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누가복음 21
Korean Living Bible
누가복음 21
Korean Living Bible
21 예수님은 부자들이 헌금하는 것과
2 가난한 과부가 [a]렙돈 두 푼을 넣는 것을 보시고
3 이렇게 말씀하셨다. “내가 분명히 말하지만 이 가난한 과부가 다른 모든 사람보다 더 많이 헌금하였다.
4 그들은 모두 넉넉한 데서 헌금하였으나 이 과부는 가난한 중에서도 자기 생활비 전부를 바쳤다.”
미래에 대한 예고
5 몇몇 제자들이 아름다운 돌과 예물로 화려하게 꾸며진 성전을 보고 감탄하자 예수님이 그들에게 말씀하셨다.
6 “너희가 보고 있는 이 건물이 돌 하나도 제대로 얹혀 있지 않고 다 무너져내릴 날이 올 것이다.”
7 그들이 예수님께 “선생님, 언제 이런 일이 일어나겠습니까? 또 이런 일이 일어나려고 할 때 어떤 징조가 있겠습니까?” 하고 물었다.
8 그래서 예수님은 이렇게 대답하셨다. “너희는 아무에게도 속지 않도록 주의하라. 많은 사람이 내 이름으로 와서 ‘내가 그리스도이다’, ‘때가 가까웠다’ 하고 떠들어대도 그들을 따라가지 말아라.
9 또 난리와 전쟁 소문을 듣더라도 두려워하지 말아라. 이런 일이 먼저 일어나야 하지만 당장 종말이 오지는 않을 것이다.”
10 예수님은 다시 말씀하셨다. “민족과 민족이, 나라와 나라가 서로 맞서 싸울 것이며
11 곳곳에 큰 지진과 기근과 전염병이 발생할 것이다. 그리고 무서운 일과 하늘에 큰 징조들이 나타날 것이다.
12 그러나 이 모든 일이 일어나기 전에 사람들이 너희를 잡아 괴롭히고 회당과 감옥에 넘길 것이며 너희는 나 때문에 왕들과 총독들 앞에 끌려갈 것이나
13 오히려 이것이 그들에게 나를 증거하는 기회가 될 것이다.
14 그러므로 너희는 미리부터 변명할 말을 생각하지 않기로 결심하라.
15 내가 너희 대적들이 대항하거나 반박할 수 없는 말과 지혜를 너희에게 주겠다.
16 너희 부모와 형제와 친척과 친구들까지 너희를 [b]고발하여 너희 가운데 몇 사람을 죽게 할 것이며
17 또 너희가 나 때문에 모든 사람에게 미움을 받을 것이나
18 너희 머리카락 하나도 상하지 않을 것이다.
19 너희가 인내하면 [c]너희 자신을 구할 것이다.
20 “너희가 예루살렘이 군대에게 포위당하는 것을 보거든 예루살렘의 멸망이 가까운 줄 알아라.
21 그때 유대에 있는 사람들은 산으로 도망하여라. 성 안에 있는 사람들은 그 곳을 떠나고 시골에 있는 사람들은 성 안으로 들어가지 말아라.
22 이 때는 성경에 기록된 모든 것이 이루 어지는 형벌의 날이다.
23 그때 아이 밴 여자들과 젖먹이가 딸린 여자들은 불행할 것이다. 이것은 이 땅에 큰 고난이 있을 것이며 이 백성에게 하나님의 [d]형벌이 내릴 것이기 때문이다.
24 그들은 칼날에 죽음을 당하고 포로가 되어 여러 나라로 잡혀갈 것이며 예루살렘은 이방인의 시대가 끝날 때까지 이방인들에게 짓밟힐 것이다.
25 “그리고 해와 달과 별에 [e]이상한 일이 일어날 것이며 땅에서는 성난 바다와 파도 소리에 놀라 민족들이 불안에 떨 것이다.
26 사람들이 세상에 닥쳐올 일을 생각하고 무서워서 기절할 것이니 이것은 [f]천체가 뒤흔들릴 것이기 때문이다.
