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Guerra Civil

(2 Cr 10:1-19)

12 Roboán fue a Siquén porque todos los israelitas fueron allá para proclamarlo rey. Jeroboán hijo de Nabat estaba todavía en Egipto a donde había escapado de Salomón. Allí se enteró de que Salomón había muerto. Entonces regresó a su ciudad de Zereda, en la región montañosa de Efraín.[a] Lo mandaron llamar, y él y todo el pueblo de Israel se presentaron ante Roboán y le dijeron:

—Tu papá nos impuso un yugo demasiado pesado de llevar. Ahora, danos un yugo más liviano que el que tu papá nos dio y nosotros te serviremos.

Roboán contestó:

—Vuelvan en tres días y les daré una respuesta.

Entonces la gente se fue. Había algunos ancianos que aconsejaban a Salomón cuando aun vivía. El rey Roboán les preguntó lo que debía hacer:

—¿Cómo debo contestarle a este pueblo?

Ellos le respondieron:

—Si hoy te pones al servicio del pueblo y les contestas en forma amable, ellos seguirán sirviéndote para siempre.

Pero Roboán no les hizo caso. Les pidió consejo a sus amigos jóvenes que habían sido criados con él. Roboán dijo:

—El pueblo dijo: “Danos trabajo más liviano de lo que nos dio tu papá”. ¿Cómo piensan ustedes que debería contestarles? ¿Qué les digo?

10 Los jóvenes que habían sido criados con él le dijeron:

—Así debes contestarle al pueblo. Tu papá los obligó a hacer trabajos pesados ¿y tú les va a dar trabajo más liviano? Les tienes que decir: “Mi dedo meñique es más pesado que el lomo de mi papá”. 11 Y ahora ¿mi papá les dio un yugo demasiado pesado de llevar? ¡Pues yo les daré aun más! Si él los castigaba con azotes, yo los castigaré con látigos que llevan metal en la punta.[b]

12 Puesto que Roboán le había dicho al pueblo: «Vuelvan en tres días», así volvieron a los tres días todos los israelitas y Jeroboán con ellos. 13 Entonces, el rey Roboán les habló duro y no hizo caso al consejo sugerido por los ancianos. 14 Hizo lo que sus amigos le aconsejaron. Entonces Roboán le dijo al pueblo:

—Mi papá los obligó a trabajar mucho, pero yo les daré aun más. Mi papá los castigó con azotes, pero yo los castigaré con látigos que llevan pedazos de metal en la punta.

15 Así que el rey no hizo lo que el pueblo quería porque el SEÑOR lo dispuso así para cumplir la promesa que el SEÑOR le hizo a Jeroboán hijo de Nabat por medio del profeta Ahías de Siló.

16 Todos los israelitas vieron que el nuevo rey no los quería escuchar. Por eso le dijeron al rey:

«¿Acaso somos parte de la familia de David?
    ¿Nos dieron tierras de Isaí?
Así que, Israel, vámonos a casa,
    ¡que el hijo de David gobierne a su propia gente!»

Entonces los israelitas se fueron a sus casas. 17 Pero Roboán gobernaba sobre los que vivían en las ciudades de Judá.

18 El rey mandó a Adonirán, uno de los que dirigían los trabajadores, pero los israelitas lo apedrearon y murió. Roboán subió rápidamente a su carruaje y escapó a Jerusalén. 19 Así que Israel se rebeló contra la dinastía de David hasta el día de hoy.

20 Cuando todos los israelitas oyeron que Jeroboán había vuelto, lo llamaron a una reunión y lo proclamaron rey sobre todo Israel. La tribu de Judá fue la única que siguió fiel a la familia de David.

21 Al volver, Roboán juntó un ejército de todas las familias de Judá y de la tribu de Benjamín, 180 000 hombres, para luchar contra los israelitas y recuperar su reino. 22 Pero Dios le habló así a un hombre de Dios[c] llamado Semaías: 23 «Dile a Roboán hijo de Salomón, rey de Judá, y también a toda la gente de Judá y Benjamín y al resto del pueblo: 24 El SEÑOR les dice: “No vayan a la guerra en contra de los israelitas, sus hermanos. Vuélvase cada uno a su casa. ¡Yo soy la causa de todo esto!”» Así que los hombres del ejército de Roboán obedecieron el mandato del SEÑOR. Tal como el SEÑOR lo mandó, se fueron a casa.

