derecha le tomó la barba, como si fuera a besarlo, y le preguntó: «Hermano, ¿cómo te va?»

10-13 Amasá no se dio cuenta de que en la otra mano Joab llevaba la espada, así que Joab le clavó la espada en el vientre y se le salieron los intestinos. No hizo falta que Joab lo rematara, pues Amasá murió al instante.

Uno de los soldados de Joab se paró junto a Amasá y dijo: «Los que estén a favor de David y de Joab, ¡sigan a Joab!» Pero todos los que pasaban se detenían a ver a Amasá, pues estaba tirado a la mitad del camino y bañado en su propia sangre. Entonces el soldado arrastró a Amasá hasta el campo y lo cubrió con una capa. Así ya nadie se detuvo a mirarlo, y todos se fueron tras Joab y su hermano Abisai para perseguir a Sebá.

14 Mientras tanto, Sebá andaba recorriendo todas las tribus de Israel, y en la ciudad de Abel-bet-maacá se le unieron los familiares de su padre Bicrí.

15 Cuando llegaron Joab y su ejército, rodearon la ciudad, y para entrar en ella, construyeron una rampa junto a la muralla; luego, todo el ejército comenzó a derribar la muralla.

16 Desde adentro de la ciudad una mujer muy astuta empezó a gritar:

—¡Escúchenme, escúchenme! ¡Díganle a Joab que quiero hablar con él!

17 Cuando Joab se acercó, la mujer le preguntó:

—¿Es usted Joab?

—Sí, soy yo —le contestó.

Entonces ella le dijo:

—Escúcheme usted con atención.

—Te escucho —dijo Joab.

18-19 Ella le dijo:

—Puede confiar en nosotros, pues somos israelitas y no nos gusta la guerra. Abel-bet-maacá es una de las ciudades más importantes de Israel. Es tan importante que hasta hay un dicho popular: “Si tienes algún problema, arréglalo en Abel”. ¿Por qué va usted a destruir una ciudad que le pertenece a Dios?

20 Y Joab le respondió:

—¡Que Dios me libre de acabar con esta ciudad! 21 No me interesa destruirla. Pero en ella está un hombre de las montañas de Efraín. Se llama Sebá, y se ha rebelado contra el rey David, a quien yo sirvo. Entrégamelo, y no atacaré la ciudad.

La mujer le aseguró:

—Si es así, ahora mismo le echaremos la cabeza de Sebá desde la muralla.

22 La mujer fue a convencer a la gente de que le cortaran la cabeza a Sebá. Así que le cortaron la cabeza, y desde la muralla se la arrojaron a Joab.

Joab ordenó la retirada, y sus soldados regresaron a sus casas. Luego Joab se fue a Jerusalén para encontrarse con el rey.

Los asistentes de David (2 S 8.16-18; 1 Cr 18.15-17)

23 Así fue como Joab quedó al mando de todo el ejército de Israel. Mientras que Benaías hijo de Joiadá, quedó al mando del grupo de soldados filisteos.

24 Adoram era jefe de los trabajadores, y Josafat hijo de Ahilud tenía a su cargo los documentos oficiales.

25 Sevá era el secretario, y Sadoc y Abiatar eran los sacerdotes.

26 Irá, el del pueblo de Jaír, era sacerdote de David.

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