27 그때 사람들이 [g]내가 구름을 타고 능력과 큰 영광으로 오는 것을 볼 것이다.
28 이런 일이 일어나기 시작하거든 너희는 일어나 머리를 들어라. 너희 구원이 가까웠다.”
29 예수님은 그들에게 이런 비유를 들어 말씀하셨다. “무화과나무와 그 밖의 모든 나무를 보아라.
30 새 순이 돋으면 여름이 가까운 줄 알지 않느냐?
31 이와 같이 너희도 이런 일들이 일어나는 것을 보거든 하나님의 나라가 가까웠다는 것을 알아라.
32 내가 분명히 말해 둔다. 이 세대가 지나가기 전에 이 모든 일이 반드시 일어날 것이다.
33 하늘과 땅은 없어질지라도 내 말은 결코 없어지지 않을 것이다.
34 “너희는 조심하라. 그렇지 않으면 방탕하고 술 취하고 인생살이 걱정하다가 마음이 둔해져서 뜻밖에 그 날이 너희에게 덫과 같이 덮칠 것이다.
35 그 날은 지구상에 있는 모든 사람에게 이를 것이다.
36 그러므로 너희는 앞으로 일어날 이 모든 일들을 겪지 않고 내 앞에 설 수 있도록 언제나 정신 차리고 기도하여라.”
37 예수님은 매일 낮에는 성전에서 가르치시고 밤에는 감람원이라는 산에 가서 지내곤 하셨다.
38 그리고 사람들은 모두 이른 아침부터 예수님의 말씀을 들으려고 성전에 모여들었다.
Lukas 21
Orthodox Jewish Bible
Lukas 21
Orthodox Jewish Bible
21 And having looked up, Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach saw the ashirim (rich people) putting into the Beis Hamikdash Otzar (Treasury) their matanot (gifts).
2 And he saw a certain poor almanah (widow) putting in there two leptas.
3 And Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach said, Omein, I say to you that this poor almanah (widow) put in more tzedakah than everyone.
4 For all these put in matanot (gifts) out of their abundance, but this almanah (widow), out of her need, put in her michyah (subsistence).
5 And as some were speaking about the Beis Hamikdash, that with beautiful avanim (stones) and with matanot (gifts) it has been decorated, Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach said,
6 Yamim (Days) will come in which of these things which you see there will not be left an even (stone) upon an even (stone) which will not be thrown down.
7 And they questioned him, saying, Rebbe, ad mosai? (how much longer?) When will these things be, and what will be the ot when these things are about to take place?
8 And he said, Beware, you should not be deceived. For many will come Bishmi (in my Name [Moshiach]) saying, “I am he [I am the Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach]. And, the time [of the Geulah] has drawn near.” Do not follow after them.
9 But whenever you hear about wars and intifadas, do not be a pachdan (coward). For it is necessary for these things to occur barishonah, but it is not immediately HaKetz.
10 Then he was saying to them, Ethnic group will have an intifada against ethnic group, and malchut against malchut, [2Ch 15:6; Isa 19:2]
11 There will be great earthquakes and in various places, raav (famine) and makkot (plagues), both horrible portents and great moftim (signs) in Shomayim. [YESHAYAH 29:6; YOEL 2:30]
12 But before all these things, they will lay their hands on you and bring redifot (persecutions) on you, handing you over to the shuls and the batei hasohar (prisons), being led away before melachim (kings) and moshelim (governors) because of my Name (Yehoshua, Yeshua).
13 It will turn out for you to be an opportunity for being an eidus (witness) to the edut (testimony).
14 Therefore, keep in your levavot (hearts) not to prepare to defend yourselves.
15 For I will give to you a peh (mouth) and chochmah which none of your mitnaggedim will be able to resist or to contradict.
