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The Northern Tribes Rebel

10 Rehoboam traveled to Shechem, for all Israel had gathered in[a] Shechem to make Rehoboam[b] king. When Jeroboam son of Nebat heard the news, he was still in Egypt, where he had fled from King Solomon. Jeroboam returned from Egypt. They sent for him,[c] and Jeroboam and all Israel came and spoke to Rehoboam, saying, “Your father made us work too hard![d] Now if you lighten the demands he made and don’t make us work as hard, we will serve you.”[e] He said to them, “Go away for three days, then return to me.” So the people went away.

King Rehoboam consulted with the older advisers who had served[f] his father Solomon when he had been alive. He asked them,[g] “How do you advise me to answer these people?” They said to him, “If you are fair to these people, grant their request, and are cordial to them, they will be your servants from this time forward.”[h] But Rehoboam rejected their advice and consulted the young advisers who served him, with whom he had grown up.[i] He asked them, “How do you advise me to respond to these people who said to me, ‘Lessen the demands your father placed on us’?”[j] 10 The young advisers with whom Rehoboam[k] had grown up said to him, “Say this to these people who have said to you, ‘Your father made us work hard, but now lighten our burden’[l]—say this to them: ‘I am a lot harsher than my father![m] 11 My father imposed heavy demands on you; I will make them even heavier.[n] My father punished you with ordinary whips; I will punish you with whips that really sting your flesh.’”[o]

12 Jeroboam and all the people reported to Rehoboam on the third day, just as the king had ordered when he said, “Return to me on the third day.” 13 The king responded to the people harshly. He[p] rejected the advice of the older men 14 and followed the advice of the younger ones. He said, “My father imposed heavy demands on you;[q] I will make them even heavier.[r] My father punished you with ordinary whips; I will punish you with whips that really sting your flesh.”[s] 15 The king refused to listen to the people, because God was instigating this turn of events[t] so that he might bring to pass the prophetic announcement he had made[u] through Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam son of Nebat.

16 When all Israel saw[v] that the king refused to listen to them, the people answered the king, “We have no portion in David—no share in the son of Jesse![w] Return to your homes, O Israel![x] Now, look after your own dynasty, O David!”[y] So all Israel returned to their homes.[z] 17 (Rehoboam continued to rule over the Israelites who lived in the cities of Judah.) 18 King Rehoboam sent Hadoram,[aa] the supervisor of the work crews, out after them, but the Israelites stoned him to death. King Rehoboam managed to jump into his chariot and escape to Jerusalem. 19 So Israel has been in rebellion against the Davidic dynasty to this very day.

Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 10:1 tn Heb “come [to].”
  2. 2 Chronicles 10:1 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Rehoboam) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  3. 2 Chronicles 10:3 tn Heb “They sent and called for him.”
  4. 2 Chronicles 10:4 tn Heb “made our yoke burdensome.”
  5. 2 Chronicles 10:4 tn Heb “but you, now, lighten the burdensome work of your father and the heavy yoke which he placed on us, and we will serve you.” In the Hebrew text the prefixed verbal form with vav (וְנַעַבְדֶךָ, venaʿavedekha, “and we will serve you”) following the imperative (הָקֵל, haqel, “lighten”) indicates purpose/result. The conditional sentence used in the present translation is an attempt to bring out the logical relationship between these forms.
  6. 2 Chronicles 10:6 tn Heb “stood before.”
  7. 2 Chronicles 10:6 tn Heb “saying.”
  8. 2 Chronicles 10:7 tn Heb “If you are for good to these people and you are favorable to them and speak to them good words, they will be your servants all the days.”
  9. 2 Chronicles 10:8 tn Heb “Rehoboam rejected the advice of the elders which they advised and he consulted the young men with whom he had grown up, who stood before him.”
  10. 2 Chronicles 10:9 tn Heb “Lighten the yoke which your father placed on us.”
  11. 2 Chronicles 10:10 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Rehoboam) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  12. 2 Chronicles 10:10 tn Heb “Your father made our yoke heavy, but make it lighter upon us.”
  13. 2 Chronicles 10:10 tn Heb “My little one is thicker than my father’s hips.” The referent of “my little one” is not clear. The traditional view is that it refers to the little finger (so NEB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT). As the following statement makes clear, Rehoboam’s point is that he is more harsh and demanding than his father.
  14. 2 Chronicles 10:11 tn Heb “and now my father placed upon you a heavy yoke, but I will add to your yoke.”
  15. 2 Chronicles 10:11 tn Heb “My father punished you with whips, but I [will punish you] with scorpions.” “Scorpions” might allude to some type of torture, but more likely it refers to a type of whip that inflicts an especially biting, painful wound.
  16. 2 Chronicles 10:13 tn Heb “King Rehoboam.” The pronoun “he” has been used in the translation in place of the proper name in keeping with contemporary English style.
  17. 2 Chronicles 10:14 tc The Hebrew text reads, “I will make heavy your yoke,” but many medieval Hebrew mss and other ancient textual witnesses have, “my father made heavy your yoke.”
  18. 2 Chronicles 10:14 tn Heb “but I will add to your yoke.”
  19. 2 Chronicles 10:14 tn Heb “My father punished you with whips, but I [will punish you] with scorpions.” “Scorpions” might allude to some type of torture, but more likely it refers to a type of whip that inflicts an especially biting, painful wound.
  20. 2 Chronicles 10:15 tn Heb “because this turn of events was from God.”
  21. 2 Chronicles 10:15 tn Heb “so that the Lord might bring to pass his word which he spoke.”
  22. 2 Chronicles 10:16 tc The MT does not include the word “saw,” but many medieval Hebrew mss as well as several ancient versions have it. See the parallel text of 1 Kings 12:16, which has the verb וַיַּרְא (from רָאָה, raʾah, “to see”).
  23. 2 Chronicles 10:16 sn The people’s point seems to be that they have no familial relationship with David that brings them any benefits or places upon them any obligations. They are being treated like outsiders.
  24. 2 Chronicles 10:16 tn Heb “each one to your tents, Israel.” The word “return” is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  25. 2 Chronicles 10:16 tn Heb “Now see your house, David.”
  26. 2 Chronicles 10:16 tn Heb “went to their tents.”
  27. 2 Chronicles 10:18 sn In the parallel account in 1 Kgs 12:18 this name appears as “Adoniram.”

