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Caro Teòfilo,

sono già state scritte diverse biografie di Cristo, usando come fonte di materiale le informazioni che circolavano tra di noi da parte dei primi discepoli e degli altri testimoni oculari. Tuttavia mi è parso bene ricontrollare tutti questi resoconti, dal primo allʼultimo, risalendo alle origini e, dopo una scrupolosa ricerca, passartene il riassunto, perché tu sia ancor più sicuro della verità di tutto ciò che ti hanno insegnato.

Un angelo appare a Zaccaria

Il mio racconto incomincia con un sacerdote giudeo, Zaccaria, che visse ai tempi in cui Erode era re di Giudea. Zaccaria faceva parte del gruppo di Abia, che prestava servizio al tempio. (Sua moglie, Elisabetta, era, come Zaccaria, della tribù sacerdotale discendente di Aronne). Zaccaria ed Elisabetta erano persone timorate di Dio, attente ad obbedire a tutte le leggi del Signore, sia in pratica che in teoria. Ma non avevano figli, perché Elisabetta era sterile; inoltre erano ormai tutti e due troppo vecchi.

8-9 Un giorno, mentre Zaccaria stava facendo il suo lavoro nel tempio, perché il suo gruppo era di turno quella settimana, gli toccò in sorte lʼonore di entrare nel santuario per bruciare lʼincenso davanti al Signore. 10 Nel frattempo, una grande folla restava fuori nel cortile del tempio, a pregare, comʼera usanza a quel dato momento della cerimonia.

11-12 Zaccaria era nel santuario, quando improvvisamente apparve un angelo in piedi alla destra dellʼaltare dellʼincenso. Zaccaria ne fu turbato e si spaventò, 13 ma lʼangelo gli disse: «Non temere, Zaccaria! Sono venuto a dirti che Dio ha ascoltato la tua preghiera: tua moglie Elisabetta ti darà un figlio! E tu lo chiamerai Giovanni. 14 La sua nascita vi darà grande gioia e felicità, e molti si rallegreranno con voi, 15 perché egli sarà grande agli occhi di Dio. Tuo figlio non berrà mai vino, né altre bevande alcoliche. Sarà pieno di Spirito Santo già prima della nascita 16 e convincerà molti Giudei a rivolgersi al Signore, loro Dio.

17 Sarà un uomo dallo spirito rude e potente, come Elia, lʼantico profeta, e verrà prima del Messia per preparare gli uomini al suo arrivo. Ricondurrà i cuori dei padri verso i loro figli e i disobbedienti alla saggezza dei giusti».

18 Zaccaria disse allʼangelo: «Come posso essere certo di quello che mi dici? Io sono un vecchio ormai, ed anche mia moglie è già avanti negli anni!»

19 Allora lʼangelo disse: «Io sono Gabriele e sto alla presenza di Dio! È stato lui che mi ha mandato da te con queste buone notizie. 20 Visto però che non mi hai creduto, diventerai completamente muto, non potrai parlare finché il bambino non sarà nato. Perché le mie parole certamente si avvereranno al momento giusto».

21 Intanto la folla fuori del santuario stava aspettando che tornasse Zaccaria, e si domandava come mai impiegasse tanto tempo. 22 Quando finalmente egli uscì, non riuscendo più a parlare, si accorsero dai suoi gesti che doveva avere avuto una visione.

23 Zaccaria rimase nel tempio i giorni necessari per completare il suo servizio, poi tornò a casa. 24 Poco dopo Elisabetta, sua moglie, rimase incinta e se ne restò appartata per cinque mesi.

25 «Comʼè stato grande il Signore a togliermi il disonore di non avere figli!» esultava Elisabetta.

Il bambino promesso

26 Quando Elisabetta fu al sesto mese, Dio mandò lʼangelo Gabriele a Nazaret, un villaggio della Galilea, 27 ad una vergine, Maria, fidanzata ad un certo Giuseppe, discendente del re Davide.

28 Gabriele le apparve e disse: «Ti saluto, Maria! Il Signore è con te. Egli ti ha colmato di grazia».

29 Confusa e turbata, Maria cercava di capire che cosa volesse intendere lʼangelo.

30 «Non aver paura, Maria!» le disse lʼangelo, «perché Dio ha deciso di benedirti in modo meraviglioso! 31 Fra poco sarai incinta e avrai un figlio maschio, che chiamerai Gesù. 32 Egli sarà grande e sarà chiamato Figlio dellʼAltissimo. Il Signore Dio gli darà il trono del suo antenato Davide. 33 Ed egli regnerà su Israele per sempre; il suo regno non finirà mai!»