16 And you will be handed over also by horim and achim and krovey mishpachot (relatives) and chaverim (friends), and they will have some of you executed and you will die al kiddush ha-Shem,
17 And you will be the focus of sinas chinom (baseless hatred) from everyone because of my Name (Yehoshua, Yeshua).
18 And not even a hair of your rosh will by any means perish.
19 In your savlanut (patience) and endurance you will gain your nefashot (souls).
20 But when you see Yerushalayim being surrounded by machanot (encamping armies), then have daas that the sho’ah of it has drawn near.
21 Then the ones in Yehudah, flee to the mountains, and the ones inside HaIr (the City), let them get out, and the ones in the sadot (fields), let them not enter into HaIr (the City),
22 Because these are the Yemei Nekamah (Days of Vengeance), as a fulfillment of all the Kitvei Hakodesh. [Isa 63:4; Dan 9:24-27; Hos 9:7]
23 Oy to the ones with child and to the ones nursing in yamim hahem (those days). For there will be Tzarah Gedolah (Great Tribulation) upon Eretz Yisroel and kaas (anger) against this people,
24 And they will fall by the edge of the cherev (sword) and they will all be led captive into the Golus, and Yerushalayim will be trampled down by the Goyim, until the times of the Goyim are fulfilled. [YESHAYAH 5:5; 63:18; DANIEL 8:13]
25 And there will be otot (miraculous signs) in the shemesh (sun) and the levanah (moon) and the kochavim (stars), and upon the earth there will be dismay among the Goyim, in perplexity at the sound of the sea and the waves;
26 Bnei Adam will be fainting from pachad (terror) and from expectation of the things coming upon the Olam Hazeh, for the kochot (powers) of the heavens will be shaken.
27 And then you will see the Ben HaAdam (Moshiach, DANIEL 7:13-14) and his Bias HaMoshiach on an Anan (Cloud) with gevurah (miraculous power of Hashem) and kavod rav (great glory).
28 And when the Reshit (the Beginning) of these things occurs, stand erect and lift up your roshim (heads), because your Geulah (Redemption) draws near.
29 And Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach told a mashal (parable) to them. You see the etz te’enah (fig tree) and all the etz.
30 When they sprout leaves already, you see for yourselves and you have daas that Kayits (Summer) is already near.
31 So also you, when you see these things happening, you have daas that the Malchut Hashem is near.
32 Omein, I say to you, that HaDor HaZeh will not pass away until all these things may occur.
33 HaShomayim and HaAretz will pass away, but my Dvarim will by no means pass away.
34 And be shomer regarding yourselves lest your levavot (hearts) may be burdened with dissipation and drunkenness and the cares of the Olam HaZeh and Yom HaHu (That Day) may come upon you PITOM (suddenly, MALACHI 3:1).
35 For as a mokesh (trap) it will come upon all the ones dwelling on the pnei kol haAretz (the face of all the Earth).
36 But be shomer (on guard, alert), always davening that you may be able to escape all these things that are about to happen and that you may be able to stand before the Ben HaAdam (Moshiach DANIEL 7:13-14).
37 Now in those days Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach was saying shiurim in the Beis Hamikdash, and balailah (at night) he was going out into the Har HaZeytim.
38 And all the people were getting up early in the boker to come to Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach in the Beis Hamikdash to hear him.
Luke 21
New International Version
Luke 21
New International Version
The Widow’s Offering(A)
21 As Jesus looked up, he saw the rich putting their gifts into the temple treasury.(B) 2 He also saw a poor widow put in two very small copper coins. 3 “Truly I tell you,” he said, “this poor widow has put in more than all the others. 4 All these people gave their gifts out of their wealth; but she out of her poverty put in all she had to live on.”(C)
The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End Times(D)(E)
5 Some of his disciples were remarking about how the temple was adorned with beautiful stones and with gifts dedicated to God. But Jesus said, 6 “As for what you see here, the time will come when not one stone will be left on another;(F) every one of them will be thrown down.”
7 “Teacher,” they asked, “when will these things happen? And what will be the sign that they are about to take place?”
8 He replied: “Watch out that you are not deceived. For many will come in my name, claiming, ‘I am he,’ and, ‘The time is near.’ Do not follow them.(G) 9 When you hear of wars and uprisings, do not be frightened. These things must happen first, but the end will not come right away.”
10 Then he said to them: “Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom.(H) 11 There will be great earthquakes, famines and pestilences in various places, and fearful events and great signs from heaven.(I)
12 “But before all this, they will seize you and persecute you. They will hand you over to synagogues and put you in prison, and you will be brought before kings and governors, and all on account of my name. 13 And so you will bear testimony to me.(J) 14 But make up your mind not to worry beforehand how you will defend yourselves.(K) 15 For I will give you(L) words and wisdom that none of your adversaries will be able to resist or contradict. 16 You will be betrayed even by parents, brothers and sisters, relatives and friends,(M) and they will put some of you to death. 17 Everyone will hate you because of me.(N) 18 But not a hair of your head will perish.(O) 19 Stand firm, and you will win life.(P)
20 “When you see Jerusalem being surrounded by armies,(Q) you will know that its desolation is near. 21 Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, let those in the city get out, and let those in the country not enter the city.(R) 22 For this is the time of punishment(S) in fulfillment(T) of all that has been written. 23 How dreadful it will be in those days for pregnant women and nursing mothers! There will be great distress in the land and wrath against this people. 24 They will fall by the sword and will be taken as prisoners to all the nations. Jerusalem will be trampled(U) on by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.
25 “There will be signs in the sun, moon and stars. On the earth, nations will be in anguish and perplexity at the roaring and tossing of the sea.(V) 26 People will faint from terror, apprehensive of what is coming on the world, for the heavenly bodies will be shaken.(W) 27 At that time they will see the Son of Man(X) coming in a cloud(Y) with power and great glory. 28 When these things begin to take place, stand up and lift up your heads, because your redemption is drawing near.”(Z)
29 He told them this parable: “Look at the fig tree and all the trees. 30 When they sprout leaves, you can see for yourselves and know that summer is near. 31 Even so, when you see these things happening, you know that the kingdom of God(AA) is near.
32 “Truly I tell you, this generation(AB) will certainly not pass away until all these things have happened. 33 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away.(AC)
34 “Be careful, or your hearts will be weighed down with carousing, drunkenness and the anxieties of life,(AD) and that day will close on you suddenly(AE) like a trap. 35 For it will come on all those who live on the face of the whole earth. 36 Be always on the watch, and pray(AF) that you may be able to escape all that is about to happen, and that you may be able to stand before the Son of Man.”
37 Each day Jesus was teaching at the temple,(AG) and each evening he went out(AH) to spend the night on the hill called the Mount of Olives,(AI) 38 and all the people came early in the morning to hear him at the temple.(AJ)
Luke 21
New English Translation
Luke 21
New English Translation
The Widow’s Offering
21 Jesus[a] looked up[b] and saw the rich putting their gifts into the offering box.[c] 2 He also saw a poor widow put in two small copper coins.[d] 3 He[e] said, “I tell you the truth,[f] this poor widow has put in more than all of them.[g] 4 For they all offered their gifts out of their wealth.[h] But she, out of her poverty, put in everything she had to live on.”[i]
The Signs of the End of the Age
5 Now[j] while some were speaking about the temple, how it was adorned[k] with beautiful stones and offerings,[l] Jesus[m] said, 6 “As for these things that you are gazing at, the days will come when not one stone will be left on another.[n] All will be torn down!”[o] 7 So[p] they asked him,[q] “Teacher, when will these things[r] happen? And what will be the sign that[s] these things are about to take place?” 8 He[t] said, “Watch out[u] that you are not misled. For many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he,’[v] and, ‘The time is near.’ Do not follow them! 9 And when you hear of wars and rebellions,[w] do not be afraid.[x] For these things must happen first, but the end will not come at once.”[y]
Persecution of Disciples
10 Then he said to them, “Nation will rise up in arms[z] against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. 11 There will be great earthquakes, and famines[aa] and plagues in various places, and there will be terrifying sights[ab] and great signs[ac] from heaven. 12 But before all this,[ad] they will seize[ae] you and persecute you, handing you over to the synagogues[af] and prisons. You[ag] will be brought before kings and governors because of my name. 13 This will be a time for you to serve as witnesses.[ah] 14 Therefore be resolved[ai] not to rehearse[aj] ahead of time how to make your defense. 15 For I will give you the words[ak] along with the wisdom[al] that none of your adversaries will be able to withstand or contradict. 16 You will be betrayed even by parents,[am] brothers, relatives,[an] and friends, and they will have some of you put to death. 17 You will be hated by everyone because of my name.[ao] 18 Yet[ap] not a hair of your head will perish.[aq] 19 By your endurance[ar] you will gain[as] your lives.[at]
The Desolation of Jerusalem
20 “But when you see Jerusalem surrounded[au] by armies, then know that its[av] desolation[aw] has come near. 21 Then those who are in Judea must flee[ax] to the mountains. Those[ay] who are inside the city must depart. Those[az] who are out in the country must not enter it, 22 because these are days of vengeance,[ba] to fulfill[bb] all that is written. 23 Woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing their babies in those days! For there will be great distress[bc] on the earth and wrath against this people. 24 They[bd] will fall by the edge[be] of the sword and be led away as captives[bf] among all nations. Jerusalem[bg] will be trampled down by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.[bh]
The Arrival of the Son of Man
25 “And there will be signs in the sun and moon and stars,[bi] and on the earth nations will be in distress,[bj] anxious[bk] over the roaring of the sea and the surging waves. 26 People will be fainting from fear[bl] and from the expectation of what is coming on the world, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken.[bm] 27 Then[bn] they will see the Son of Man arriving in a cloud[bo] with power and great glory. 28 But when these things[bp] begin to happen, stand up and raise your heads, because your redemption[bq] is drawing near.”
The Parable of the Fig Tree
29 Then[br] he told them a parable: “Look at the fig tree and all the other trees.[bs] 30 When they sprout leaves, you see[bt] for yourselves and know that summer is now near. 31 So also you, when you see these things happening, know[bu] that the kingdom of God[bv] is near. 32 I tell you the truth,[bw] this generation[bx] will not pass away until all these things take place. 33 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away.[by]
Be Ready!
34 “But be on your guard[bz] so that your hearts are not weighed down with dissipation and drunkenness and the worries of this life, and that day close down upon you suddenly like a trap.[ca] 35 For[cb] it will overtake[cc] all who live on the face of the whole earth.[cd] 36 But stay alert at all times,[ce] praying that you may have strength to escape all these things that must[cf] happen, and to stand before the Son of Man.”
37 So[cg] every day Jesus[ch] was teaching in the temple courts,[ci] but at night he went and stayed[cj] on the Mount of Olives.[ck] 38 And all the people[cl] came to him early in the morning to listen to him in the temple courts.[cm]
Footnotes
- Luke 21:1 tn Grk “He”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
- Luke 21:1 tn Grk “looking up, he saw.” The participle ἀναβλέψας (anablepsas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
- Luke 21:1 tn On the term γαζοφυλάκιον (gazophulakion), often translated “treasury,” see BDAG 186 s.v., which states, “For Mk 12:41, 43; Lk 21:1 the mng. contribution box or receptacle is attractive. Acc. to Mishnah, Shekalim 6, 5 there were in the temple 13 such receptacles in the form of trumpets. But even in these passages the general sense of ‘treasury’ is prob., for the contributions would go [into] the treasury via the receptacles.” Based upon the extra-biblical evidence (see sn following), however, the translation opts to refer to the actual receptacles and not the treasury itself.sn The offering box probably refers to the receptacles in the temple forecourt by the Court of Women used to collect freewill offerings. These are mentioned by Josephus, J. W. 5.5.2 (5.200), 6.5.2 (6.282); Ant. 19.6.1 (19.294); and in 1 Macc 14:49 and 2 Macc 3:6, 24, 28, 40 (see also Mark 12:41; John 8:20).
