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ουτος γαρ ο μελχισεδεκ βασιλευς σαλημ ιερευς του θεου του υψιστου ο συναντησας αβρααμ υποστρεφοντι απο της κοπης των βασιλεων και ευλογησας αυτον

ω και δεκατην απο παντων εμερισεν αβρααμ πρωτον μεν ερμηνευομενος βασιλευς δικαιοσυνης επειτα δε και βασιλευς σαλημ ο εστιν βασιλευς ειρηνης

απατωρ αμητωρ αγενεαλογητος μητε αρχην ημερων μητε ζωης τελος εχων αφωμοιωμενος δε τω υιω του θεου μενει ιερευς εις το διηνεκες

θεωρειτε δε πηλικος ουτος ω και δεκατην αβρααμ εδωκεν εκ των ακροθινιων ο πατριαρχης

και οι μεν εκ των υιων λευι την ιερατειαν λαμβανοντες εντολην εχουσιν αποδεκατουν τον λαον κατα τον νομον τουτεστιν τους αδελφους αυτων καιπερ εξεληλυθοτας εκ της οσφυος αβρααμ

ο δε μη γενεαλογουμενος εξ αυτων δεδεκατωκεν τον αβρααμ και τον εχοντα τας επαγγελιας ευλογηκεν

χωρις δε πασης αντιλογιας το ελαττον υπο του κρειττονος ευλογειται

και ωδε μεν δεκατας αποθνησκοντες ανθρωποι λαμβανουσιν εκει δε μαρτυρουμενος οτι ζη

και ως επος ειπειν δια αβρααμ και λευι ο δεκατας λαμβανων δεδεκατωται

10 ετι γαρ εν τη οσφυι του πατρος ην οτε συνηντησεν αυτω ο μελχισεδεκ

11 ει μεν ουν τελειωσις δια της λευιτικης ιερωσυνης ην ο λαος γαρ επ αυτη νενομοθετητο τις ετι χρεια κατα την ταξιν μελχισεδεκ ετερον ανιστασθαι ιερεα και ου κατα την ταξιν ααρων λεγεσθαι

12 μετατιθεμενης γαρ της ιερωσυνης εξ αναγκης και νομου μεταθεσις γινεται

13 εφ ον γαρ λεγεται ταυτα φυλης ετερας μετεσχηκεν αφ ης ουδεις προσεσχηκεν τω θυσιαστηριω

14 προδηλον γαρ οτι εξ ιουδα ανατεταλκεν ο κυριος ημων εις ην φυλην ουδεν περι ιερωσυνης μωσης ελαλησεν

15 και περισσοτερον ετι καταδηλον εστιν ει κατα την ομοιοτητα μελχισεδεκ ανισταται ιερευς ετερος

16 ος ου κατα νομον εντολης σαρκικης γεγονεν αλλα κατα δυναμιν ζωης ακαταλυτου

17 μαρτυρει γαρ οτι συ ιερευς εις τον αιωνα κατα την ταξιν μελχισεδεκ

18 αθετησις μεν γαρ γινεται προαγουσης εντολης δια το αυτης ασθενες και ανωφελες

19 ουδεν γαρ ετελειωσεν ο νομος επεισαγωγη δε κρειττονος ελπιδος δι ης εγγιζομεν τω θεω

20 και καθ οσον ου χωρις ορκωμοσιας οι μεν γαρ χωρις ορκωμοσιας εισιν ιερεις γεγονοτες

21 ο δε μετα ορκωμοσιας δια του λεγοντος προς αυτον ωμοσεν κυριος και ου μεταμεληθησεται συ ιερευς εις τον αιωνα κατα την ταξιν μελχισεδεκ

22 κατα τοσουτον κρειττονος διαθηκης γεγονεν εγγυος ιησους

23 και οι μεν πλειονες εισιν γεγονοτες ιερεις δια το θανατω κωλυεσθαι παραμενειν

24 ο δε δια το μενειν αυτον εις τον αιωνα απαραβατον εχει την ιερωσυνην

25 οθεν και σωζειν εις το παντελες δυναται τους προσερχομενους δι αυτου τω θεω παντοτε ζων εις το εντυγχανειν υπερ αυτων

26 τοιουτος γαρ ημιν επρεπεν αρχιερευς οσιος ακακος αμιαντος κεχωρισμενος απο των αμαρτωλων και υψηλοτερος των ουρανων γενομενος

27 ος ουκ εχει καθ ημεραν αναγκην ωσπερ οι αρχιερεις προτερον υπερ των ιδιων αμαρτιων θυσιας αναφερειν επειτα των του λαου τουτο γαρ εποιησεν εφαπαξ εαυτον ανενεγκας

28 ο νομος γαρ ανθρωπους καθιστησιν αρχιερεις εχοντας ασθενειαν ο λογος δε της ορκωμοσιας της μετα τον νομον υιον εις τον αιωνα τετελειωμενον

1. LA SUPERIORITA' DEL CRISTO SUI SACERDOTI LEVITICI

Melchisedek

Questo Melchìsedek infatti, re di Salem, sacerdote del Dio Altissimo, andò incontro ad Abramo mentre ritornava dalla sconfitta dei re e lo benedisse; a lui Abramo diede la decima di ogni cosa; anzitutto il suo nome tradotto significa re di giustizia; è inoltre anche re di Salem, cioè re di pace. Egli è senza padre, senza madre, senza genealogia, senza principio di giorni né fine di vita, fatto simile al Figlio di Dio e rimane sacerdote in eterno.

Melchisedek ha ricevuto la decima da Abramo

Considerate pertanto quanto sia grande costui, al quale Abramo, il patriarca, diede la decima del suo bottino. In verità anche quelli dei figli di Levi, che assumono il sacerdozio, hanno il mandato di riscuotere, secondo la legge, la decima dal popolo, cioè dai loro fratelli, essi pure discendenti da Abramo. Egli invece, che non era della loro stirpe, prese la decima da Abramo e benedisse colui che era depositario della promessa. Ora, senza dubbio, è l'inferiore che è benedetto dal superiore. Inoltre, qui riscuotono le decime uomini mortali; là invece le riscuote uno di cui si attesta che vive. Anzi si può dire che lo stesso Levi, che pur riceve le decime, ha versato la sua decima in Abramo: 10 egli si trovava infatti ancora nei lombi del suo antenato quando gli venne incontro Melchìsedek.

Dal sacerdozio levitico al sacerdozio secondo l'ordine di Melchisedek

11 Or dunque, se la perfezione fosse stata possibile per mezzo del sacerdozio levitico - sotto di esso il popolo ha ricevuto la legge - che bisogno c'era che sorgesse un altro sacerdote alla maniera di Melchìsedek, e non invece alla maniera di Aronne? 12 Infatti, mutato il sacerdozio, avviene necessariamente anche un mutamento della legge. 13 Questo si dice di chi è appartenuto a un'altra tribù, della quale nessuno mai fu addetto all'altare. 14 E' noto infatti che il Signore nostro è germogliato da Giuda e di questa tribù Mosè non disse nulla riguardo al sacerdozio.

L'abrogazione della legge antica

15 Ciò risulta ancor più evidente dal momento che, a somiglianza di Melchìsedek, sorge un altro sacerdote, 16 che non è diventato tale per ragione di una prescrizione carnale, ma per la potenza di una vita indefettibile. 17 Gli è resa infatti questa testimonianza:

Tu sei sacerdote in eterno alla maniera di Melchìsedek.

18 Si ha così l'abrogazione di un ordinamento precedente a causa della sua debolezza e inutilità - 19 la legge infatti non ha portato nulla alla perfezione - e si ha invece l'introduzione di una speranza migliore, grazie alla quale ci avviciniamo a Dio.

Immutabilità del sacerdozio del Cristo

20 Inoltre ciò non avvenne senza giuramento. Quelli infatti diventavano sacerdoti senza giuramento; 21 costui al contrario con un giuramento di colui che gli ha detto:

Il Signore ha giurato e non si pentirà:
tu sei sacerdote per sempre.

22 Per questo, Gesù è diventato garante di un'alleanza migliore.

23 Inoltre, quelli sono diventati sacerdoti in gran numero, perché la morte impediva loro di durare a lungo; 24 egli invece, poiché resta per sempre, possiede un sacerdozio che non tramonta. 25 Perciò può salvare perfettamente quelli che per mezzo di lui si accostano a Dio, essendo egli sempre vivo per intercedere a loro favore.

Perfezione del sommo sacerdote celeste

26 Tale era infatti il sommo sacerdote che ci occorreva: santo, innocente, senza macchia, separato dai peccatori ed elevato sopra i cieli; 27 egli non ha bisogno ogni giorno, come gli altri sommi sacerdoti, di offrire sacrifici prima per i propri peccati e poi per quelli del popolo, poiché egli ha fatto questo una volta per tutte, offrendo se stesso. 28 La legge infatti costituisce sommi sacerdoti uomini soggetti all'umana debolezza, ma la parola del giuramento, posteriore alla legge, costituisce il Figlio che è stato reso perfetto in eterno.

