大祭司麥基洗德

這位麥基洗德是撒冷王,也是至高上帝的祭司。當年亞伯拉罕殺敗眾王凱旋歸來的時候,麥基洗德迎上去為他祝福, 亞伯拉罕把戰利品的十分之一給了他。麥基洗德這名字的原意是「公義之王」,後來他又被稱為撒冷王,意思是「和平之王」。 他的父母、族譜、生辰、壽數都不得而知,他跟上帝的兒子相似,永遠擔任祭司的職分。

試想,連我們的祖先亞伯拉罕都將戰利品的十分之一給了他,可見他是何等的尊貴! 按照猶太人的律法,那些承襲做祭司的利未後裔可以照例向自己的同胞,就是亞伯拉罕的後裔,收取十分之一。 但這位與猶太人沒有血緣關係的麥基洗德,不單接受了亞伯拉罕給他的十分之一,還為承受應許的亞伯拉罕祝福。 毫無疑問,那為人祝福的總比領受祝福的位分大。 收取十分之一的利未祭司都是會死的人,但那位收取十分之一的麥基洗德被證明仍然活著。 這樣說來,連接受十分之一奉獻的利未也透過亞伯拉罕向麥基洗德納了十分之一。 10 因為亞伯拉罕遇見麥基洗德時,利未雖然還沒有出生,卻已經在他祖先的身體裡面了。

大祭司耶穌

11 猶太人在利未祭司制度的基礎上承受了律法,如果通過這個祭司制度可以達到純全,又何必照麥基洗德的模式而不是亞倫的模式,另外興起一位祭司呢? 12 既然這祭司制度更改了,律法也必須更改。 13 因為這裡所說的這位祭司屬於別的支派,那支派裡從來沒有在祭壇前供職的祭司。 14 顯然,我們的主基督屬於猶大支派,摩西從來沒有說這個支派會出祭司。

15-16 如果照麥基洗德的模式另外興起一位祭司,祂做祭司不是照律法要求的血統關係,而是照不能朽壞之生命的大能,事情就更加清楚了。 17 因為有一處經文為祂做見證說:「你照麥基洗德的模式永遠做祭司。」 18 以前的條例由於本身的弱點和無益被廢除了, 19 因為律法並沒有使人變得純全。但如今,我們可以藉著一個更美好的盼望來到上帝面前。

20 此外,耶穌做祭司並非沒有誓言作保,其他人做祭司沒有誓言作保。 21 上帝只對耶穌說過:

「主起了誓,絕不反悔,
你永遠做祭司。」

22 這誓言使耶穌成了更美之約的保證人。 23 以前做祭司的人數極多,但因為受死亡的限制,都不能長久擔任聖職。 24 然而,基督永遠活著,祂的祭司職位也永不更改。 25 所以祂能拯救那些靠著祂來到上帝面前的人,直到永遠,因為祂永遠活著,為他們祈求。

26 我們所需要的,正是這樣一位聖潔無瑕、良善純全、遠離罪惡、超越諸天的大祭司。 27 祂無需像其他大祭司每天先為自己的罪獻祭,然後為百姓的罪獻祭,因為祂只一次獻上自己的生命,便永遠完成了贖罪的工作。 28 根據律法所立的大祭司都有弱點,但律法之後憑誓言所立的大祭司——上帝的兒子永遠純全。

The King of Righteousness(A)

For this (B)Melchizedek, king of Salem, priest of the Most High God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings and blessed him, to whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all, first being translated “king of righteousness,” and then also king of Salem, meaning “king of peace,” without father, without mother, without genealogy, having neither beginning of days nor end of life, but made like the Son of God, remains a priest continually.

Now consider how great this man was, to whom even the patriarch Abraham gave a tenth of the [a]spoils. And indeed (C)those who are of the sons of Levi, who receive the priesthood, have a commandment to receive tithes from the people according to the law, that is, from their brethren, though they have come from the loins of Abraham; but he whose genealogy is not derived from them received tithes from Abraham (D)and blessed (E)him who had the promises. Now beyond all contradiction the lesser is blessed by the better. Here mortal men receive tithes, but there he receives them, (F)of whom it is witnessed that he lives. Even Levi, who receives tithes, paid tithes through Abraham, so to speak, 10 for he was still in the loins of his father when Melchizedek met him.

Need for a New Priesthood(G)

11 (H)Therefore, if perfection were through the Levitical priesthood (for under it the people received the law), what further need was there that another priest should rise according to the order of Melchizedek, and not be called according to the order of Aaron? 12 For the priesthood being changed, of necessity there is also a change of the law. 13 For He of whom these things are spoken belongs to another tribe, from which no man has [b]officiated at the altar.

14 For it is evident that (I)our Lord arose from (J)Judah, of which tribe Moses spoke nothing concerning [c]priesthood. 15 And it is yet far more evident if, in the likeness of Melchizedek, there arises another priest 16 who has come, not according to the law of a fleshly commandment, but according to the power of an endless life. 17 For [d]He testifies:

(K)“You are a priest forever
According to the order of Melchizedek.”