- Luke 21:2 sn These two small copper coins were lepta (sing. “lepton”), the smallest and least valuable coins in circulation in Palestine, worth one-half of a quadrans or 1/128 of a denarius, or about six minutes of an average daily wage. This was next to nothing in value.
- Luke 21:3 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
- Luke 21:3 tn Grk “Truly, I say to you.”
- Luke 21:3 sn Has put in more than all of them. With God, giving is weighed evaluatively, not counted. The widow was praised because she gave sincerely and at some considerable cost to herself.
- Luke 21:4 tn Grk “out of what abounded to them.”
- Luke 21:4 tn Or “put in her entire livelihood.”
- Luke 21:5 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
- Luke 21:5 sn The Jerusalem temple was widely admired around the world. See Josephus, Ant. 15.11 (15.380-425); J. W. 5.5 (5.184-227) and Tacitus, History 5.8, who called it “immensely opulent.” Josephus compared it to a beautiful snowcapped mountain.
- Luke 21:5 tn For the translation of ἀνάθημα (anathēma) as “offering” see L&N 53.18.
- Luke 21:5 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Luke 21:6 sn With the statement days will come when not one stone will be left on another Jesus predicted the total destruction of the temple, something that did occur in a.d. 70.
- Luke 21:6 tn Grk “the days will come when not one stone will be left on another that will not be thrown down.”
- Luke 21:7 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ comments about the temple’s future destruction.
- Luke 21:7 tn Grk “asked him, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in English and has not been translated.
- Luke 21:7 sn Both references to these things are plural, so more than the temple’s destruction is in view. The question may presuppose that such a catastrophe signals the end.
- Luke 21:7 tn Grk “when.”
- Luke 21:8 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
- Luke 21:8 tn Or “Be on guard.”
- Luke 21:8 tn That is, “I am the Messiah.”
- Luke 21:9 tn Social and political chaos also precedes the end. This term refers to revolutions (L&N 39.34).
- Luke 21:9 tn This is not the usual term for fear, but refers to a deep sense of terror and emotional distress (Luke 24:37; BDAG 895 s.v. πτοέω).
- Luke 21:9 sn The end will not come at once. This remark about timing not only indicates that there will be events before the end, but that some time will also pass before it comes.
- Luke 21:10 tn For the translation “rise up in arms” see L&N 55.2.
- Luke 21:11 sn See Isa 5:13-14; 13:6-16; Hag 2:6-7; Zech 14:4.
- Luke 21:11 tn This term, φόβητρον (phobētron), occurs only here in the NT. It could refer to an object, event, or condition that causes fear, but in the context it is linked with great signs from heaven, so the translation “sights” was preferred.
- Luke 21:11 sn See Jer 4:13-22; 14:12; 21:6-7.
- Luke 21:12 sn But before all this. Another note of timing is present, this one especially important in understanding the sequence in the discourse. Before the things noted in vv. 8-11 are the events of vv. 12-19.
- Luke 21:12 tn Grk “will lay their hands on you.”
- Luke 21:12 sn Some of the persecution is of Jewish origin (the synagogues). Some fulfillment of this can be seen in Acts. See the note on synagogues in 4:15.
- Luke 21:12 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
- Luke 21:13 tn Grk “This will turn out to you for [a] testimony.”
- Luke 21:14 tn Grk “determine in your hearts.”
- Luke 21:14 tn This term could refer to rehearsing a speech or a dance. On its syntax, see BDF §392.2.
- Luke 21:15 tn Grk “a mouth.” It is a metonymy and refers to the reply the Lord will give to them.
- Luke 21:15 tn Grk “and wisdom.”
- Luke 21:16 sn To confess Christ might well mean rejection by one’s own family, even by parents.
- Luke 21:16 tn Grk “and brothers and relatives,” but καί (kai) has not been translated twice here since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
- Luke 21:17 sn See Luke 6:22, 27; 1 Cor 1:25-31.