25 Siquén era una ciudad de la región montañosa de Efraín. Jeroboán la fortificó y vivió ahí, luego se mudó a la ciudad de Peniel y la convirtió en un fuerte.

26 Jeroboán pensó: «La dinastía de David recuperará el reino 27 si la gente sigue yendo a ofrecer sacrificios al templo del SEÑOR en Jerusalén porque el corazón de este pueblo se volverá a su señor, o sea a Roboán, rey de Judá, me matarán y de nuevo lo seguirán». 28 Así que el rey le pidió consejo a sus sabios en cuanto a lo que debía hacer. Le dieron su opinión y Jeroboán hizo dos becerros de oro. El rey Jeroboán dijo al pueblo: «No deben ir más a Jerusalén para adorar. Israel, estos son los dioses que los sacaron de Egipto».[d] 29 El rey Jeroboán colocó un becerro en Betel y otro en la ciudad de Dan. 30 Los israelitas viajaban a las ciudades de Betel[e] y Dan para adorar los becerros. Esto fue un pecado muy grave.

31 También Jeroboán construyó templos en santuarios sobre las colinas. Eligió sacerdotes de las diferentes tribus de Israel. No eligió sacerdotes que eran solamente de la tribu de Leví. 32 El rey Jeroboán también inauguró una nueva fiesta[f] como la que se celebraba en Judá. Pero esta fiesta se celebraba el día 15 del octavo mes, y el rey ofreció sacrificios en el altar de la ciudad de Betel y también eligió sacerdotes en Betel para que prestaran servicio en los santuarios que hizo. 33 El rey Jeroboán decidió el tiempo que él quiso para la fiesta de los israelitas: el día 15 del octavo mes. En esa fecha ofrecía sacrificios y quemaba incienso en el altar que construyó en Betel.

Footnotes

  1. 12:2 su ciudad […] de Efraín Según LXX. TM no tiene estas palabras.
  2. 12:11 azotes […] en la punta o escorpiones.
  3. 12:22 hombre de Dios Otra forma de referirse a un profeta. Esta expresión aparece repetidamente en este libro.
  4. 12:28 estos […] de Egipto Eso es lo que dijo Aarón cuando hizo el becerro de oro en el desierto. Ver Éx 32:4.
  5. 12:30 a las ciudades de Betel Según LXX. TM no tiene estas palabras.
  6. 12:32 nueva fiesta Se refiere probablemente a la fiesta de las Enramadas, que se celebraba el día quince del séptimo mes, la cual duraba siete días. Ver Lv 23:39-43.

The Kingdom Divided

12 Then Rehoboam(A) went to Shechem,(B) for all Israel(C) had gone to Shechem to make him king.(D) When Jeroboam son of Nebat heard about it, for he was still in Egypt where he had fled from King Solomon’s presence,(E) Jeroboam stayed in Egypt.[a] They summoned him, and Jeroboam and the whole assembly of Israel came and spoke to Rehoboam: “Your father made our yoke difficult.(F) You, therefore, lighten your father’s harsh service and the heavy yoke he put on us,(G) and we will serve you.”

Rehoboam replied, “Go home for three days and then return to me.” So the people left. Then King Rehoboam consulted with the elders(H) who had served his father Solomon when he was alive, asking, “How do you advise me to respond to these people?”

They replied, “Today if you will be a servant to these people and serve them, and if you respond to them by speaking kind words to them, they will be your servants forever.”(I)

But he rejected the advice of the elders who had advised him(J) and consulted with the young men who had grown up with him and served him. He asked them, “What message do you advise that we send back to these people who said to me, ‘Lighten the yoke your father put on us’?”

