上帝公义的审判

因此,你这论断人的啊,不管你是谁,都难逃罪责。你在什么事上论断别人,就在什么事上定了自己的罪,因为你论断别人的事,自己也在做。 我们都知道,上帝必按真理审判做这些事的人。 你这人啊,你论断别人,自己却做同样的事,你以为自己能逃脱上帝的审判吗? 还是你藐视祂深厚的慈爱、宽容和忍耐,不知道祂的慈爱是要引导你悔改吗? 你这样硬着心不肯悔改等于是为自己积蓄烈怒,上帝的烈怒在祂施行公义审判的那天必临到你。 上帝必照各人的行为施行赏罚。 凡是恒心行善、寻求荣耀、尊贵和永恒福分的人,祂要把永生赐给他们; 至于那些自私自利、违背真理、行为不义的人,祂的烈怒和怒气要降在他们身上。 一切作恶之人必受患难和痛苦,先是犹太人,然后是希腊人。 10 祂要将荣耀、尊贵和平安赐给一切行善的人,先是犹太人,然后是希腊人。 11 因为上帝不偏待人。

12 没有上帝律法的人若犯罪,虽然不按律法受审判,仍要灭亡;有上帝律法的人若犯罪,必按律法受审判。 13 因为上帝眼中的义人不是听到律法的人,而是遵行律法的人。 14 没有律法的外族人若顺着天性做合乎律法的事,他们虽然没有律法,自己就是自己的律法。 15 这表明律法的要求刻在他们心里,他们的良心也可以证明,因为他们的思想有时指控他们,有时为他们辩护。 16 按照我所传的福音,到了审判之日,上帝要借着耶稣基督审判人一切隐秘的事。

犹太人与律法

17 你自称是犹太人,倚仗上帝所赐的律法,自夸与上帝有特别的关系; 18 你受过律法的教导,知道上帝的旨意,能明辨是非; 19 你自信可以做盲人的向导、黑暗中的人的光、 20 愚昧人的师傅、小孩子的老师,因为你从律法中得到了知识和真理。 21 那么,你这教导别人的,为什么不教导自己呢?你教导人不可偷盗,自己却偷盗吗? 22 你告诉他人不可通奸,自己却通奸吗?你憎恶偶像,自己却去偷庙里的东西吗? 23 你以律法自夸,自己却违犯律法羞辱上帝吗? 24 正如圣经上说:“因你们的缘故,上帝的名在外族人中受到亵渎!”

25 如果你遵行律法,割礼才有价值;如果你违犯律法,受了割礼也如同未受割礼。 26 如果未受割礼的人遵行律法的教导,他岂不算是受了割礼吗? 27 身体未受割礼却遵行律法的人,必审判你这有律法条文、受了割礼却违犯律法的人。 28 因为徒具外表的犹太人不是真正的犹太人,身体上的割礼也不是真正的割礼。 29 唯有从心里做犹太人的才是真犹太人,真割礼是借着圣灵在心里受的割礼,不在于律法条文。这样的人得到的称赞不是从人来的,而是从上帝来的。

那么,犹太人有什么长处呢?割礼有什么价值呢? 其实益处非常多!首先,上帝的圣言托付给了犹太人。 虽然有些人不相信,但那有什么关系呢?难道上帝的信实可靠会因他们的不信而化为无有吗? 当然不会!纵然人人都撒谎,上帝仍然真实可靠。正如圣经上说:

“你的判语证明你是公义的;
你虽被人控告,却终必得胜。”

我姑且用人的观点说:“如果我们的不义可以反衬出上帝的公义,我们该做何论?上帝向我们发怒是祂不公正吗?” 当然不是!若是这样,上帝怎么能审判这世界呢? 你们又说:“如果我们的虚谎凸显出上帝的真实,增加祂的荣耀,为什么祂还要把我们当作罪人审判呢?” 为什么你们不干脆说:“我们作恶吧,好成就善事”?有人毁谤我们,说我们传这种道理。这些人受审判是罪有应得!

