ملكيصادق الكاهن

فَإِنَّ مَلْكِيصَادَقَ الْمَذْكُورَ، كَانَ مَلِكاً عَلَى مَدِينَةِ سَالِيمَ وَكَاهِناً لِلهِ الْعَلِيِّ، فِي وَقْتٍ وَاحِدٍ. وَقَدِ اسْتَقْبَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَائِدَ مُنْتَصِراً مِنْ مَعْرَكَةٍ هَزَمَ فِيهَا عَدَداً مِنَ الْمُلُوكِ، وَبَارَكَهُ. وَأَدَّى لَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عُشْراً مِنْ كُلِّ مَا غَنِمَهُ فِي الْمَعْرَكَةِ. فَمِنْ جِهَةٍ، يَعْنِي اسْمُ مَلْكِيصَادَقَ «مَلِكَ الْعَدْلِ». وَمِنْ جِهَةٍ أُخْرَى، كَانَ لَقَبُهُ «مَلِكَ سَالِيمَ» أَيْ «مَلِكَ السَّلامِ». وَالْوَحْيُ لَا يَذْكُرُ لَهُ أَباً وَلا أُمّاً وَلا نَسَباً، كَمَا لَا يَذْكُرُ شَيْئاً عَنْ وِلادَتِهِ أَوْ مَوْتِهِ. وَذَلِكَ لِكَيْ يَصِحَّ اعْتِبَارُهُ رَمْزاً لابْنِ اللهِ، بِوَصْفِهِ كَاهِناً إِلَى الأَبَدِ. لِنَتَأَمَّلِ الآنَ كَمْ كَانَ هَذَا الشَّخْصُ عَظِيماً. فَحَتَّى إِبْرَاهِيمُ، جَدُّنَا الأَكْبَرُ، أَدَّى لَهُ عُشْراً مِنْ غَنَائِمِهِ. وَنَحْنُ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّ شَرِيعَةَ مُوسَى تُوصِي الْكَهَنَةَ الْمُتَحَدِّرِينَ مِنْ نَسْلِ لاوِي بِأَنْ يَأْخُذُوا الْعُشُورَ مِنَ الشَّعْبِ، أَيْ مِنْ إِخْوَتِهِمْ، مَعَ أَنَّ أَصْلَهُمْ جَمِيعاً يَرْجِعُ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ. وَلَكِنَّ مَلْكِيصَادَقَ الَّذِي لَا يَجْمَعُهُ بِهَؤُلاءِ أَيُّ نَسَبٍ، أَخَذَ الْعُشْرَ مِنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارَكَهُ، مَعَ كَوْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَاصِلاً عَلَى وُعُودٍ بِالْبَرَكَةِ مِنَ اللهِ.

إِذَنْ، لَا خِلافَ أَنَّ مَلْكِيصَادَقَ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَإلَّا فَمَا كَانَ قَدْ بَارَكَهُ!

أَضِفْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْكَهَنَةَ الْمُتَحَدِّرِينَ مِنْ نَسْلِ لاوِي، الَّذِينَ يَأْخُذُونَ العُشُورَ بِمُوجِبِ الشَّرِيعَةِ، هُمْ بَشَرٌ يَمُوتُونَ. أَمَّا مَلْكِيصَادَقُ، الَّذِي أَخَذَ الْعُشُورَ مِنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَمَشْهُودٌ لَهُ بِأَنَّهُ حَيٌّ. وَلَوْ جَازَ الْقَوْلُ، لَقُلْنَا: حَتَّى لاوِي، الَّذِي يَأْخُذُ نَسْلُهُ الْعُشُورَ، هُوَ أَيْضاً قَدْ أَدَّى الْعُشُورَ لِمَلْكِيصَادَقَ مِنْ خِلالِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ. 10 فَمَعَ أَنَّ لاوِي لَمْ يَكُنْ قَدْ وُلِدَ بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ مَوْجُوداً فِي صُلْبِ جَدِّهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عِنْدَمَا لاقَاهُ مَلْكِيصَادَقُ.

