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IV. ULTIMI ATTI E MORTE DI MOSE'

La missione di Giosuè

31 Mosè andò e rivolse ancora queste parole a tutto Israele. Disse loro: «Io oggi ho centovent'anni; non posso più andare e venire; inoltre il Signore mi ha detto: Tu non passerai questo Giordano. Il Signore tuo Dio passerà davanti a te, distruggerà davanti a te quelle nazioni e tu prenderai il loro posto; quanto a Giosuè, egli passerà alla tua testa, come il Signore ha detto. Il Signore tratterà quelle nazioni come ha trattato Sicon e Og, re degli Amorrei, e come ha trattato il loro paese, che egli ha distrutto. Il Signore le metterà in vostro potere e voi le tratterete secondo tutti gli ordini che vi ho dati. Siate forti, fatevi animo, non temete e non vi spaventate di loro, perché il Signore tuo Dio cammina con te; non ti lascerà e non ti abbandonerà».

Poi Mosè chiamò Giosuè e gli disse alla presenza di tutto Israele: «Sii forte e fatti animo, perché tu entrerai con questo popolo nel paese, che il Signore ai loro padri giurò di darvi: tu gliene darai il possesso. Il Signore stesso cammina davanti a te; egli sarà con te, non ti lascerà e non ti abbandonerà; non temere e non ti perdere d'animo!».

Lettura rituale della Legge

Mosè scrisse questa legge e la diede ai sacerdoti figli di Levi, che portavano l'arca dell'alleanza del Signore e a tutti gli anziani d'Israele. 10 Mosè diede loro quest'ordine: «Alla fine di ogni sette anni, al tempo dell'anno del condono, alla festa delle capanne, 11 quando tutto Israele verrà a presentarsi davanti al Signore tuo Dio, nel luogo che avrà scelto, leggerai questa legge davanti a tutto Israele, agli orecchi di tutti. 12 Radunerai il popolo, uomini, donne, bambini e il forestiero che sarà nelle tue città, perché ascoltino, imparino a temere il Signore vostro Dio e si preoccupino di mettere in pratica tutte le parole di questa legge. 13 I loro figli, che ancora non la conoscono, la udranno e impareranno a temere il Signore vostro Dio, finché vivrete nel paese di cui voi andate a prendere possesso passando il Giordano».

Istruzioni del Signore

14 Il Signore disse a Mosè: «Ecco, il giorno della tua morte è vicino; chiama Giosuè e presentatevi nella tenda del convegno, perché io gli comunichi i miei ordini». Mosè e Giosuè dunque andarono a presentarsi nella tenda del convegno. 15 Il Signore apparve nella tenda in una colonna di nube e la colonna di nube stette all'ingresso della tenda.

16 Il Signore disse a Mosè: «Ecco, tu stai per addormentarti con i tuoi padri; questo popolo si alzerà e si prostituirà con gli dei stranieri del paese nel quale sta per entrare; mi abbandonerà e spezzerà l'alleanza che io ho stabilita con lui. 17 In quel giorno, la mia ira si accenderà contro di lui; io li abbandonerò, nasconderò loro il volto e saranno divorati. Lo colpiranno malanni numerosi e angosciosi e in quel giorno dirà: Questi mali non mi hanno forse colpito per il fatto che il mio Dio non è più in mezzo a me? 18 Io, in quel giorno, nasconderò il volto a causa di tutto il male che avranno fatto rivolgendosi ad altri dei.

Il cantico di testimonianza

19 Ora scrivete per voi questo cantico e insegnatelo agli Israeliti; mettetelo loro in bocca, perché questo cantico mi sia di testimonio contro gli Israeliti. 20 Quando lo avrò introdotto nel paese che ho promesso ai suoi padri con giuramento, paese dove scorre latte e miele, ed egli avrà mangiato, si sarà saziato e ingrassato e poi si sarà rivolto ad altri dei per servirli e mi avrà disprezzato e avrà spezzato la mia alleanza, 21 e quando lo avranno colpito malanni numerosi e angosciosi, allora questo canto sarà testimonio davanti a lui; poiché non sarà dimenticato dalla sua discendenza. Sì, conosco i pensieri da lui concepiti gia oggi, prima ancora che io lo abbia introdotto nel paese, che ho promesso con giuramento». 22 Mosè scrisse quel giorno questo canto e lo insegnò agli Israeliti.

23 Poi il Signore comunicò i suoi ordini a Giosuè, figlio di Nun, e gli disse: «Sii forte e fatti animo, poiché tu introdurrai gli Israeliti nel paese, che ho giurato di dar loro, e io sarò con te».

La legge posta presso l'arca

24 Quando Mosè ebbe finito di scrivere su un libro tutte le parole di questa legge, 25 ordinò ai leviti che portavano l'arca dell'alleanza del Signore: 26 «Prendete questo libro della legge e mettetelo a fianco dell'arca dell'alleanza del Signore vostro Dio; vi rimanga come testimonio contro di te; 27 perché io conosco la tua ribellione e la durezza della tua cervice. Se fino ad oggi, mentre vivo ancora in mezzo a voi, siete stati ribelli contro il Signore, quanto più lo sarete dopo la mia morte!