10 Then the young men who had grown up with him told him, “This is what you should say to these people who said to you, ‘Your father made our yoke heavy, but you, make it lighter on us!’ This is what you should tell them: ‘My little finger is thicker than my father’s loins! 11 Although my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke; my father disciplined you with whips, but I will discipline you with barbed whips.’”[b](K)

12 So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam on the third day, as the king had ordered: “Return to me on the third day.” 13 Then the king answered the people harshly. He rejected the advice the elders had given him 14 and spoke to them according to the young men’s advice: “My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to your yoke; my father disciplined you with whips, but I will discipline you with barbed whips.”[c]

15 The king did not listen to the people, because this turn of events came from the Lord(L) to carry out His word, which the Lord had spoken through Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam son of Nebat.(M) 16 When all Israel saw that the king had not listened to them, the people answered him:

What portion do we have in David?
We have no inheritance in the son of Jesse.(N)
Israel, return to your tents;
David, now look after your own house!(O)

So Israel went to their tents, 17 but Rehoboam reigned over the Israelites living in the cities of Judah.(P)

18 Then King Rehoboam sent Adoram,[d](Q) who was in charge of forced labor, but all Israel stoned him to death. King Rehoboam managed to get into the chariot and flee to Jerusalem. 19 Israel is in rebellion against the house of David until today.(R)

Rehoboam in Jerusalem

20 When all Israel heard that Jeroboam had come back,(S) they summoned him to the assembly and made him king over all Israel.(T) No one followed the house of David except the tribe of Judah alone.(U) 21 When Rehoboam arrived in Jerusalem,(V) he mobilized 180,000 choice warriors from the entire house of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin(W) to fight against the house of Israel to restore the kingdom to Rehoboam son of Solomon. 22 But a revelation from God came to Shemaiah,(X) the man of God: 23 “Say to Rehoboam son of Solomon, king of Judah, to the whole house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the rest of the people, 24 ‘This is what the Lord says: You are not to march up and fight against your brothers, the Israelites. Each of you must return home, for I have done this.’”(Y)

So they listened to what the Lord said and went back as He had told them.

Jeroboam’s Idolatry

25 Jeroboam built Shechem(Z) in the hill country of Ephraim and lived there. From there he went out and built Penuel.(AA) 26 Jeroboam said to himself, “The way things are going now, the kingdom might return to the house of David.(AB) 27 If these people regularly go to offer sacrifices in the Lord’s temple in Jerusalem,(AC) the heart of these people will return to their lord, Rehoboam king of Judah. They will murder me and go back to the king of Judah.” 28 So the king sought advice.

Then he made two golden calves, and he said to the people, “Going to Jerusalem is too difficult for you. Israel, here is your God[e] who brought you out of the land of Egypt.”(AD) 29 He set up one in Bethel,(AE) and put the other in Dan.(AF) 30 This led to sin;(AG) the people walked in procession before one of the calves all the way to Dan.[f](AH)

31 Jeroboam also built shrines on the high places(AI) and set up priests from every class of people who were not Levites.(AJ) 32 Jeroboam made a festival in the eighth month on the fifteenth day of the month, like the festival in Judah.(AK) He offered sacrifices on the altar; he made this offering in Bethel to sacrifice to the calves he had set up. He also stationed the priests in Bethel for the high places he had set up.(AL) 33 He offered sacrifices on[g] the altar he had set up in Bethel on the fifteenth day of the eighth month. He chose this month on his own.(AM) He made a festival for the Israelites, offered sacrifices on the altar, and burned incense.(AN)

Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 12:2 LXX, Vg read Jeroboam returned from Egypt; 2Ch 10:2
  2. 1 Kings 12:11 Lit with scorpions
  3. 1 Kings 12:14 Lit with scorpions
  4. 1 Kings 12:18 LXX reads Adoniram; 1Kg 4:6; 5:14
  5. 1 Kings 12:28 Or here are your gods
  6. 1 Kings 12:30 Some LXX mss read calves to Bethel and the other to Dan
  7. 1 Kings 12:33 Or He went up to

Israel Rebels Against Rehoboam(A)

12 Rehoboam went to Shechem,(B) for all Israel had gone there to make him king. When Jeroboam son of Nebat heard this (he was still in Egypt, where he had fled(C) from King Solomon), he returned from[a] Egypt. So they sent for Jeroboam, and he and the whole assembly of Israel went to Rehoboam and said to him: “Your father put a heavy yoke(D) on us, but now lighten the harsh labor and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you.”

Rehoboam answered, “Go away for three days and then come back to me.” So the people went away.

Then King Rehoboam consulted the elders(E) who had served his father Solomon during his lifetime. “How would you advise me to answer these people?” he asked.

