传统与诫命

有法利赛人和一些律法教师从耶路撒冷来见耶稣。 他们看到祂的门徒有些吃饭前没有照礼仪洗手。 因为法利赛人和所有的犹太人都拘守祖先的传统,总是先照礼仪洗手之后才吃饭; 从市场回来也要先洁净自己,然后才吃饭。他们还拘守许多其他规矩,如洗杯、罐、铜器等。

他们质问耶稣:“为什么你的门徒违背祖先的传统,竟用不洁净的手吃饭呢?”

耶稣回答说:“以赛亚先知针对你们这些伪君子所说的预言一点不错,正如圣经上说,

“‘这些人嘴上尊崇我,
心却远离我。
他们的教导无非是人的规条,
他们敬拜我也是枉然。’

你们只知拘守人的传统,却无视上帝的诫命。” 耶稣又对他们说:“你们为了拘守自己的传统,竟巧妙地废除了上帝的诫命。 10 摩西说,‘要孝敬父母’,又说,‘咒骂父母的,必被处死。’ 11 你们却认为人若对父母说,‘我把供养你们的钱财已经全部奉献给上帝了’, 12 他就可以不奉养父母。 13 你们就是这样为了拘守传统而废除上帝的道,类似的情形还有很多。”

内心的污秽

14 耶稣又召集众人,教导他们说:“我的话,你们要听明白, 15 从外面进去的不会使人污秽,只有从人里面发出来的才会使人污秽。 16 有耳可听的,都应当听!”

17 耶稣离开众人,进了屋子,门徒问祂这比喻的意思。 18 耶稣说:“你们也不明白吗?你们不知道吗?从外面进去的,不会使人污秽, 19 因为不能进入他的心,只能进他的肠胃,最后会排出来,也就是说所有的食物都是洁净的。 20 从人里面发出来的才使人污秽, 21 因为从里面,就是从人的心里能够生出恶念、苟合、偷盗、谋杀、 22 通奸、贪婪、邪恶、诡诈、放荡、嫉妒、毁谤、骄傲、狂妄。 23 这一切恶事都是从里面生出来的,能使人污秽。”

外族妇人的信心

24 耶稣从那里启程去泰尔和西顿地区。祂进了一户人家,原本不想让人知道,却无法避开人们的注意。 25-26 当时有一个妇人的小女儿被污鬼附身,她听见耶稣的事,就来俯伏在祂脚前,恳求祂赶出她女儿身上的鬼。这妇人是希腊人,来自叙利亚的腓尼基。

27 耶稣对她说:“要先让儿女们吃饱,因为把儿女的食物丢给狗吃不合适。”

28 妇人说:“主啊,你说的对,但桌子下的狗也吃孩子们掉下来的碎渣呀!”

29 耶稣说:“因为你这句话,你回去吧,鬼已经离开你的女儿了。”

30 她回到家里,见女儿躺在床上,鬼已经离开了。

医治聋哑的人

31 耶稣离开泰尔地区,经过西顿,来到低加坡里地区的加利利湖。 32 有人带着一个又聋又哑的人来见耶稣,恳求祂把手按在这个人身上。 33 耶稣就带他离开众人走到一边,用指头伸进他的耳朵,又吐唾沫抹他的舌头, 34 望天长叹,对他说:“以法大!”意思是“开了吧!” 35 他的耳朵立刻开了,舌头灵活了,说话也清楚了。 36 耶稣吩咐他们不要将这事告诉人。可是耶稣越是这样吩咐,他们越是极力宣扬, 37 听见的人都十分惊奇,说:“祂做的事好极了,甚至叫聋子听见,哑巴说话!”

The P’rushim and some of the Torah-teachers who had come from Yerushalayim gathered together with Yeshua and saw that some of his talmidim ate with ritually unclean hands, that is, without doing n’tilat-yadayim. (For the P’rushim, and indeed all the Judeans, holding fast to the Tradition of the Elders, do not eat unless they have given their hands a ceremonial washing. Also, when they come from the marketplace they do not eat unless they have rinsed their hands up to the wrist; and they adhere to many other traditions, such as washing cups, pots and bronze vessels.)

The P’rushim and the Torah-teachers asked him, “Why don’t your talmidim live in accordance with the Tradition of the Elders, but instead eat with ritually unclean hands?” Yeshua answered them, “Yesha‘yahu was right when he prophesied about you hypocrites — as it is written,

‘These people honor me with their lips,
but their hearts are far away from me.
Their worship of me is useless,
because they teach man-made rules as if they were doctrines.’[a]

“You depart from God’s command and hold onto human tradition. Indeed,” he said to them, “you have made a fine art of departing from God’s command in order to keep your tradition! 10 For Moshe said, ‘Honor your father and your mother,[b] and ‘Anyone who curses his father or mother must be put to death.[c] 11 But you say, ‘If someone says to his father or mother, “I have promised as a korban” ’ ” (that is, as a gift to God) “ ‘ “what I might have used to help you,” ’ 12 then you no longer let him do anything for his father or mother. 13 Thus, with your tradition which you had handed down to you, you nullify the Word of God! And you do other things like this.”

14 Then Yeshua called the people to him again and said, “Listen to me, all of you, and understand this! 15 There is nothing outside a person which, by going into him, can make him unclean. Rather, it is the things that come out of a person which make a person unclean!” 16 [d]

17 When he had left the people and entered the house, his talmidim asked him about the parable. 18 He replied to them, “So you too are without understanding? Don’t you see that nothing going into a person from outside can make him unclean? 19 For it doesn’t go into his heart but into his stomach, and it passes out into the latrine.” (Thus he declared all foods ritually clean.) 20 “It is what comes out of a person,” he went on, “that makes him unclean. 21 For from within, out of a person’s heart, come forth wicked thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, 22 greed, malice, deceit, indecency, envy, slander, arrogance, foolishness…. 23 All these wicked things come from within, and they make a person unclean.”

24 Next, Yeshua left that district and went off to the vicinity of Tzor and Tzidon. There he found a house to stay in and wanted to remain unrecognized, but keeping hidden proved impossible. 25 Instead, a woman whose little daughter had an unclean spirit in her came to him and fell down at his feet. 26 The woman was a Greek, by birth a Syro-phoenician, and she begged him to drive the demon out of her daughter. 27 He said, “Let the children be fed first, for it is not right to take the children’s food and toss it to their pet dogs.” 28 She answered him, “That is true, sir; but even the dogs under the table eat the children’s leftovers.” 29 Then he said to her, “For such an answer you may go on home; the demon has left your daughter.” 30 She went back home and found the child lying on the couch, the demon gone.

31 Then he left the district of Tzor and went through Tzidon to Lake Kinneret and on to the region of the Ten Towns. 32 They brought him a man who was deaf and had a speech impediment and asked Yeshua to lay his hand on him. 33 Taking him off alone, away from the crowd, Yeshua put his fingers into the man’s ears, spat, and touched his tongue; 34 then, looking up to heaven, he gave a deep groan and said to him, “Hippatach!” (that is, “Be opened!”). 35 His ears were opened, his tongue was freed, and he began speaking clearly. 36 Yeshua ordered the people to tell no one; but the more he insisted, the more zealously they spread the news. 37 People were overcome with amazement. “Everything he does, he does well!” they said. “He even makes the deaf hear and the dumb speak!”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 7:7 Isaiah 29:13
  2. Mark 7:10 Exodus 20:12; Deuteronomy 5:16
  3. Mark 7:10 Exodus 21:17; Leviticus 20:9
  4. Mark 7:16 Some manuscripts include verse 7:16: “Anyone who has ears that can hear, let him hear!”