Israele riunito per ascoltare il cantico

28 Radunate presso di me tutti gli anziani delle vostre tribù e i vostri scribi; io farò udire loro queste parole e prenderò a testimoni contro di loro il cielo e la terra. 29 So infatti che, dopo la mia morte, voi certo vi corromperete e vi allontanerete dalla via che vi ho detto di seguire; la sventura vi colpirà negli ultimi giorni, perché avrete fatto ciò che è male agli occhi del Signore, provocandolo a sdegno con l'opera delle vostre mani». 30 Poi Mosè pronunziò innanzi a tutta l'assemblea d'Israele le parole di questo canto, fino al loro termine.

Joshua Takes Moses’ Place

31 Then Moses continued to speak these[a] words to all Israel, saying, “I am now 120 years old; I can no longer act as your leader.[b] The Lord has told me, ‘You will not cross this Jordan.’(A) The Lord your God is the One who will cross ahead of you.(B) He will destroy these nations before you, and you will drive them out. Joshua is the one who will cross ahead of you, as the Lord has said.(C) The Lord will deal with them as He did Sihon and Og, the kings of the Amorites, and their land when He destroyed them.(D) The Lord will deliver them over to you, and you must do to them exactly as I have commanded you. Be strong and courageous;(E) don’t be terrified or afraid of them. For it is the Lord your God who goes with you;(F) He will not leave you or forsake you.”(G)

Moses then summoned Joshua and said to him in the sight of all Israel, “Be strong and courageous, for you will go with[c] this people into the land the Lord swore to give to their fathers.(H) You will enable them to take possession of it. The Lord is the One who will go before you.(I) He will be with you; He will not leave you or forsake you.(J) Do not be afraid or discouraged.”

Moses wrote down this law and gave it to the priests, the sons of Levi, who carried the ark of the Lord’s covenant, and to all the elders of Israel. 10 Moses commanded them, “At the end of every seven years, at the appointed time in the year of debt cancellation,(K) during the Festival of Booths,(L) 11 when all Israel assembles[d] in the presence of the Lord your God at the place He chooses, you are to read this law aloud before all Israel.(M) 12 Gather the people—men, women, children, and foreigners living within your gates—so that they may listen and learn to fear(N) the Lord your God and be careful to follow all the words of this law. 13 Then their children(O) who do not know the law will listen and learn to fear the Lord your God as long as you live in the land you are crossing the Jordan to possess.”

14 The Lord said to Moses, “The time of your death is now approaching. Call Joshua and present yourselves at the tent of meeting so that I may commission him.” When Moses and Joshua went and presented themselves at the tent of meeting, 15 the Lord appeared at the tent in a pillar of cloud, and the cloud stood at the entrance to the tent.(P)

16 The Lord said to Moses, “You are about to rest with your fathers, and these people will soon commit adultery with the foreign gods of the land they are entering. They will abandon Me and break the covenant(Q) I have made with them. 17 My anger will burn against them on that day; I will abandon them and hide My face from them so that they will become easy prey.[e] Many troubles and afflictions will come to them. On that day they will say, ‘Haven’t these troubles come to us because our God is no longer with us?’ 18 I will certainly hide My face on that day because of all the evil they have done by turning to other gods. 19 Therefore write down this song(R) for yourselves and teach it to the Israelites; have them recite it,[f] so that this song may be a witness for Me against the Israelites. 20 When I bring them into the land I swore to give their fathers, a land flowing with milk and honey,(S) they will eat their fill(T) and prosper.[g] They will turn to other gods and worship them, despising Me and breaking My covenant.(U) 21 And when many troubles and afflictions come to them, this song will testify against them, because[h] their descendants will not have forgotten it. For I know what they are prone to do,[i] even before I bring them into the land I swore to give them.” 22 So Moses wrote down this song on that day and taught it to the Israelites.

23 The Lord commissioned Joshua son of Nun, “Be strong and courageous, for you will bring the Israelites into the land I swore to them, and I will be with you.”(V)

Moses Warns the People

24 When Moses had finished writing down on a scroll every single word[j] of this law, 25 he commanded the Levites who carried the ark of the Lord’s covenant, 26 “Take this book of the law and place it beside the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God so that it may remain there as a witness against you. 27 For I know how rebellious and stiff-necked you are. If you are rebelling against the Lord now, while I am still alive, how much more will you rebel after I am dead! 28 Assemble all your tribal elders and officers before me so that I may speak these words directly to them and call heaven and earth as witnesses against them.(W) 29 For I know that after my death you will become completely corrupt and turn from the path I have commanded you. Disaster will come to you in the future, because you will do what is evil in the Lord’s sight, infuriating Him with what your hands have made.”(X) 30 Then Moses recited aloud every single word[k] of this song to the entire assembly of Israel:

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 31:1 Some Hb mss, DSS, LXX, Syr, Vg read all these
  2. Deuteronomy 31:2 Lit no longer go out or come in
  3. Deuteronomy 31:7 Some Hb mss, Sam, Syr, Vg read you will bring
  4. Deuteronomy 31:11 Lit comes to appear
  5. Deuteronomy 31:17 Lit will be for devouring
  6. Deuteronomy 31:19 Lit Israelites; put it in their mouths
  7. Deuteronomy 31:20 Lit be fat
  8. Deuteronomy 31:21 Lit because the mouths of
  9. Deuteronomy 31:21 Or know the plans they are devising
  10. Deuteronomy 31:24 Lit scroll the words to their completion
  11. Deuteronomy 31:30 Lit recited the words to their completion

Joshua to Succeed Moses

31 Then Moses went out and spoke these words to all Israel: “I am now a hundred and twenty years old(A) and I am no longer able to lead you.(B) The Lord has said to me, ‘You shall not cross the Jordan.’(C) The Lord your God himself will cross(D) over ahead of you.(E) He will destroy these nations(F) before you, and you will take possession of their land. Joshua also will cross(G) over ahead of you, as the Lord said. And the Lord will do to them what he did to Sihon and Og,(H) the kings of the Amorites, whom he destroyed along with their land. The Lord will deliver(I) them to you, and you must do to them all that I have commanded you. Be strong and courageous.(J) Do not be afraid or terrified(K) because of them, for the Lord your God goes with you;(L) he will never leave you(M) nor forsake(N) you.”

Then Moses summoned Joshua and said(O) to him in the presence of all Israel, “Be strong and courageous, for you must go with this people into the land that the Lord swore to their ancestors to give them,(P) and you must divide it among them as their inheritance. The Lord himself goes before you and will be with you;(Q) he will never leave you nor forsake you.(R) Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged.”

Public Reading of the Law

So Moses wrote(S) down this law and gave it to the Levitical priests, who carried(T) the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and to all the elders of Israel. 10 Then Moses commanded them: “At the end of every seven years, in the year for canceling debts,(U) during the Festival of Tabernacles,(V) 11 when all Israel comes to appear(W) before the Lord your God at the place he will choose,(X) you shall read this law(Y) before them in their hearing. 12 Assemble the people—men, women and children, and the foreigners residing in your towns—so they can listen and learn(Z) to fear(AA) the Lord your God and follow carefully all the words of this law. 13 Their children,(AB) who do not know this law, must hear it and learn to fear the Lord your God as long as you live in the land you are crossing the Jordan to possess.”

Israel’s Rebellion Predicted

14 The Lord said to Moses, “Now the day of your death(AC) is near. Call Joshua(AD) and present yourselves at the tent of meeting, where I will commission him.(AE)” So Moses and Joshua came and presented themselves at the tent of meeting.(AF)

15 Then the Lord appeared at the tent in a pillar of cloud, and the cloud stood over the entrance to the tent.(AG) 16 And the Lord said to Moses: “You are going to rest with your ancestors,(AH) and these people will soon prostitute(AI) themselves to the foreign gods of the land they are entering. They will forsake(AJ) me and break the covenant I made with them. 17 And in that day I will become angry(AK) with them and forsake(AL) them; I will hide(AM) my face(AN) from them, and they will be destroyed. Many disasters(AO) and calamities will come on them, and in that day they will ask, ‘Have not these disasters come on us because our God is not with us?’(AP) 18 And I will certainly hide my face in that day because of all their wickedness in turning to other gods.

19 “Now write(AQ) down this song and teach it to the Israelites and have them sing it, so that it may be a witness(AR) for me against them. 20 When I have brought them into the land flowing with milk and honey, the land I promised on oath to their ancestors,(AS) and when they eat their fill and thrive, they will turn to other gods(AT) and worship them,(AU) rejecting me and breaking my covenant.(AV) 21 And when many disasters and calamities come on them,(AW) this song will testify against them, because it will not be forgotten by their descendants. I know what they are disposed to do,(AX) even before I bring them into the land I promised them on oath.” 22 So Moses wrote(AY) down this song that day and taught it to the Israelites.

23 The Lord gave this command(AZ) to Joshua son of Nun: “Be strong and courageous,(BA) for you will bring the Israelites into the land I promised them on oath, and I myself will be with you.”

24 After Moses finished writing(BB) in a book the words of this law(BC) from beginning to end, 25 he gave this command to the Levites who carried(BD) the ark of the covenant of the Lord: 26 “Take this Book of the Law and place it beside the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God. There it will remain as a witness against you.(BE) 27 For I know how rebellious(BF) and stiff-necked(BG) you are. If you have been rebellious against the Lord while I am still alive and with you, how much more will you rebel after I die! 28 Assemble before me all the elders of your tribes and all your officials, so that I can speak these words in their hearing and call the heavens and the earth to testify against them.(BH) 29 For I know that after my death you are sure to become utterly corrupt(BI) and to turn from the way I have commanded you. In days to come, disaster(BJ) will fall on you because you will do evil in the sight of the Lord and arouse his anger by what your hands have made.”

The Song of Moses

30 And Moses recited the words of this song from beginning to end in the hearing of the whole assembly of Israel: