约翰福音 19
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)
19 于是彼拉多命人鞭打耶稣。 2 士兵用荆棘编成冠冕戴在祂头上，又拿紫袍给祂穿上， 3 来到祂面前说：“犹太人的王万岁！”然后又用手掌打祂。
4 彼拉多又走到外面对众人说：“我把祂带到你们面前，好让你们知道我查不出祂有什么罪。” 5 于是，耶稣戴着荆棘冠冕、穿着紫色长袍出来。彼拉多对众人说：“你们看这个人！”
6 祭司长和差役一见耶稣，就喊道：“把祂钉在十字架上！把祂钉在十字架上！”
彼拉多说：“你们自己把祂带去钉十字架吧！因为我查不出祂有什么罪。”
7 犹太人回答说：“我们有律法，按照那律法，祂应当被处死，因为祂自称是上帝的儿子。”
8 彼拉多听了这话，更加害怕， 9 连忙将耶稣带回总督府，问祂：“你到底是从哪里来的？”但耶稣没有回答。
10 彼拉多说：“你不回答我吗？难道你不知道我有权释放你，也有权把你钉在十字架上吗？”
11 耶稣回答说：“除非从上面赐下权柄给你，否则你无权处置我。因此，把我交给你的那人罪更大。”
12 从那时起，彼拉多想要释放耶稣，可是犹太人却一直喊叫：“如果你释放这个人，你就不是凯撒的忠臣[a]。凡自以为王的，就是背叛凯撒。”
13 彼拉多听了这话，就带着耶稣来到一个地方，名叫“铺石地”，那地方希伯来话叫厄巴大。彼拉多在那里开庭审判祂。 14 那天正是逾越节的预备日，大约在中午十二时，彼拉多对犹太人说：“看啊！你们的王。”
15 众人喊道：“除掉祂！除掉祂！把祂钉在十字架上！”
彼拉多说：“我可以把你们的王钉在十字架上吗？”
祭司长答道：“除了凯撒，我们没有别的王！”
16 于是，彼拉多将耶稣交给他们去钉十字架，他们就把耶稣带走了。
钉十字架
17 耶稣背着自己的十字架出来，前往髑髅地[b]，那地方希伯来话叫各各他。 18 他们在那里把耶稣钉在十字架上。同时还钉了两个人，一边一个，耶稣在当中。 19 彼拉多写了一个告示，安在十字架上，上面写着“犹太人的王，拿撒勒人耶稣”。 20 因为耶稣被钉十字架的地方离城不远，告示上面的字是用希伯来、罗马、希腊三种文字写的，所以很多犹太人读了上面的字。
21 犹太人的祭司长对彼拉多说：“不要写‘犹太人的王’，应该写‘这人自称是犹太人的王’。”
22 彼拉多说：“我写了就写了。”
23 士兵把耶稣钉在十字架上，又把祂的衣服分成四份，每人一份。剩下的内衣从上到下是一块布，没有缝口。 24 他们就商量说：“不要撕破它，让我们抽签决定给谁吧。”这件事是要应验圣经上的话：“他们分了我的外衣，又为我的内衣抽签。”士兵果然这样做了。
25 耶稣的十字架旁边站着祂母亲、祂母亲的一个姊妹、革罗罢的妻子玛丽亚和抹大拉的玛丽亚。 26 耶稣看见祂的母亲和祂所爱的门徒都站在旁边，就对母亲说：“妇人，看啊，他是你的儿子。” 27 然后对门徒说：“看啊，她是你的母亲。”从那天起，那个门徒就把她接到自己家里去了。
耶稣之死
28 后来，耶稣知道一切的事已经完成，就说：“我渴了。”这是要应验圣经上的话。 29 那里有一个器皿盛满了醋酒。有人用海绵蘸满了醋酒绑在牛膝草上送到祂的嘴里， 30 耶稣尝了那醋酒，然后说：“成了！”就垂下头来，将灵魂交给了上帝。
31 因为那天是预备日，第二天的安息日是个大日子，为了避免在安息日有尸首留在十字架上，犹太人便求彼拉多叫人打断他们的腿，好把他们搬走。 32 于是，士兵上前把与耶稣同钉十字架的两个人的腿都打断了。 33 但是他们来到耶稣那里时，发现祂已经死了，就没有打断祂的腿， 34 只是有一个士兵用矛刺了一下祂的肋旁，顿时有血和水流了出来。 35 看见这事的人为此做见证，他的见证是真实的，他知道自己所说的是事实，好让你们可以相信。 36 这些事的发生是为了应验圣经上的话：“祂的骨头一根也不会折断”； 37 “他们要仰望自己所刺的那位。”
安葬耶稣
38 事后，有一个名叫约瑟的亚利马太人请求彼拉多让他为耶稣收尸。他因为畏惧犹太人，只是暗中做耶稣的门徒。彼拉多批准了，他就把耶稣的遗体领去。 39 曾经夜访耶稣的尼哥德慕也来了，他带来了没药和沉香调成的香料，重约三十四公斤。 40 他们按照犹太人殡葬的习俗，用细麻布加上香料把耶稣的遗体裹好。 41 在耶稣被钉十字架的地方有一个园子，里边有一座新坟墓，从来没有安葬过人。 42 因为那天是犹太人的预备日，这座新坟墓也在附近，他们就把耶稣安放在那里。
John 19
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
Chapter 19
1 [a](A)Then Pilate took Jesus and had him scourged. 2 And the soldiers wove a crown out of thorns and placed it on his head, and clothed him in a purple cloak, 3 and they came to him and said, “Hail, King of the Jews!” And they struck him repeatedly. 4 Once more Pilate went out and said to them, “Look, I am bringing him out to you, so that you may know that I find no guilt in him.”(B) 5 So Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple cloak. And he said to them, “Behold, the man!”(C) 6 When the chief priests and the guards saw him they cried out, “Crucify him, crucify him!” Pilate said to them, “Take him yourselves and crucify him. I find no guilt in him.”(D) 7 [b]The Jews answered,(E) “We have a law, and according to that law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.” 8 Now when Pilate heard this statement, he became even more afraid, 9 and went back into the praetorium and said to Jesus, “Where are you from?” Jesus did not answer him.(F) 10 So Pilate said to him, “Do you not speak to me? Do you not know that I have power to release you and I have power to crucify you?” 11 Jesus answered [him], “You would have no power over me if it had not been given to you from above. For this reason the one who handed me over to you has the greater sin.”(G) 12 Consequently, Pilate tried to release him; but the Jews cried out, “If you release him, you are not a Friend of Caesar.[c] Everyone who makes himself a king opposes Caesar.”(H)
13 When Pilate heard these words he brought Jesus out and seated him[d] on the judge’s bench in the place called Stone Pavement, in Hebrew, Gabbatha. 14 It was preparation day for Passover, and it was about noon.[e] And he said to the Jews, “Behold, your king!” 15 They cried out, “Take him away, take him away! Crucify him!” Pilate said to them, “Shall I crucify your king?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king but Caesar.” 16 Then he handed him over to them to be crucified.[f]