يسوع مثل ملكيصادق

11 إِنَّ شَرِيعَةَ مُوسَى كُلَّهَا كَانَتْ تَدُورُ حَوْلَ نِظَامِ الْكَهَنُوتِ الَّذِي قَامَ بَنُو لاوِي بِتَأْدِيَةِ وَاجِبَاتِهِ. إِلّا أَنَّ ذَلِكَ النِّظَامَ لَمْ يُوصِلْ إِلَى الْكَمَالِ أُولئِكَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَعْبُدُونَ اللهَ عَلَى أَسَاسِهِ. وَإلَّا، لَمَا دَعَتِ الْحَاجَةُ إِلَى تَعْيِينِ كَاهِنٍ آخَرَ عَلَى رُتْبَةِ مَلْكِيصَادَقَ، وَلَيْسَ عَلَى رُتْبَةِ هَرُونَ! 12 وَحِينَ يَحْدُثُ أَيُّ تَغَيُّرٍ فِي الْكَهَنُوتِ، فَمِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ يُقَابِلَهُ تَغَيُّرٌ مُمَاثِلٌ فِي شَرِيعَةِ الْكَهَنُوتِ. 13 فَالْمَسِيحُ، رَئِيسُ كَهَنَتِنَا، لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ سِبْطِ لاوِي، الَّذِي كَانَ كَهَنَةُ الْيَهُودِ يَتَحَدَّرُونَ مِنْهُ. 14 إِذْ مِنَ الْوَاضِحِ تَارِيخِيًّا أَنَّ رَبَّنَا يَرْجِعُ بِأَصْلِهِ الْبَشَرِيِّ إِلَى يَهُوذَا. وَشَرِيعَةُ مُوسَى لَا تَذْكُرُ أَيَّةَ عَلاقَةٍ لِنَسْلِ يَهُوذَا بِنِظَامِ الْكَهَنُوتِ.

15 وَمِمَّا يَزِيدُ الأَمْرَ وُضُوحاً، أَنَّ الْكَاهِنَ الْجَدِيدَ، الشَّبِيهَ بِمَلْكِيصَادَقَ، 16 لَمْ يُعَيَّنْ كَاهِناً عَلَى أَسَاسِ الشَّرِيعَةِ الَّتِي تُوصِي بِضَرُورَةِ الانْتِمَاءِ إِلَى نَسْلٍ بَشَرِيٍّ مُعَيَّنٍ، بَلْ عَلَى أَسَاسِ الْقُوَّةِ النَّابِعَةِ مِنْ حَيَاتِهِ الَّتِي لَا تَزُولُ أَبَداً. 17 ذَلِكَ لأَنَّ الْوَحْيَ يَشْهَدُ لَهُ قَائِلاً: «أَنْتَ كَاهِنٌ إِلَى الأَبَدِ عَلَى رُتْبَةِ مَلْكِيصَادَقَ!»

18 هَكَذَا، يَتَبَيَّنُ أَنَّ نِظَامَ الْكَهَنُوتِ الْقَدِيمَ قَدْ أُلْغِيَ لأَنَّهُ عَاجِزٌ وَغَيْرُ نَافِعٍ. 19 فَالشَّرِيعَةُ لَمْ تُوصِلِ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَعْبُدُونَ اللهَ بِحَسَبِهَا وَلَوْ إِلَى أَدْنَى دَرَجَاتِ الْكَمَالِ. وَلِذَلِكَ، وَضَعَ اللهُ أَسَاساً جَدِيداً لِلاقْتِرَابِ إِلَيْهِ، مُقَدِّماً لَنَا رَجَاءً أَفْضَلَ.

20 ثُمَّ إِنَّ تَعْيِينَ الْمَسِيحِ رَئِيسَ كَهَنَةٍ، قَدْ تَأَيَّدَ بِالْقَسَمِ. 21 أَمَّا بَنُو لاوِي، فَكَانُوا يَصِيرُونَ كَهَنَةً دُونَ أَيِّ قَسَمٍ. هَذَا الْقَسَمُ وَاضِحٌ فِي قَوْلِ الله: «أَقْسَمَ الرَّبُّ وَلَنْ يَتَرَاجَعَ: أَنْتَ كَاهِنٌ إِلَى الأَبَدِ» 22 فَعَلَى أَسَاسِ ذَلِكَ الْقَسَمِ، صَارَ يَسُوعُ ضَامِناً لِعَهْدٍ أَفْضَلَ! 23 فَضْلاً عَنْ هَذَا، فالْكَهَنَةُ الْعَادِيُّونَ كَانُوا يَتَغَيَّرُونَ دَائِماً، لأَنَّ الْمَوْتَ كَانَ يَمْنَعُ أَيَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مِنَ الْبَقَاءِ. 24 وَأَمَّا الْمَسِيحُ، فَلأَنَّهُ حَيٌّ إِلَى الأَبَدِ، فَهُوَ يَبْقَى صَاحِبَ كَهَنُوتٍ لَا يَزُولُ! 25 وَهُوَ لِذَلِكَ قَادِرٌ دَائِماً أَنْ يُحَقِّقَ الْخَلاصَ الْكَامِلَ لِلَّذِينَ يَتَقَرَّبُونَ بِهِ إِلَى اللهِ. فَهُوَ، فِي حَضْرَةِ اللهِ، حَيٌّ عَلَى الدَّوَامِ لِيَتَضَرَّعَ مِنْ أَجْلِهِمْ وَيُحَامِيَ عَنْهُمْ! 26 نَعَمْ، هَذَا هُوَ رَئِيسُ الْكَهَنَةِ الَّذِي كُنَّا مُحْتَاجِينَ إِلَيْهِ. إِنَّهُ قُدُّوسٌ، لَا عَيْبَةَ فِيهِ، وَلا نَجَاسَةَ، قَدِ انْفَصَلَ عَنِ الْخَاطِئِينَ، وَارْتَفَعَ حَتَّى صَارَ أَسْمَى مِنَ السَّمَاوَاتِ. 27 وَهُوَ لَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى مَا كَانَ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ قَدِيماً كُلُّ رَئِيسِ كَهَنَةٍ: أَنْ يُقَدِّمَ الذَّبَائِحَ يَوْمِيًّا لِلتَّكْفِيرِ عَنْ خَطَايَاهُ الْخَاصَّةِ أَوَّلاً، ثُمَّ عَنْ خَطَايَا الشَّعْبِ، وَذَلِكَ لأَنَّهُ كَفَّرَ عَنْ خَطَايَاهُمْ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً، حِينَ قَدَّمَ نَفْسَهُ عَنْهُمْ. 28 إِذَنْ، كَانَتِ الشَّرِيعَةُ تُعَيِّنُ كُلَّ رَئِيسِ كَهَنَةٍ مِنْ بَيْنِ الْبَشَرِ الضُّعَفَاءِ. أَمَّا كَلِمَةُ الْقَسَمِ، الَّتِي جَاءَتْ بَعْدَ الشَّرِيعَةِ، فَقَدْ عَيَّنَتِ ابْنَ اللهِ، الْمُؤَهَّلَ تَمَاماً لِمُهِمَّتِهِ، رَئِيسَ كَهَنَةٍ إِلَى الأَبَدِ!

Il grande Melchisedek

Questo Melchisedek era re della città di Salem, sacerdote del Dio Altissimo. Quando Abramo tornò, dopo aver vinto una grande battaglia contro molti re, Melchisedek gli andò incontro e lo benedisse. Allora Abramo prese la decima parte di tutto ciò che aveva vinto in battaglia e la diede a Melchisedek.

Il nome Melchisedek significa innanzitutto il re della giustizia, poi è anche il re della pace, dal nome della sua città, Salem, che significa «pace». Nella Bibbia non si parla né di suo padre, né di sua madre, né dei suoi antenati; né della sua nascita, né della sua morte.

Fatto simile al Figlio di Dio, egli rimane sacerdote per sempre.

Considerate ora la grandezza di Melchisedek:

a) Perfino il patriarca Abramo, il più onorato fra tutti i prescelti da Dio, diede a Melchisedek la decima parte del bottino conquistato in battaglia. Si potrebbe capire il gesto di Abramo, se Melchisedek fosse stato un sacerdote giudeo.

Infatti, più tardi, il popolo di Dio fu obbligato per legge a dare la decima parte dei propri beni ai suoi sacerdoti, in quanto parenti. Melchisedek, invece, non apparteneva alla loro stirpe, eppure Abramo gli diede la decima parte di ciò che aveva.

b) Melchisedek impartì la benedizione al potente Abramo e, come tutti sanno, la persona che ha il potere di benedire è sempre più grande di chi riceve la sua benedizione.

c) I sacerdoti giudei che ricevono la decima parte di tutto sono dei semplici mortali, qui, invece, la Scrittura ci dice che chi prese la decima parte, ossia Melchisedek, vive in eterno (è come se Dio testimoniasse che egli è ancora vivente, visto che nulla è menzionato nella Scrittura della sua morte).

d) si potrebbe perfino dire che lo stesso Levi, capostipite di tutti i sacerdoti giudei (e cioè di tutti quelli che ricevono le decime), abbia pagato la decima a Melchisedek per mezzo di Abramo. 10 Perché, anche se Levi non era ancora nato, il seme con cui fu concepito era già in Abramo, quando Melchisedek gli andò incontro.

11 Se dunque i sacerdoti ebraici e le loro leggi avessero potuto salvarci, che bisogno aveva Dio di mandare Cristo come sacerdote secondo lʼordine di Melchisedek, anziché mandare qualcuno secondo lʼordine di Aronne, lo stesso a cui appartengono tutti gli altri sacerdoti?

12-14 Ma quando Dio cambia il tipo di sacerdote, deve cambiare anche la sua legge. Come tutti sappiamo, Cristo non faceva parte della tribù sacerdotale di Levi, ma nacque nella tribù di Giuda, i cui membri non furono mai sacerdoti; infatti Mosè non li incaricò mai di quel lavoro. 15 Da ciò possiamo capire chiaramente che Dio ha cambiato sistema, perché Cristo, il nuovo sommo sacerdote, che è venuto secondo lʼordine di Melchisedek, 16 non è diventato tale grazie alla vecchia legge umana secondo la quale tutti i sacerdoti devono appartenere alla tribù di Levi. Ma Cristo è diventato il nostro sommo sacerdote, grazie alla potenza proveniente da una vita eterna.

17 E il salmista sottolinea questo particolare, quando dice di lui: «Tu sei sacerdote in eterno, secondo lʼordine di Melchisedek».

18 In questo modo è stato abolito il vecchio sistema di sacerdozio basato sulla discendenza familiare, perché ormai non serve più: è debole e inutile per salvare la gente.

19 Infatti la legge di Mosè, che si basa su questo sistema di sacerdozio, non ha mai reso nessuno perfetto agli occhi di Dio. Ma ora, al suo posto, noi abbiamo una speranza di gran lunga migliore: Cristo, che ci ha resi accettabili agli occhi di Dio, tanto che ora possiamo avvicinarci a lui. 20 Per di più Dio giurò che Cristo sarebbe stato sacerdote in eterno, 21 mentre gli altri sono stati fatti sacerdoti senza giuramenti. Soltanto a Cristo Dio disse: «Il Signore lʼha giurato e non se ne pentirà mai: tu sei sacerdote in eterno, secondo lʼordine di Melchisedek». 22 Grazie al giuramento di Dio, Cristo può garantire per sempre il buon fine di questo nuovo patto certamente migliore del primo.

23 E vʼè di più. Secondo lʼantico patto i sacerdoti devono essere numerosi in modo che, quando qualcuno muore, il sistema venga mantenuto da quelli che rimangono.

24 Gesù, invece, vive sempre e possiede un sacerdozio che non si trasmette. 25 Egli può salvare perfettamente tutti quelli che, per mezzo suo, sʼavvicinano a Dio. Infatti egli vive per sempre per pregare Dio in loro favore.

26 Era proprio questo il sommo sacerdote di cui avevamo bisogno! Egli è santo, innocente, senza macchia di peccato e incontaminato dai peccatori; a lui è stato assegnato il posto dʼonore in cielo. 27 Cristo non ha bisogno, come gli altri sacerdoti, di offrire tutti i giorni sacrifici di animali, prima per i propri peccati, poi per quelli del popolo, perché egli ha offerto un sacrificio una volta per tutte, quando ha sacrificato se stesso sulla croce. 28 Secondo il vecchio sistema, i sommi sacerdoti sono uomini deboli e peccatori, incapaci di evitare il male; in seguito invece Dio, con un giuramento, ha eletto sommo sacerdote suo Figlio che è perfetto per lʼeternità.

Melchizedek the Priest

This Melchizedek was king of Salem(A) and priest of God Most High.(B) He met Abraham returning from the defeat of the kings and blessed him,(C) and Abraham gave him a tenth of everything. First, the name Melchizedek means “king of righteousness”; then also, “king of Salem” means “king of peace.” Without father or mother, without genealogy,(D) without beginning of days or end of life, resembling the Son of God,(E) he remains a priest forever.

Just think how great he was: Even the patriarch(F) Abraham gave him a tenth of the plunder!(G) Now the law requires the descendants of Levi who become priests to collect a tenth from the people(H)—that is, from their fellow Israelites—even though they also are descended from Abraham. This man, however, did not trace his descent from Levi, yet he collected a tenth from Abraham and blessed(I) him who had the promises.(J) And without doubt the lesser is blessed by the greater. In the one case, the tenth is collected by people who die; but in the other case, by him who is declared to be living.(K) One might even say that Levi, who collects the tenth, paid the tenth through Abraham, 10 because when Melchizedek met Abraham, Levi was still in the body of his ancestor.

Jesus Like Melchizedek

11 If perfection could have been attained through the Levitical priesthood—and indeed the law given to the people(L) established that priesthood—why was there still need for another priest to come,(M) one in the order of Melchizedek,(N) not in the order of Aaron? 12 For when the priesthood is changed, the law must be changed also. 13 He of whom these things are said belonged to a different tribe,(O) and no one from that tribe has ever served at the altar.(P) 14 For it is clear that our Lord descended from Judah,(Q) and in regard to that tribe Moses said nothing about priests. 15 And what we have said is even more clear if another priest like Melchizedek appears, 16 one who has become a priest not on the basis of a regulation as to his ancestry but on the basis of the power of an indestructible life. 17 For it is declared:

“You are a priest forever,
    in the order of Melchizedek.”[a](R)

18 The former regulation is set aside because it was weak and useless(S) 19 (for the law made nothing perfect),(T) and a better hope(U) is introduced, by which we draw near to God.(V)

20 And it was not without an oath! Others became priests without any oath, 21 but he became a priest with an oath when God said to him:

“The Lord has sworn
    and will not change his mind:(W)
    ‘You are a priest forever.’”[b](X)

22 Because of this oath, Jesus has become the guarantor of a better covenant.(Y)

23 Now there have been many of those priests, since death prevented them from continuing in office; 24 but because Jesus lives forever, he has a permanent priesthood.(Z) 25 Therefore he is able to save(AA) completely[c] those who come to God(AB) through him, because he always lives to intercede for them.(AC)

26 Such a high priest(AD) truly meets our need—one who is holy, blameless, pure, set apart from sinners,(AE) exalted above the heavens.(AF) 27 Unlike the other high priests, he does not need to offer sacrifices(AG) day after day, first for his own sins,(AH) and then for the sins of the people. He sacrificed for their sins once for all(AI) when he offered himself.(AJ) 28 For the law appoints as high priests men in all their weakness;(AK) but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the Son,(AL) who has been made perfect(AM) forever.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 7:17 Psalm 110:4
  2. Hebrews 7:21 Psalm 110:4
  3. Hebrews 7:25 Or forever

The King of Righteousness(A)

For this (B)Melchizedek, king of Salem, priest of the Most High God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings and blessed him, to whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all, first being translated “king of righteousness,” and then also king of Salem, meaning “king of peace,” without father, without mother, without genealogy, having neither beginning of days nor end of life, but made like the Son of God, remains a priest continually.

Now consider how great this man was, to whom even the patriarch Abraham gave a tenth of the [a]spoils. And indeed (C)those who are of the sons of Levi, who receive the priesthood, have a commandment to receive tithes from the people according to the law, that is, from their brethren, though they have come from the loins of Abraham; but he whose genealogy is not derived from them received tithes from Abraham (D)and blessed (E)him who had the promises. Now beyond all contradiction the lesser is blessed by the better. Here mortal men receive tithes, but there he receives them, (F)of whom it is witnessed that he lives. Even Levi, who receives tithes, paid tithes through Abraham, so to speak, 10 for he was still in the loins of his father when Melchizedek met him.

Need for a New Priesthood(G)

11 (H)Therefore, if perfection were through the Levitical priesthood (for under it the people received the law), what further need was there that another priest should rise according to the order of Melchizedek, and not be called according to the order of Aaron? 12 For the priesthood being changed, of necessity there is also a change of the law. 13 For He of whom these things are spoken belongs to another tribe, from which no man has [b]officiated at the altar.

14 For it is evident that (I)our Lord arose from (J)Judah, of which tribe Moses spoke nothing concerning [c]priesthood. 15 And it is yet far more evident if, in the likeness of Melchizedek, there arises another priest 16 who has come, not according to the law of a fleshly commandment, but according to the power of an endless life. 17 For [d]He testifies:

(K)“You are a priest forever
According to the order of Melchizedek.”

18 For on the one hand there is an annulling of the former commandment because of (L)its weakness and unprofitableness, 19 for (M)the law made nothing [e]perfect; on the other hand, there is the bringing in of (N)a better hope, through which (O)we draw near to God.

Greatness of the New Priest

20 And inasmuch as He was not made priest without an oath 21 (for they have become priests without an oath, but He with an oath by Him who said to Him:

(P)“The Lord has sworn
And will not relent,
‘You are a priest [f]forever
According to the order of Melchizedek’ ”),

22 by so much more Jesus has become a [g]surety of a (Q)better covenant.

23 Also there were many priests, because they were prevented by death from continuing. 24 But He, because He continues forever, has an unchangeable priesthood. 25 Therefore He is also (R)able to save [h]to the uttermost those who come to God through Him, since He always lives (S)to make intercession for them.

26 For such a High Priest was fitting for us, (T)who is holy, [i]harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, (U)and has become higher than the heavens; 27 who does not need daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifices, first for His (V)own sins and then for the people’s, for this He did once for all when He offered up Himself. 28 For the law appoints as high priests men who have weakness, but the word of the oath, which came after the law, appoints the Son who has been perfected forever.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 7:4 plunder
  2. Hebrews 7:13 served
  3. Hebrews 7:14 NU priests
  4. Hebrews 7:17 NU it is testified
  5. Hebrews 7:19 complete
  6. Hebrews 7:21 NU ends the quotation after forever.
  7. Hebrews 7:22 guarantee
  8. Hebrews 7:25 completely or forever
  9. Hebrews 7:26 innocent