18 For on the one hand there is an annulling of the former commandment because of (L)its weakness and unprofitableness, 19 for (M)the law made nothing [e]perfect; on the other hand, there is the bringing in of (N)a better hope, through which (O)we draw near to God.

Greatness of the New Priest

20 And inasmuch as He was not made priest without an oath 21 (for they have become priests without an oath, but He with an oath by Him who said to Him:

(P)“The Lord has sworn
And will not relent,
‘You are a priest [f]forever
According to the order of Melchizedek’ ”),

22 by so much more Jesus has become a [g]surety of a (Q)better covenant.

23 Also there were many priests, because they were prevented by death from continuing. 24 But He, because He continues forever, has an unchangeable priesthood. 25 Therefore He is also (R)able to save [h]to the uttermost those who come to God through Him, since He always lives (S)to make intercession for them.

26 For such a High Priest was fitting for us, (T)who is holy, [i]harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, (U)and has become higher than the heavens; 27 who does not need daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifices, first for His (V)own sins and then for the people’s, for this He did once for all when He offered up Himself. 28 For the law appoints as high priests men who have weakness, but the word of the oath, which came after the law, appoints the Son who has been perfected forever.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 7:4 plunder
  2. Hebrews 7:13 served
  3. Hebrews 7:14 NU priests
  4. Hebrews 7:17 NU it is testified
  5. Hebrews 7:19 complete
  6. Hebrews 7:21 NU ends the quotation after forever.
  7. Hebrews 7:22 guarantee
  8. Hebrews 7:25 completely or forever
  9. Hebrews 7:26 innocent

Melchizedek the Priest

This Melchizedek was king of Salem(A) and priest of God Most High.(B) He met Abraham returning from the defeat of the kings and blessed him,(C) and Abraham gave him a tenth of everything. First, the name Melchizedek means “king of righteousness”; then also, “king of Salem” means “king of peace.” Without father or mother, without genealogy,(D) without beginning of days or end of life, resembling the Son of God,(E) he remains a priest forever.

Just think how great he was: Even the patriarch(F) Abraham gave him a tenth of the plunder!(G) Now the law requires the descendants of Levi who become priests to collect a tenth from the people(H)—that is, from their fellow Israelites—even though they also are descended from Abraham. This man, however, did not trace his descent from Levi, yet he collected a tenth from Abraham and blessed(I) him who had the promises.(J) And without doubt the lesser is blessed by the greater. In the one case, the tenth is collected by people who die; but in the other case, by him who is declared to be living.(K) One might even say that Levi, who collects the tenth, paid the tenth through Abraham, 10 because when Melchizedek met Abraham, Levi was still in the body of his ancestor.

Jesus Like Melchizedek

11 If perfection could have been attained through the Levitical priesthood—and indeed the law given to the people(L) established that priesthood—why was there still need for another priest to come,(M) one in the order of Melchizedek,(N) not in the order of Aaron? 12 For when the priesthood is changed, the law must be changed also. 13 He of whom these things are said belonged to a different tribe,(O) and no one from that tribe has ever served at the altar.(P) 14 For it is clear that our Lord descended from Judah,(Q) and in regard to that tribe Moses said nothing about priests. 15 And what we have said is even more clear if another priest like Melchizedek appears, 16 one who has become a priest not on the basis of a regulation as to his ancestry but on the basis of the power of an indestructible life. 17 For it is declared:

“You are a priest forever,
    in the order of Melchizedek.”[a](R)

18 The former regulation is set aside because it was weak and useless(S) 19 (for the law made nothing perfect),(T) and a better hope(U) is introduced, by which we draw near to God.(V)

20 And it was not without an oath! Others became priests without any oath, 21 but he became a priest with an oath when God said to him:

“The Lord has sworn
    and will not change his mind:(W)
    ‘You are a priest forever.’”[b](X)

22 Because of this oath, Jesus has become the guarantor of a better covenant.(Y)

23 Now there have been many of those priests, since death prevented them from continuing in office; 24 but because Jesus lives forever, he has a permanent priesthood.(Z) 25 Therefore he is able to save(AA) completely[c] those who come to God(AB) through him, because he always lives to intercede for them.(AC)

26 Such a high priest(AD) truly meets our need—one who is holy, blameless, pure, set apart from sinners,(AE) exalted above the heavens.(AF) 27 Unlike the other high priests, he does not need to offer sacrifices(AG) day after day, first for his own sins,(AH) and then for the sins of the people. He sacrificed for their sins once for all(AI) when he offered himself.(AJ) 28 For the law appoints as high priests men in all their weakness;(AK) but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the Son,(AL) who has been made perfect(AM) forever.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 7:17 Psalm 110:4
  2. Hebrews 7:21 Psalm 110:4
  3. Hebrews 7:25 Or forever