The Crucifixion of Jesus. So they took Jesus, 17 (I)and carrying the cross himself[g] he went out to what is called the Place of the Skull, in Hebrew, Golgotha. 18 There they crucified him, and with him two others, one on either side, with Jesus in the middle. 19 [h]Pilate also had an inscription written and put on the cross. It read, “Jesus the Nazorean, the King of the Jews.” 20 Now many of the Jews read this inscription, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek. 21 So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write ‘The King of the Jews,’ but that he said, ‘I am the King of the Jews.’”(J) 22 Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.”
23 [i]When the soldiers had crucified Jesus,(K) they took his clothes and divided them into four shares, a share for each soldier.(L) They also took his tunic, but the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from the top down. 24 So they said to one another, “Let’s not tear it, but cast lots for it to see whose it will be,” in order that the passage of scripture might be fulfilled [that says]:
“They divided my garments among them,
and for my vesture they cast lots.”
This is what the soldiers did. 25 [j](M)Standing by the cross of Jesus were his mother and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary of Magdala. 26 When Jesus saw his mother[k] and the disciple there whom he loved, he said to his mother, “Woman, behold, your son.”(N) 27 Then he said to the disciple, “Behold, your mother.” And from that hour the disciple took her into his home.
28 (O)After this, aware that everything was now finished, in order that the scripture might be fulfilled,[l] Jesus said, “I thirst.”(P) 29 There was a vessel filled with common wine.[m] So they put a sponge soaked in wine on a sprig of hyssop and put it up to his mouth. 30 [n]When Jesus had taken the wine, he said, “It is finished.”(Q) And bowing his head, he handed over the spirit.
The Blood and Water. 31 Now since it was preparation day, in order that the bodies might not remain on the cross on the sabbath, for the sabbath day of that week was a solemn one, the Jews asked Pilate that their legs be broken and they be taken down.(R) 32 So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first and then of the other one who was crucified with Jesus. 33 But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs, 34 [o](S)but one soldier thrust his lance into his side, and immediately blood and water flowed out. 35 An eyewitness has testified, and his testimony is true; he knows[p] that he is speaking the truth, so that you also may [come to] believe.(T) 36 For this happened so that the scripture passage might be fulfilled:
“Not a bone of it will be broken.”(U)
37 And again another passage says:
“They will look upon him whom they have pierced.”(V)
The Burial of Jesus.[q] 38 (W)After this, Joseph of Arimathea, secretly a disciple of Jesus for fear of the Jews, asked Pilate if he could remove the body of Jesus. And Pilate permitted it. So he came and took his body. 39 Nicodemus, the one who had first come to him at night, also came bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes weighing about one hundred pounds.(X) 40 They took the body of Jesus and bound it with burial cloths along with the spices, according to the Jewish burial custom. 41 Now in the place where he had been crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb, in which no one had yet been buried. 42 So they laid Jesus there because of the Jewish preparation day; for the tomb was close by.