Les rois de Juda du schisme à l’exil

La dureté de Roboam envers le peuple(A)

10 Roboam se rendit à Sichem[a], où tout Israël s’était rassemblé pour le proclamer roi. Quand Jéroboam, fils de Nebath, qui se trouvait en Egypte où il s’était réfugié pour échapper au roi Salomon, en fut informé, il revint d’Egypte. On l’envoya chercher, et Jéroboam vint avec tout Israël parler à Roboam. Ils lui dirent : Ton père nous a imposé un joug très pesant. Nous te serons soumis à condition que tu allèges maintenant la lourde servitude et ce joug pesant que ton père nous a imposés.

Roboam leur répondit : Laissez-moi réfléchir et revenez me trouver après-demain.

Le peuple se retira donc.

Le roi Roboam consulta les responsables qui avaient conseillé son père Salomon de son vivant. Il leur demanda : Que me conseillez-vous de répondre à ces gens ?

Les responsables lui dirent : Si aujourd’hui tu te montres bon envers ce peuple, si tu les traites favorablement et si tu leur parles en termes bienveillants, ils seront pour toujours tes serviteurs.

Mais Roboam n’écouta pas le conseil que lui donnaient les responsables. Il consulta les hommes jeunes de son entourage qui avaient grandi avec lui. Il leur demanda : Ces gens me demandent d’alléger le joug que mon père leur a imposé. Que me conseillez-vous de leur répondre ?

10 Les hommes jeunes qui avaient grandi avec lui lui répondirent : Ces gens se plaignent en prétendant que ton père a rendu leur joug trop pesant, et ils te demandent de l’alléger ? Eh bien, voici comment tu leur répondras : « Mon petit doigt est plus gros que les reins de mon père. 11 Oui, mon père vous a chargés d’un joug pesant, mais moi, je le rendrai encore plus pesant ! Mon père vous a fait marcher à coups de fouet, moi, je vous ferai marcher avec des lanières cloutées. »

12 Le surlendemain, Jéroboam et tout le peuple vinrent trouver Roboam comme le roi le leur avait commandé. 13 Le roi Roboam ne tint pas compte du conseil des responsables et il parla durement au peuple. 14 Il lui répondit comme les hommes jeunes le lui avaient conseillé : Mon père vous a imposé[b] un joug pesant, leur dit-il, eh bien, moi je le rendrai encore plus pesant. Mon père vous a fait marcher à coups de fouet, moi je vous ferai marcher à coups de lanières cloutées.

15 Le roi refusa donc de tenir compte des revendications du peuple, car Dieu dirigeait le cours des événements pour accomplir ce qu’il avait annoncé à Jéroboam, fils de Nebath, par l’intermédiaire d’Ahiya de Silo[c].

La révolte des Israélites du Nord

16 Comme le roi ne les écoutait pas, tous les Israélites répliquèrent au roi : Qu’avons-nous à faire avec David ? Nous n’avons rien à voir avec le fils d’Isaï ! Retournons chacun chez soi, gens d’Israël ! Quant à toi, descendant de David, tu n’as qu’à t’occuper de ta propre maison !

Et tous les Israélites rentrèrent chez eux[d]. 17 Roboam régna sur les Israélites qui habitaient les villes de Juda. 18 Alors le roi Roboam envoya Hadoram, le chef des corvées, auprès des Israélites du Nord, mais les Israélites le lapidèrent et il mourut. Le roi lui-même réussit de justesse à sauter sur un char pour s’enfuir à Jérusalem. 19 C’est ainsi que les Israélites du Nord sont en révolte contre la dynastie de David jusqu’à ce jour.

Footnotes

  1. 10.1 Voir note 1 R 12.1.
  2. 10.14 D’après plusieurs manuscrits hébreux, les versions anciennes, et 1 R 12.14. Les autres manuscrits hébreux ont : je vous imposerai.
  3. 10.15 Voir 1 R 11.29-39.
  4. 10.16 Voir 2 S 20.1.