34 Maria chiese allʼangelo: «Ma come posso avere un bambino? Sono vergine».

35 Lʼangelo rispose: «Lo Spirito Santo scenderà su di te e la forza di Dio ti coprirà con la sua ombra, perciò il tuo bimbo sarà assolutamente santo, il Figlio di Dio. 36 Non è tutto. Sei mesi fa, tua cugina Elisabetta, che chiamavano “la sterile”, è rimasta incinta nonostante lʼetà. 37 Vedi, ogni promessa di Dio si avvera sicuramente!»

38 Maria disse: «Io sono lʼancella del Signore, avvenga di me secondo quello che hai detto». Allora lʼangelo se ne andò.

39-40 Alcuni giorni più tardi, Maria partì in gran fretta verso gli altipiani della Giudea in direzione del villaggio dove viveva Zaccaria, per far visita ad Elisabetta.

41 Non appena Elisabetta udì il saluto di Maria, il suo bimbo fece un balzo dentro il suo ventre ed ella fu piena di Spirito Santo.

42 Gridando di gioia, disse a Maria: «Tu sei la preferita dal Signore fra tutte le donne, e il tuo bambino è destinato alla massima gloria di Dio! 43 Quale onore per me: la madre del mio Signore a farmi visita!

44 Quando sei entrata e mi hai salutato, appena ho udito la tua voce, il mio bambino è balzato dentro di me per la gioia! 45 Tu hai creduto che Dio avrebbe fatto ciò che ha promesso, ecco la ragione per cui ha dato a te questa meravigliosa benedizione!»

46 Maria rispose: «Sia lode al Signore. 47 Come gioisco in Dio, mio Salvatore! 48 Egli si è accorto di me, dellʼultima sua serva, e dʼora in poi tutti mi chiameranno beata.

49 Perché Dio, il Potente, il Santo, ha fatto grandi cose per me. 50 Egli è misericordioso per sempre verso tutti coloro che lo temono.

51 Quanto è forte il suo potente braccio! Come ha disperso gli orgogliosi e i superbi! 52 Egli ha rovesciato i potenti dai loro troni ed ha elevato gli umili. 53 Ha dato a piene mani agli affamati ed ha allontanato i ricchi a mani vuote. 54 E come ha aiutato il suo servo Israele! Perché non ha dimenticato la promessa, 55 che aveva fatto ai nostri antenati. La promessa di essere misericordioso verso Abramo e i suoi discendenti!»

56 Maria rimase con Elisabetta circa tre mesi, poi tornò a casa sua.

Nascita di Giovanni Battista

57 In quel periodo finiva lʼattesa di Elisabetta, perché era giunto il tempo che il bambino nascesse; ed ella partorì un maschio. 58 Fra i vicini e i parenti si sparse la notizia di quanto generoso fosse stato il Signore verso di lei, e tutti ne furono felici.

59 Quando il bambino ebbe otto giorni, i parenti e gli amici vennero per la cerimonia della circoncisione. Tutti pensavano che il nome del bambino sarebbe stato Zaccaria, come suo padre. 60 Ma Elisabetta disse: «No! Deve essere chiamato Giovanni!»

61 «Come?» si meravigliarono. «Non cʼè nessuno in tutta la vostra famiglia con quel nome!» 62 A cenni, domandarono al padre del bambino come voleva che fosse chiamato.

63 Zaccaria allora chiese qualcosa per scrivere e, con grande sorpresa di tutti, scrisse: «Il suo nome è Giovanni». 64 Immediatamente Zaccaria riacquistò la parola e cominciò a lodare Dio.

65 Tutti i vicini furono presi da timore e la notizia di ciò che era accaduto si sparse per le colline della Giudea. 66 E quelli che venivano a sapere della cosa ci pensavano e ripensavano, chiedendosi: «Chi mai diventerà da grande questo bambino? Perché la mano del Signore è sicuramente sopra di lui!»

67 Allora suo padre Zaccaria, guidato dallo Spirito Santo, fece questa profezia: 68 «Lodato sia il Signore, Dio dʼIsraele, perché è venuto a visitare la sua gente e lʼha riscattata. 69 Egli sta per mandarci un potente Salvatore dalla famiglia reale del suo servo Davide, 70 proprio come promise tanto tempo fa per mezzo dei suoi santi profeti. 71 Qualcuno che ci salverà dai nostri nemici e da tutti quelli che ci odiano.