- Luke 21:18 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
- Luke 21:18 sn Given v. 16, the expression not a hair of your head will perish must be taken figuratively and refer to living ultimately in the presence of God.
- Luke 21:19 sn By your endurance is a call to remain faithful, because trusting in Jesus is the means to life.
- Luke 21:19 tc Some significant Greek witnesses plus the majority of mss (א D L W Ψ ƒ1 M) read the aorist imperative κτήσασθε (ktēsasthe) here, though some mss (A B Θ ƒ13 33 lat sa) read the future indicative κτήσεσθε (ktēsesthe). A decision is difficult because the evidence is so evenly balanced, but the aorist imperative is the harder reading and better explains the rise of the other. J. A. Fitzmyer assesses the translation options this way: “In English one has to use something similar [i.e., a future indicative], even if one follows the [aorist imperative]” (Luke [AB], 2:1341); in the same vein, although this translation follows the aorist imperative, because of English requirements it has been translated as though it were a future indicative.
- Luke 21:19 tn Grk “your souls,” but ψυχή (psuchē) is frequently used of one’s physical life. In light of v. 16 that does not seem to be the case here. The entire phrase could be taken as an idiom meaning “you will save yourselves” (L&N 21.20), or (as in v. 18) this could refer to living ultimately in the presence of God.
- Luke 21:20 sn See Luke 19:41-44. This passage refers to the events associated with the fall of Jerusalem, when the city is surrounded by armies.
- Luke 21:20 tn Grk “her,” referring to the city of Jerusalem (the name “Jerusalem” in Greek is a feminine noun).
- Luke 21:20 sn The phrase its desolation is a reference to the fall of the city, which is the only antecedent present in Luke’s account. The parallels to this in Matt 24:15 and Mark 13:14 refer to the temple’s desolation, though Matthew’s allusion is clearer. They focus on the parallel events of the end, not on the short term realization in a.d. 70. The entire passage has a prophetic “two events in one” typology, where the near term destruction (a.d. 70) is like the end. So the evangelists could choose to focus on the near time realization (Luke) or on its long term fulfillment, which mirrors it (Matthew, Mark).
- Luke 21:21 sn Fleeing to the mountains is a key OT image: Gen 19:17; Judg 6:2; Isa 15:5; Jer 16:16; Zech 14:5.
- Luke 21:21 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
- Luke 21:21 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
- Luke 21:22 tn Or “of punishment.” This is a time of judgment.
- Luke 21:22 tn The passive construction with the infinitive πλησθῆναι (plēsthēnai) has been translated as an active construction for simplicity, in keeping with contemporary English style.
- Luke 21:23 sn Great distress means that this is a period of great judgment.
- Luke 21:24 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
- Luke 21:24 tn Grk “by the mouth of the sword” (an idiom for the edge of a sword).
- Luke 21:24 sn Here is the predicted judgment against the nation until the time of Gentile rule has passed: Its people will be led away as captives.
- Luke 21:24 tn Grk “And Jerusalem.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
- Luke 21:24 sn Until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled implies a time when Israel again has a central role in God’s plan.
- Luke 21:25 sn Signs in the sun and moon and stars are cosmic signs that turn our attention to the end and the Son of Man’s return for the righteous. OT imagery is present: See Isa 13:9-10; 24:18-20; 34:4; Ezek 32:7-8; Joel 2:1, 30-31; 3:15.
- Luke 21:25 tn Grk “distress of nations.”
- Luke 21:25 tn Or “in consternation” (L&N 32.9).
- Luke 21:26 tn According to L&N 23.184 this could be mainly a psychological experience rather than actual loss of consciousness. It could also refer to complete discouragement because of fear, leading people to give up hope (L&N 25.293).
- Luke 21:26 sn An allusion to Isa 34:4. The heavens were seen as the abode of heavenly forces, so their shaking indicates distress in the spiritual realm. Although some take the powers as a reference to bodies in the heavens (like stars and planets, “the heavenly bodies,” NIV) this is not as likely.
- Luke 21:27 tn Grk “And then” (καὶ τότε, kai tote). Here καί has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
- Luke 21:27 sn An allusion to Dan 7:13. Here is Jesus returning with full judging authority.
- Luke 21:28 sn These things are all the events of vv. 8-27. Disciples represent the righteous here. The events surrounding the fall of the nation are a down payment on a fuller judgment to come on all humanity. The presence of one guarantees the other.
- Luke 21:28 sn With Jesus’ return comes the manifestation of judgment and final salvation (redemption).
- Luke 21:29 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
- Luke 21:29 tn Grk “all the trees.”
- Luke 21:30 tn Grk “seeing for yourselves, you know.” The participle βλέποντες (blepontes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
- Luke 21:31 tn The verb γινώσκετε (ginōskete, “know”) can be parsed as either present indicative or present imperative. In this context the imperative fits better, since the movement is from analogy (trees and seasons) to the future (the signs of the coming of the kingdom) and since the emphasis is on preparation for this event.
- Luke 21:31 sn The kingdom of God refers here to the kingdom in all its power. See Luke 17:20-37.
- Luke 21:32 tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amēn), I say to you.”
- Luke 21:32 sn This is one of the hardest verses in the gospels to interpret. Various views exist for what generation means. (1) Some take it as meaning “race” and thus as an assurance that the Jewish race (nation) will not pass away. But it is very questionable that the Greek term γενεά (genea) can have this meaning. Two other options are possible. (2) Generation might mean “this type of generation” and refer to the generation of wicked humanity. Then the point is that humanity will not perish, because God will redeem it. Or (3) generation may refer to “the generation that sees the signs of the end” (vv. 25-26), who will also see the end itself. In other words, once the movement to the return of Christ starts, all the events connected with it happen very quickly, in rapid succession.
- Luke 21:33 sn The words that Jesus predicts here will never pass away. They are more stable and lasting than creation itself. For this kind of image, see Isa 40:8; 55:10-11.
- Luke 21:34 tn Grk “watch out for yourselves.”sn Disciples are to watch out. If they are too absorbed into everyday life, they will stop watching and living faithfully.
- Luke 21:34 sn Or like a thief, see Luke 12:39-40. The metaphor of a trap is a vivid one. Most modern English translations traditionally place the words “like a trap” at the end of v. 34, completing the metaphor. In the Greek text (and in the NRSV and REB) the words “like a trap” are placed at the beginning of v. 35. This does not affect the meaning.
- Luke 21:35 tn There is debate in the textual tradition about the position of γάρ (gar) and whether v. 35 looks back to v. 34 or is independent. The textual evidence does slightly favor placing γάρ after the verb and thus linking it back to v. 34. The other reading looks like Isa 24:17. However, the construction is harsh and the translation prefers for stylistic reasons to start a new English sentence here.
- Luke 21:35 tn Or “come upon.”
- Luke 21:35 sn This judgment involves everyone: all who live on the face of the whole earth. No one will escape this evaluation.
- Luke 21:36 sn The call to be alert at all times is a call to remain faithful in looking for the Lord’s return.
- Luke 21:36 tn For the translation of μέλλω (mellō) as “must,” see L&N 71.36.
- Luke 21:37 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” since vv. 37-38 serve as something of a summary or transition from the discourse preceding to the passion narrative that follows.
- Luke 21:37 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Luke 21:37 tn Grk “in the temple.”
- Luke 21:37 tn Grk “and spent the night,” but this is redundant because of the previous use of the word “night.”
- Luke 21:37 tn Grk “at the mountain called ‘of Olives.’” sn See the note on the phrase Mount of Olives in 19:29.
- Luke 21:38 sn Jesus’ teaching was still quite popular with all the people at this point despite the leaders’ opposition.
- Luke 21:38 tc Some mss (those of ƒ13) place John 7:53-8:11 here after v. 38, no doubt because it was felt that this was a better setting for the pericope.tn Grk “in the temple.”
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