没有义人

那么,我们犹太人比别人优越吗?绝对不是!我们已经说过,无论是犹太人还是希腊人,所有的人都身陷罪中。 10 正如圣经上说:

“没有义人,一个也没有,
11 没有人明白,没有人寻求上帝。
12 人人偏离正路,变得毫无价值。
没有人行善,一个也没有。
13 他们的喉咙是敞开的坟墓,
舌头上尽是诡诈,
嘴唇有蛇的毒液,
14 满口咒诅,言语恶毒;
15 杀人流血,脚步飞快;
16 所到之处,大肆毁灭;
17 平安之路,他们未曾知道;
18 他们眼中毫无对上帝的畏惧。”

19 我们知道律法所讲的都是针对律法之下的人,好叫所有的人都无话可说,使全世界都伏在上帝的审判之下。 20 因为无人能够靠遵行律法而被上帝视为义人,律法的本意是要使人知罪。

因信称义

21 但如今,上帝的义在律法以外显明出来,有律法和众先知做见证。 22 人只要信耶稣基督,就可以被上帝称为义人,没有一个人例外。 23 因为世人都犯了罪,亏欠上帝的荣耀, 24 但蒙上帝的恩典,靠着基督耶稣的救赎,世人被无条件地称为义人。 25 上帝使基督耶稣成为赎罪祭,以便人借着相信耶稣的宝血可以得到赦免。这是为了显明上帝的义,因为祂用忍耐的心宽容人过去的罪, 26 好在现今显明祂的义,使人知道祂是公义的,祂也称信耶稣的为义人。

27 既然如此,我们哪里能夸口呢?当然没有可夸的。靠什么方法让人不能夸口呢?靠遵行律法吗?不是!是靠信主的方法。 28 因为我们坚信人被称为义人是借着信,不是靠遵行律法。 29 难道上帝只是犹太人的上帝吗?祂不也是外族人的上帝吗?祂当然也是外族人的上帝。 30 因为上帝只有一位,祂本着信称受割礼的人为义人,也本着信称未受割礼的人为义人。 31 这么说来,我们是借着信心废掉上帝的律法吗?当然不是!我们反倒是巩固律法。

亚伯拉罕的榜样

那么,从我们的先祖亚伯拉罕身上,我们学到什么呢? 如果亚伯拉罕是因为有好行为而被称为义人,他就可以夸口了,但他在上帝面前没有可夸的。 圣经上不是说“亚伯拉罕信上帝,就被算为义人”吗? 人工作得来的工钱不算是恩典,是应得的。 但对于只信赦免罪人的上帝、不靠功劳的人,他的信就被算为义。

大卫也说不靠行为而被上帝算为义的人是有福的,他说: “过犯得到赦免、罪恶被遮盖的人有福了。 不被主定罪的人有福了。”

那么,这种福分只给受割礼的人吗?还是也给没有受割礼的人呢?因为我们说,亚伯拉罕信上帝,就被算为义人。 10 他究竟是怎么被算为义人的呢?是他受割礼以前呢?还是以后呢?不是以后,而是以前。 11 他后来受割礼只不过是一个记号,表明他在受割礼前已经因信而被称为义人了。他因此成为一切未受割礼的信徒之父,使这些人也可以被算为义人。 12 他也做了受割礼之人的父。这些人不只是受了割礼,还跟随我们先祖亚伯拉罕的脚步,效法他在未受割礼时的信心。

13 上帝应许将世界赐给亚伯拉罕和他的后裔,不是因为亚伯拉罕遵行了律法,而是因为他因信而成了义人。 14 如果只有遵行律法的人才可以承受应许,信心就没有价值,上帝的应许也就落了空。 15 因为有律法,就有刑罚;哪里没有律法,哪里就没有违法的事。 16 所以,上帝的应许是借着人的信心赐下的,好叫这一切都是出于上帝的恩典,确保应许归给所有亚伯拉罕的子孙,不单是守律法的人,也包括一切效法亚伯拉罕信心的人。 17 亚伯拉罕在上帝面前是我们所有人的父,正如圣经上说:“我已经立你为万族之父。”他所信的上帝是能够使死人复活、使无变有的上帝。

18 他在毫无指望的情况下仍然满怀盼望地相信上帝的应许,因而成为“万族之父”,正如上帝的应许:“你的后裔必这么多”。 19 那时他将近百岁,知道自己身体如同已死,撒拉也过了生育的岁数,但他的信心仍然没有动摇。 20 他没有因不信而怀疑上帝的应许,反倒信心更加坚定,将荣耀归给上帝。 21 他完全相信上帝必能实现祂的应许。 22 因此,他被算为义人。 23 “他被算为义人”这句话不单单是为他写的, 24 也是为将来要被算为义人的我们写的,就是相信上帝使主耶稣从死里复活的人。 25 耶稣受害而死是为了我们的过犯,祂复活是为了使我们成为义人。

Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things.

But we are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against them which commit such things.

And thinkest thou this, O man, that judgest them which do such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God?

Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance?

But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God;

Who will render to every man according to his deeds:

To them who by patient continuance in well doing seek for glory and honour and immortality, eternal life:

But unto them that are contentious, and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, indignation and wrath,

Tribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that doeth evil, of the Jew first, and also of the Gentile;

10 But glory, honour, and peace, to every man that worketh good, to the Jew first, and also to the Gentile:

11 For there is no respect of persons with God.

12 For as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without law: and as many as have sinned in the law shall be judged by the law;

13 (For not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified.