72-73 Il Signore è stato misericordioso verso i nostri antenati, verso lo stesso Abramo, ricordandosi del giuramento che gli fece, 74 e dandoci la gioia di servirlo senza paura, liberi dai nostri nemici, 75 resi santi e giusti; degni di stare alla sua presenza per sempre. 76 E tu, piccolo figlio mio, sarai chiamato il profeta del Dio glorioso, perché preparerai la via per il Messia. 77 Tu insegnerai al suo popolo come trovare la salvezza mediante il perdono dei suoi peccati. 78 Tutto questo accadrà, perché la misericordia del nostro Dio è piena dʼamore. Egli farà levare su di noi la salvezza, come lʼaurora che risplende dallʼalto, 79 per illuminare quelli che vivono nel buio profondo della morte; e ci guiderà verso la via che porta alla pace».

80 Il bambino intanto cresceva, sia nel fisico, che nello spirito. E se ne andò a vivere nel deserto, finché non cominciò il suo pubblico ministero in Israele.

Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us,

Even as they delivered them unto us, which from the beginning were eyewitnesses, and ministers of the word;

It seemed good to me also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus,

That thou mightest know the certainty of those things, wherein thou hast been instructed.

There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judaea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abia: and his wife was of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elisabeth.

And they were both righteous before God, walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.

And they had no child, because that Elisabeth was barren, and they both were now well stricken in years.

And it came to pass, that while he executed the priest's office before God in the order of his course,

According to the custom of the priest's office, his lot was to burn incense when he went into the temple of the Lord.

10 And the whole multitude of the people were praying without at the time of incense.

11 And there appeared unto him an angel of the Lord standing on the right side of the altar of incense.

12 And when Zacharias saw him, he was troubled, and fear fell upon him.

13 But the angel said unto him, Fear not, Zacharias: for thy prayer is heard; and thy wife Elisabeth shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt call his name John.

14 And thou shalt have joy and gladness; and many shall rejoice at his birth.

15 For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother's womb.

16 And many of the children of Israel shall he turn to the Lord their God.

17 And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elias, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.

18 And Zacharias said unto the angel, Whereby shall I know this? for I am an old man, and my wife well stricken in years.

19 And the angel answering said unto him, I am Gabriel, that stand in the presence of God; and am sent to speak unto thee, and to shew thee these glad tidings.

20 And, behold, thou shalt be dumb, and not able to speak, until the day that these things shall be performed, because thou believest not my words, which shall be fulfilled in their season.

21 And the people waited for Zacharias, and marvelled that he tarried so long in the temple.

22 And when he came out, he could not speak unto them: and they perceived that he had seen a vision in the temple: for he beckoned unto them, and remained speechless.

23 And it came to pass, that, as soon as the days of his ministration were accomplished, he departed to his own house.

24 And after those days his wife Elisabeth conceived, and hid herself five months, saying,

25 Thus hath the Lord dealt with me in the days wherein he looked on me, to take away my reproach among men.

26 And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth,

27 To a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin's name was Mary.

28 And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.

29 And when she saw him, she was troubled at his saying, and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be.

30 And the angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary: for thou hast found favour with God.

31 And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name Jesus.

32 He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David:

33 And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end.

34 Then said Mary unto the angel, How shall this be, seeing I know not a man?

35 And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God.

36 And, behold, thy cousin Elisabeth, she hath also conceived a son in her old age: and this is the sixth month with her, who was called barren.

37 For with God nothing shall be impossible.

38 And Mary said, Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it unto me according to thy word. And the angel departed from her.

39 And Mary arose in those days, and went into the hill country with haste, into a city of Juda;

40 And entered into the house of Zacharias, and saluted Elisabeth.

41 And it came to pass, that, when Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her womb; and Elisabeth was filled with the Holy Ghost:

42 And she spake out with a loud voice, and said, Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb.

43 And whence is this to me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?

44 For, lo, as soon as the voice of thy salutation sounded in mine ears, the babe leaped in my womb for joy.

45 And blessed is she that believed: for there shall be a performance of those things which were told her from the Lord.

46 And Mary said, My soul doth magnify the Lord,

47 And my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Saviour.

48 For he hath regarded the low estate of his handmaiden: for, behold, from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed.

49 For he that is mighty hath done to me great things; and holy is his name.

50 And his mercy is on them that fear him from generation to generation.

51 He hath shewed strength with his arm; he hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.

52 He hath put down the mighty from their seats, and exalted them of low degree.

53 He hath filled the hungry with good things; and the rich he hath sent empty away.

54 He hath helped his servant Israel, in remembrance of his mercy;

55 As he spake to our fathers, to Abraham, and to his seed for ever.

56 And Mary abode with her about three months, and returned to her own house.

57 Now Elisabeth's full time came that she should be delivered; and she brought forth a son.

58 And her neighbours and her cousins heard how the Lord had shewed great mercy upon her; and they rejoiced with her.

59 And it came to pass, that on the eighth day they came to circumcise the child; and they called him Zacharias, after the name of his father.

60 And his mother answered and said, Not so; but he shall be called John.

61 And they said unto her, There is none of thy kindred that is called by this name.

62 And they made signs to his father, how he would have him called.

63 And he asked for a writing table, and wrote, saying, His name is John. And they marvelled all.

64 And his mouth was opened immediately, and his tongue loosed, and he spake, and praised God.

65 And fear came on all that dwelt round about them: and all these sayings were noised abroad throughout all the hill country of Judaea.

66 And all they that heard them laid them up in their hearts, saying, What manner of child shall this be! And the hand of the Lord was with him.

67 And his father Zacharias was filled with the Holy Ghost, and prophesied, saying,

68 Blessed be the Lord God of Israel; for he hath visited and redeemed his people,

69 And hath raised up an horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David;

70 As he spake by the mouth of his holy prophets, which have been since the world began:

71 That we should be saved from our enemies, and from the hand of all that hate us;

72 To perform the mercy promised to our fathers, and to remember his holy covenant;

73 The oath which he sware to our father Abraham,

74 That he would grant unto us, that we being delivered out of the hand of our enemies might serve him without fear,

75 In holiness and righteousness before him, all the days of our life.

76 And thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways;

77 To give knowledge of salvation unto his people by the remission of their sins,

78 Through the tender mercy of our God; whereby the dayspring from on high hath visited us,

79 To give light to them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.

80 And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, and was in the deserts till the day of his shewing unto Israel.

Introduction(A)

Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled[a] among us, just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first(B) were eyewitnesses(C) and servants of the word.(D) With this in mind, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, I too decided to write an orderly account(E) for you, most excellent(F) Theophilus,(G) so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.(H)

The Birth of John the Baptist Foretold

In the time of Herod king of Judea(I) there was a priest named Zechariah, who belonged to the priestly division of Abijah;(J) his wife Elizabeth was also a descendant of Aaron. Both of them were righteous in the sight of God, observing all the Lord’s commands and decrees blamelessly.(K) But they were childless because Elizabeth was not able to conceive, and they were both very old.

Once when Zechariah’s division was on duty and he was serving as priest before God,(L) he was chosen by lot,(M) according to the custom of the priesthood, to go into the temple of the Lord and burn incense.(N) 10 And when the time for the burning of incense came, all the assembled worshipers were praying outside.(O)

11 Then an angel(P) of the Lord appeared to him, standing at the right side of the altar of incense.(Q) 12 When Zechariah saw him, he was startled and was gripped with fear.(R) 13 But the angel said to him: “Do not be afraid,(S) Zechariah; your prayer has been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you are to call him John.(T) 14 He will be a joy and delight to you, and many will rejoice because of his birth,(U) 15 for he will be great in the sight of the Lord. He is never to take wine or other fermented drink,(V) and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit(W) even before he is born.(X) 16 He will bring back many of the people of Israel to the Lord their God. 17 And he will go on before the Lord,(Y) in the spirit and power of Elijah,(Z) to turn the hearts of the parents to their children(AA) and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous—to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.”(AB)

18 Zechariah asked the angel, “How can I be sure of this?(AC) I am an old man and my wife is well along in years.”(AD)

19 The angel said to him, “I am Gabriel.(AE) I stand in the presence of God, and I have been sent to speak to you and to tell you this good news. 20 And now you will be silent and not able to speak(AF) until the day this happens, because you did not believe my words, which will come true at their appointed time.”

21 Meanwhile, the people were waiting for Zechariah and wondering why he stayed so long in the temple. 22 When he came out, he could not speak to them. They realized he had seen a vision in the temple, for he kept making signs(AG) to them but remained unable to speak.

23 When his time of service was completed, he returned home. 24 After this his wife Elizabeth became pregnant and for five months remained in seclusion. 25 “The Lord has done this for me,” she said. “In these days he has shown his favor and taken away my disgrace(AH) among the people.”

The Birth of Jesus Foretold

26 In the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy, God sent the angel Gabriel(AI) to Nazareth,(AJ) a town in Galilee, 27 to a virgin pledged to be married to a man named Joseph,(AK) a descendant of David. The virgin’s name was Mary. 28 The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.”