Footnotes
- 19:1 Luke places the mockery of Jesus at the midpoint in the trial when Jesus was sent to Herod. Mark and Matthew place the scourging and mockery at the end of the trial after the sentence of death. Scourging was an integral part of the crucifixion penalty.
- 19:7 Made himself the Son of God: this question was not raised in John’s account of the Jewish interrogations of Jesus as it was in the synoptic account. Nevertheless, see Jn 5:18; 8:53; 10:36.
- 19:12 Friend of Caesar: a Roman honorific title bestowed upon high-ranking officials for merit.
- 19:13 Seated him: others translate “(Pilate) sat down.” In John’s thought, Jesus is the real judge of the world, and John may here be portraying him seated on the judgment bench. Stone Pavement: in Greek lithostrotos; under the fortress Antonia, one of the conjectured locations of the praetorium, a massive stone pavement has been excavated. Gabbatha (Aramaic rather than Hebrew) probably means “ridge, elevation.”
- 19:14 Noon: Mk 15:25 has Jesus crucified “at the third hour,” which means either 9 a.m. or the period from 9 a.m. to 12 noon, the time when, according to John, Jesus was sentenced to death, was the hour at which the priests began to slaughter Passover lambs in the temple; see Jn 1:29.
- 19:16 He handed him over to them to be crucified: in context this would seem to mean “handed him over to the chief priests.” Lk 23:25 has a similar ambiguity. There is a polemic tendency in the gospels to place the guilt of the crucifixion on the Jewish authorities and to exonerate the Romans from blame. But John later mentions the Roman soldiers (Jn 19:23), and it was to these soldiers that Pilate handed Jesus over.
- 19:17 Carrying the cross himself: a different picture from that of the synoptics, especially Lk 23:26, where Simon of Cyrene is made to carry the cross, walking behind Jesus. In John’s theology, Jesus remained in complete control and master of his destiny (cf. Jn 10:18). Place of the Skull: the Latin word for skull is Calvaria; hence “Calvary.” Golgotha is actually an Aramaic rather than a Hebrew word.
- 19:19 The inscription differs with slightly different words in each of the four gospels. John’s form is fullest and gives the equivalent of the Latin INRI = Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum. Only John mentions its polyglot character (Jn 19:20) and Pilate’s role in keeping the title unchanged (Jn 19:21–22).
- 19:23–25a While all four gospels describe the soldiers casting lots to divide Jesus’ garments (see note on Mt 27:35), only John quotes the underlying passage from Ps 22:19, and only John sees each line of the poetic parallelism literally carried out in two separate actions (Jn 19:23–24).
- 19:25 It is not clear whether four women are meant, or three (i.e., Mary the wife of Cl[e]opas [cf. Lk 24:18] is in apposition with his mother’s sister) or two (his mother and his mother’s sister, i.e., Mary of Cl[e]opas and Mary of Magdala). Only John mentions the mother of Jesus here. The synoptics have a group of women looking on from a distance at the cross (Mk 15:40).
- 19:26–27 This scene has been interpreted literally, of Jesus’ concern for his mother; and symbolically, e.g., in the light of the Cana story in Jn 2 (the presence of the mother of Jesus, the address woman, and the mention of the hour) and of the upper room in Jn 13 (the presence of the beloved disciple; the hour). Now that the hour has come (Jn 19:28), Mary (a symbol of the church?) is given a role as the mother of Christians (personified by the beloved disciple); or, as a representative of those seeking salvation, she is supported by the disciple who interprets Jesus’ revelation; or Jewish and Gentile Christianity (or Israel and the Christian community) are reconciled.
- 19:28 The scripture…fulfilled: either in the scene of Jn 19:25–27, or in the I thirst of Jn 19:28. If the latter, Ps 22:16; 69:22 deserve consideration.
- 19:29 Wine: John does not mention the drugged wine, a narcotic that Jesus refused as the crucifixion began (Mk 15:23), but only this final gesture of kindness at the end (Mk 15:36). Hyssop, a small plant, is scarcely suitable for carrying a sponge (Mark mentions a reed) and may be a symbolic reference to the hyssop used to daub the blood of the paschal lamb on the doorpost of the Hebrews (Ex 12:22).
- 19:30 Handed over the spirit: there is a double nuance of dying (giving up the last breath or spirit) and that of passing on the holy Spirit; see Jn 7:39, which connects the giving of the Spirit with Jesus’ glorious return to the Father, and Jn 20:22, where the author portrays the conferral of the Spirit.
- 19:34–35 John probably emphasizes these verses to show the reality of Jesus’ death, against the docetic heretics. In the blood and water there may also be a symbolic reference to the Eucharist and baptism.
- 19:35 He knows: it is not certain from the Greek that this he is the eyewitness of the first part of the sentence. May [come to] believe: see note on Jn 20:31.
- 19:38–42 In the first three gospels there is no anointing on Friday. In Matthew and Luke the women come to the tomb on Sunday morning precisely to anoint Jesus.
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