ουτος γαρ ο μελχισεδεκ βασιλευς σαλημ ιερευς του θεου του υψιστου ο συναντησας αβρααμ υποστρεφοντι απο της κοπης των βασιλεων και ευλογησας αυτον

ω και δεκατην απο παντων εμερισεν αβρααμ πρωτον μεν ερμηνευομενος βασιλευς δικαιοσυνης επειτα δε και βασιλευς σαλημ ο εστιν βασιλευς ειρηνης

απατωρ αμητωρ αγενεαλογητος μητε αρχην ημερων μητε ζωης τελος εχων αφωμοιωμενος δε τω υιω του θεου μενει ιερευς εις το διηνεκες

θεωρειτε δε πηλικος ουτος ω δεκατην αβρααμ εδωκεν εκ των ακροθινιων ο πατριαρχης

και οι μεν εκ των υιων λευι την ιερατειαν λαμβανοντες εντολην εχουσιν αποδεκατουν τον λαον κατα τον νομον τουτ εστιν τους αδελφους αυτων καιπερ εξεληλυθοτας εκ της οσφυος αβρααμ

ο δε μη γενεαλογουμενος εξ αυτων δεδεκατωκεν αβρααμ και τον εχοντα τας επαγγελιας ευλογηκεν

χωρις δε πασης αντιλογιας το ελαττον υπο του κρειττονος ευλογειται

και ωδε μεν δεκατας αποθνησκοντες ανθρωποι λαμβανουσιν εκει δε μαρτυρουμενος οτι ζη

και ως επος ειπειν δι αβρααμ και λευις ο δεκατας λαμβανων δεδεκατωται

10 ετι γαρ εν τη οσφυι του πατρος ην οτε συνηντησεν αυτω μελχισεδεκ

11 ει μεν ουν τελειωσις δια της λευιτικης ιερωσυνης ην ο λαος γαρ επ αυτης νενομοθετηται τις ετι χρεια κατα την ταξιν μελχισεδεκ ετερον ανιστασθαι ιερεα και ου κατα την ταξιν ααρων λεγεσθαι

12 μετατιθεμενης γαρ της ιερωσυνης εξ αναγκης και νομου μεταθεσις γινεται

13 εφ ον γαρ λεγεται ταυτα φυλης ετερας μετεσχηκεν αφ ης ουδεις προσεσχηκεν τω θυσιαστηριω

14 προδηλον γαρ οτι εξ ιουδα ανατεταλκεν ο κυριος ημων εις ην φυλην περι ιερεων ουδεν μωυσης ελαλησεν

15 και περισσοτερον ετι καταδηλον εστιν ει κατα την ομοιοτητα μελχισεδεκ ανισταται ιερευς ετερος

16 ος ου κατα νομον εντολης σαρκινης γεγονεν αλλα κατα δυναμιν ζωης ακαταλυτου

17 μαρτυρειται γαρ οτι συ ιερευς εις τον αιωνα κατα την ταξιν μελχισεδεκ

18 αθετησις μεν γαρ γινεται προαγουσης εντολης δια το αυτης ασθενες και ανωφελες

19 ουδεν γαρ ετελειωσεν ο νομος επεισαγωγη δε κρειττονος ελπιδος δι ης εγγιζομεν τω θεω

20 και καθ οσον ου χωρις ορκωμοσιας οι μεν γαρ χωρις ορκωμοσιας εισιν ιερεις γεγονοτες

21 ο δε μετα ορκωμοσιας δια του λεγοντος προς αυτον ωμοσεν κυριος και ου μεταμεληθησεται συ ιερευς εις τον αιωνα

22 κατα τοσουτο και κρειττονος διαθηκης γεγονεν εγγυος ιησους

23 και οι μεν πλειονες εισιν γεγονοτες ιερεις δια το θανατω κωλυεσθαι παραμενειν

24 ο δε δια το μενειν αυτον εις τον αιωνα απαραβατον εχει την ιερωσυνην

25 οθεν και σωζειν εις το παντελες δυναται τους προσερχομενους δι αυτου τω θεω παντοτε ζων εις το εντυγχανειν υπερ αυτων

26 τοιουτος γαρ ημιν [και] επρεπεν αρχιερευς οσιος ακακος αμιαντος κεχωρισμενος απο των αμαρτωλων και υψηλοτερος των ουρανων γενομενος

27 ος ουκ εχει καθ ημεραν αναγκην ωσπερ οι αρχιερεις προτερον υπερ των ιδιων αμαρτιων θυσιας αναφερειν επειτα των του λαου τουτο γαρ εποιησεν εφαπαξ εαυτον ανενεγκας

28 ο νομος γαρ ανθρωπους καθιστησιν αρχιερεις εχοντας ασθενειαν ο λογος δε της ορκωμοσιας της μετα τον νομον υιον εις τον αιωνα τετελειωμενον

Melchizedek the Priest

This Melchizedek was king of Salem(A) and priest of God Most High.(B) He met Abraham returning from the defeat of the kings and blessed him,(C) and Abraham gave him a tenth of everything. First, the name Melchizedek means “king of righteousness”; then also, “king of Salem” means “king of peace.” Without father or mother, without genealogy,(D) without beginning of days or end of life, resembling the Son of God,(E) he remains a priest forever.