They replied, “If today you will be a servant to these people and serve them and give them a favorable answer,(F) they will always be your servants.”

But Rehoboam rejected(G) the advice the elders gave him and consulted the young men who had grown up with him and were serving him. He asked them, “What is your advice? How should we answer these people who say to me, ‘Lighten the yoke your father put on us’?”

10 The young men who had grown up with him replied, “These people have said to you, ‘Your father put a heavy yoke on us, but make our yoke lighter.’ Now tell them, ‘My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist. 11 My father laid on you a heavy yoke; I will make it even heavier. My father scourged you with whips; I will scourge you with scorpions.’”

12 Three days later Jeroboam and all the people returned to Rehoboam, as the king had said, “Come back to me in three days.” 13 The king answered the people harshly. Rejecting the advice given him by the elders, 14 he followed the advice of the young men and said, “My father made your yoke heavy; I will make it even heavier. My father scourged(H) you with whips; I will scourge you with scorpions.” 15 So the king did not listen to the people, for this turn of events was from the Lord,(I) to fulfill the word the Lord had spoken to Jeroboam son of Nebat through Ahijah(J) the Shilonite.

16 When all Israel saw that the king refused to listen to them, they answered the king:

“What share(K) do we have in David,
    what part in Jesse’s son?
To your tents, Israel!(L)
    Look after your own house, David!”

So the Israelites went home.(M) 17 But as for the Israelites who were living in the towns of Judah,(N) Rehoboam still ruled over them.

18 King Rehoboam sent out Adoniram,[b](O) who was in charge of forced labor, but all Israel stoned him to death.(P) King Rehoboam, however, managed to get into his chariot and escape to Jerusalem. 19 So Israel has been in rebellion against the house of David(Q) to this day.

20 When all the Israelites heard that Jeroboam had returned, they sent and called him to the assembly and made him king over all Israel. Only the tribe of Judah remained loyal to the house of David.(R)

21 When Rehoboam arrived in Jerusalem, he mustered all Judah and the tribe of Benjamin—a hundred and eighty thousand able young men—to go to war(S) against Israel and to regain the kingdom for Rehoboam son of Solomon.

22 But this word of God came to Shemaiah(T) the man of God:(U) 23 “Say to Rehoboam son of Solomon king of Judah, to all Judah and Benjamin, and to the rest of the people, 24 ‘This is what the Lord says: Do not go up to fight against your brothers, the Israelites. Go home, every one of you, for this is my doing.’” So they obeyed the word of the Lord and went home again, as the Lord had ordered.

Golden Calves at Bethel and Dan

25 Then Jeroboam fortified Shechem(V) in the hill country of Ephraim and lived there. From there he went out and built up Peniel.[c](W)

26 Jeroboam thought to himself, “The kingdom will now likely revert to the house of David. 27 If these people go up to offer sacrifices at the temple of the Lord in Jerusalem,(X) they will again give their allegiance to their lord, Rehoboam king of Judah. They will kill me and return to King Rehoboam.”

28 After seeking advice, the king made two golden calves.(Y) He said to the people, “It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem. Here are your gods, Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt.”(Z) 29 One he set up in Bethel,(AA) and the other in Dan.(AB) 30 And this thing became a sin;(AC) the people came to worship the one at Bethel and went as far as Dan to worship the other.[d]

31 Jeroboam built shrines(AD) on high places and appointed priests(AE) from all sorts of people, even though they were not Levites. 32 He instituted a festival on the fifteenth day of the eighth(AF) month, like the festival held in Judah, and offered sacrifices on the altar. This he did in Bethel,(AG) sacrificing to the calves he had made. And at Bethel he also installed priests at the high places he had made. 33 On the fifteenth day of the eighth month, a month of his own choosing, he offered sacrifices on the altar he had built at Bethel.(AH) So he instituted the festival for the Israelites and went up to the altar to make offerings.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 12:2 Or he remained in
  2. 1 Kings 12:18 Some Septuagint manuscripts and Syriac (see also 4:6 and 5:14); Hebrew Adoram
  3. 1 Kings 12:25 Hebrew Penuel, a variant of Peniel
  4. 1 Kings 12:30 Probable reading of the original Hebrew text; Masoretic Text people went to the one as far as Dan