29 Mary was greatly troubled at his words and wondered what kind of greeting this might be. 30 But the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid,(AL) Mary; you have found favor with God.(AM) 31 You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to call him Jesus.(AN) 32 He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High.(AO) The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David,(AP) 33 and he will reign over Jacob’s descendants forever; his kingdom(AQ) will never end.”(AR)

34 “How will this be,” Mary asked the angel, “since I am a virgin?”

35 The angel answered, “The Holy Spirit will come on you,(AS) and the power of the Most High(AT) will overshadow you. So the holy one(AU) to be born will be called[b] the Son of God.(AV) 36 Even Elizabeth your relative is going to have a child(AW) in her old age, and she who was said to be unable to conceive is in her sixth month. 37 For no word from God will ever fail.”(AX)

38 “I am the Lord’s servant,” Mary answered. “May your word to me be fulfilled.” Then the angel left her.

Mary Visits Elizabeth

39 At that time Mary got ready and hurried to a town in the hill country of Judea,(AY) 40 where she entered Zechariah’s home and greeted Elizabeth. 41 When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.(AZ) 42 In a loud voice she exclaimed: “Blessed are you among women,(BA) and blessed is the child you will bear! 43 But why am I so favored, that the mother of my Lord(BB) should come to me? 44 As soon as the sound of your greeting reached my ears, the baby in my womb leaped for joy. 45 Blessed is she who has believed that the Lord would fulfill his promises to her!”

Mary’s Song(BC)

46 And Mary said:

“My soul glorifies the Lord(BD)
47     and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior,(BE)
48 for he has been mindful
    of the humble state of his servant.(BF)
From now on all generations will call me blessed,(BG)
49     for the Mighty One has done great things(BH) for me—
    holy is his name.(BI)
50 His mercy extends to those who fear him,
    from generation to generation.(BJ)
51 He has performed mighty deeds with his arm;(BK)
    he has scattered those who are proud in their inmost thoughts.(BL)
52 He has brought down rulers from their thrones
    but has lifted up the humble.(BM)
53 He has filled the hungry with good things(BN)
    but has sent the rich away empty.
54 He has helped his servant Israel,
    remembering to be merciful(BO)
55 to Abraham and his descendants(BP) forever,
    just as he promised our ancestors.”

56 Mary stayed with Elizabeth for about three months and then returned home.

The Birth of John the Baptist

57 When it was time for Elizabeth to have her baby, she gave birth to a son. 58 Her neighbors and relatives heard that the Lord had shown her great mercy, and they shared her joy.

59 On the eighth day they came to circumcise(BQ) the child, and they were going to name him after his father Zechariah, 60 but his mother spoke up and said, “No! He is to be called John.”(BR)

61 They said to her, “There is no one among your relatives who has that name.”

62 Then they made signs(BS) to his father, to find out what he would like to name the child. 63 He asked for a writing tablet, and to everyone’s astonishment he wrote, “His name is John.”(BT) 64 Immediately his mouth was opened and his tongue set free, and he began to speak,(BU) praising God. 65 All the neighbors were filled with awe, and throughout the hill country of Judea(BV) people were talking about all these things. 66 Everyone who heard this wondered about it, asking, “What then is this child going to be?” For the Lord’s hand was with him.(BW)

Zechariah’s Song

67 His father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit(BX) and prophesied:(BY)

68 “Praise be to the Lord, the God of Israel,(BZ)
    because he has come to his people and redeemed them.(CA)
69 He has raised up a horn[c](CB) of salvation for us
    in the house of his servant David(CC)
70 (as he said through his holy prophets of long ago),(CD)
71 salvation from our enemies
    and from the hand of all who hate us—
72 to show mercy to our ancestors(CE)
    and to remember his holy covenant,(CF)
73     the oath he swore to our father Abraham:(CG)
74 to rescue us from the hand of our enemies,
    and to enable us to serve him(CH) without fear(CI)
75     in holiness and righteousness(CJ) before him all our days.

76 And you, my child, will be called a prophet(CK) of the Most High;(CL)
    for you will go on before the Lord to prepare the way for him,(CM)
77 to give his people the knowledge of salvation
    through the forgiveness of their sins,(CN)
78 because of the tender mercy of our God,
    by which the rising sun(CO) will come to us from heaven
79 to shine on those living in darkness
    and in the shadow of death,(CP)
to guide our feet into the path of peace.”(CQ)

80 And the child grew and became strong in spirit[d];(CR) and he lived in the wilderness until he appeared publicly to Israel.

Footnotes

  1. Luke 1:1 Or been surely believed
  2. Luke 1:35 Or So the child to be born will be called holy,
  3. Luke 1:69 Horn here symbolizes a strong king.
  4. Luke 1:80 Or in the Spirit