Just think how great he was: Even the patriarch(F) Abraham gave him a tenth of the plunder!(G) Now the law requires the descendants of Levi who become priests to collect a tenth from the people(H)—that is, from their fellow Israelites—even though they also are descended from Abraham. This man, however, did not trace his descent from Levi, yet he collected a tenth from Abraham and blessed(I) him who had the promises.(J) And without doubt the lesser is blessed by the greater. In the one case, the tenth is collected by people who die; but in the other case, by him who is declared to be living.(K) One might even say that Levi, who collects the tenth, paid the tenth through Abraham, 10 because when Melchizedek met Abraham, Levi was still in the body of his ancestor.

Jesus Like Melchizedek

11 If perfection could have been attained through the Levitical priesthood—and indeed the law given to the people(L) established that priesthood—why was there still need for another priest to come,(M) one in the order of Melchizedek,(N) not in the order of Aaron? 12 For when the priesthood is changed, the law must be changed also. 13 He of whom these things are said belonged to a different tribe,(O) and no one from that tribe has ever served at the altar.(P) 14 For it is clear that our Lord descended from Judah,(Q) and in regard to that tribe Moses said nothing about priests. 15 And what we have said is even more clear if another priest like Melchizedek appears, 16 one who has become a priest not on the basis of a regulation as to his ancestry but on the basis of the power of an indestructible life. 17 For it is declared:

“You are a priest forever,
    in the order of Melchizedek.”[a](R)

18 The former regulation is set aside because it was weak and useless(S) 19 (for the law made nothing perfect),(T) and a better hope(U) is introduced, by which we draw near to God.(V)

20 And it was not without an oath! Others became priests without any oath, 21 but he became a priest with an oath when God said to him:

“The Lord has sworn
    and will not change his mind:(W)
    ‘You are a priest forever.’”[b](X)

22 Because of this oath, Jesus has become the guarantor of a better covenant.(Y)

23 Now there have been many of those priests, since death prevented them from continuing in office; 24 but because Jesus lives forever, he has a permanent priesthood.(Z) 25 Therefore he is able to save(AA) completely[c] those who come to God(AB) through him, because he always lives to intercede for them.(AC)

26 Such a high priest(AD) truly meets our need—one who is holy, blameless, pure, set apart from sinners,(AE) exalted above the heavens.(AF) 27 Unlike the other high priests, he does not need to offer sacrifices(AG) day after day, first for his own sins,(AH) and then for the sins of the people. He sacrificed for their sins once for all(AI) when he offered himself.(AJ) 28 For the law appoints as high priests men in all their weakness;(AK) but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the Son,(AL) who has been made perfect(AM) forever.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 7:17 Psalm 110:4
  2. Hebrews 7:21 Psalm 110:4
  3. Hebrews 7:25 Or forever

For this Melchisedec, king of Salem, priest of the most high God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings, and blessed him;

To whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all; first being by interpretation King of righteousness, and after that also King of Salem, which is, King of peace;

Without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life; but made like unto the Son of God; abideth a priest continually.

Now consider how great this man was, unto whom even the patriarch Abraham gave the tenth of the spoils.

And verily they that are of the sons of Levi, who receive the office of the priesthood, have a commandment to take tithes of the people according to the law, that is, of their brethren, though they come out of the loins of Abraham:

But he whose descent is not counted from them received tithes of Abraham, and blessed him that had the promises.

And without all contradiction the less is blessed of the better.

And here men that die receive tithes; but there he receiveth them, of whom it is witnessed that he liveth.

And as I may so say, Levi also, who receiveth tithes, payed tithes in Abraham.

10 For he was yet in the loins of his father, when Melchisedec met him.

11 If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for under it the people received the law,) what further need was there that another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and not be called after the order of Aaron?

12 For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law.

13 For he of whom these things are spoken pertaineth to another tribe, of which no man gave attendance at the altar.

14 For it is evident that our Lord sprang out of Juda; of which tribe Moses spake nothing concerning priesthood.

15 And it is yet far more evident: for that after the similitude of Melchisedec there ariseth another priest,

16 Who is made, not after the law of a carnal commandment, but after the power of an endless life.

17 For he testifieth, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec.

18 For there is verily a disannulling of the commandment going before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof.

19 For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope did; by the which we draw nigh unto God.

20 And inasmuch as not without an oath he was made priest:

21 (For those priests were made without an oath; but this with an oath by him that said unto him, The Lord sware and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec:)

22 By so much was Jesus made a surety of a better testament.

23 And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death:

24 But this man, because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood.

25 Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them.

26 For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens;

27 Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself.

28 For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, maketh the Son, who is consecrated for evermore.