14 For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves:

15 Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another;)

16 In the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ according to my gospel.

17 Behold, thou art called a Jew, and restest in the law, and makest thy boast of God,

18 And knowest his will, and approvest the things that are more excellent, being instructed out of the law;

19 And art confident that thou thyself art a guide of the blind, a light of them which are in darkness,

20 An instructor of the foolish, a teacher of babes, which hast the form of knowledge and of the truth in the law.

21 Thou therefore which teachest another, teachest thou not thyself? thou that preachest a man should not steal, dost thou steal?

22 Thou that sayest a man should not commit adultery, dost thou commit adultery? thou that abhorrest idols, dost thou commit sacrilege?

23 Thou that makest thy boast of the law, through breaking the law dishonourest thou God?

24 For the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles through you, as it is written.

25 For circumcision verily profiteth, if thou keep the law: but if thou be a breaker of the law, thy circumcision is made uncircumcision.

26 Therefore if the uncircumcision keep the righteousness of the law, shall not his uncircumcision be counted for circumcision?

27 And shall not uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge thee, who by the letter and circumcision dost transgress the law?

28 For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh:

29 But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God.

What advantage then hath the Jew? or what profit is there of circumcision?

Much every way: chiefly, because that unto them were committed the oracles of God.

For what if some did not believe? shall their unbelief make the faith of God without effect?

God forbid: yea, let God be true, but every man a liar; as it is written, That thou mightest be justified in thy sayings, and mightest overcome when thou art judged.

But if our unrighteousness commend the righteousness of God, what shall we say? Is God unrighteous who taketh vengeance? (I speak as a man)

God forbid: for then how shall God judge the world?

For if the truth of God hath more abounded through my lie unto his glory; why yet am I also judged as a sinner?

And not rather, (as we be slanderously reported, and as some affirm that we say,) Let us do evil, that good may come? whose damnation is just.

What then? are we better than they? No, in no wise: for we have before proved both Jews and Gentiles, that they are all under sin;

10 As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one:

11 There is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after God.

12 They are all gone out of the way, they are together become unprofitable; there is none that doeth good, no, not one.

13 Their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have used deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips:

14 Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness:

15 Their feet are swift to shed blood:

16 Destruction and misery are in their ways:

17 And the way of peace have they not known:

18 There is no fear of God before their eyes.

19 Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God.

20 Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law is the knowledge of sin.

21 But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets;

22 Even the righteousness of God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them that believe: for there is no difference:

23 For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God;

24 Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus:

25 Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God;

26 To declare, I say, at this time his righteousness: that he might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus.

27 Where is boasting then? It is excluded. By what law? of works? Nay: but by the law of faith.

28 Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law.

29 Is he the God of the Jews only? is he not also of the Gentiles? Yes, of the Gentiles also:

30 Seeing it is one God, which shall justify the circumcision by faith, and uncircumcision through faith.

31 Do we then make void the law through faith? God forbid: yea, we establish the law.

What shall we say then that Abraham our father, as pertaining to the flesh, hath found?

For if Abraham were justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not before God.

For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness.

Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt.

But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness.

Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works,

Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered.

Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin.

Cometh this blessedness then upon the circumcision only, or upon the uncircumcision also? for we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness.

10 How was it then reckoned? when he was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision.

11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised: that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also:

12 And the father of circumcision to them who are not of the circumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which he had being yet uncircumcised.

13 For the promise, that he should be the heir of the world, was not to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but through the righteousness of faith.

14 For if they which are of the law be heirs, faith is made void, and the promise made of none effect:

15 Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression.

16 Therefore it is of faith, that it might be by grace; to the end the promise might be sure to all the seed; not to that only which is of the law, but to that also which is of the faith of Abraham; who is the father of us all,

17 (As it is written, I have made thee a father of many nations,) before him whom he believed, even God, who quickeneth the dead, and calleth those things which be not as though they were.

18 Who against hope believed in hope, that he might become the father of many nations, according to that which was spoken, So shall thy seed be.

19 And being not weak in faith, he considered not his own body now dead, when he was about an hundred years old, neither yet the deadness of Sarah's womb:

20 He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God;

21 And being fully persuaded that, what he had promised, he was able also to perform.

22 And therefore it was imputed to him for righteousness.

23 Now it was not written for his sake alone, that it was imputed to him;

24 But for us also, to whom it shall be imputed, if we believe on him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead;

25 Who was delivered for our offences, and was raised again for our justification.