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申命记 20
Chinese New Version (Simplified)

战争的条例

20 “你出去和你的仇敌作战的时候，看见马匹、车辆和比你多的人群，你不要怕他们，因为那把你们从埃及地领上来的耶和华你的　神，与你同在。 2 你们快要上战场的时候，祭司要上前来，对人民说话， 3 对他们说：‘以色列人哪，你们要听，你们今日快要和仇敌作战，你们不要胆怯，不要惧怕，不要惊慌，不要因他们的缘故战兢； 4 因为耶和华你们的　神和你们同去，要为你们攻打你们的仇敌，要拯救你们。’ 5 官长也要对人民宣告：‘谁建造了新房屋，还没有行过奉献礼的，他可以回家去，恐怕他死在战场上，别人去为他的房屋行奉献礼。 6 谁栽种了葡萄园，还没有享用过它的果子的，他可以回家去，恐怕他死在战场上，别人去享用它的果子。 7 谁与女子订了婚，还没有迎娶的，他可以回家去，恐怕他死在战场上，别人去娶了她。’ 8 官长又要对人民宣告：‘谁是惧怕、胆怯的，他可以回家去，恐怕他使他兄弟的心融化，像他的心一样。’ 9 官长对人民讲完了话，就要指派军官统率他们。

攻城的策略

10 “你临近一座城，要攻打那城的时候，要先向那城提和议。 11 如果那城以和平的话回答你，给你开门，城里所有的人都要给你作苦工，服事你。 12 如果那城不肯与你言和，却要与你作战，你就要围困那城。 13 耶和华你的　神把城交在你手里的时候，你要用利刃杀尽城里所有的男丁。 14 只有妇人、小孩子、牲畜和城里所有的一切，就是一切战利品，你都可以据为己有，你的仇敌的战利品，你都可以吃用，因为这是耶和华你的　神赐给你的。 15 离开你很远的各城，不是属于这些国民的城，你都要这样对待他们。 16 只是在耶和华你的　神赐给你作产业的这些国民的城市里，凡有气息的，连一个你也不可让他活着； 17 只要照着耶和华你的　神吩咐你的，把赫人、亚摩利人、迦南人、比利洗人、希未人、耶布斯人，完全灭绝； 18 免得他们教导你们学习一切可憎的事，就是他们对自己的神所行的事，以致你们得罪耶和华你们的　神。

19 “如果你围困一座城，很久才能攻取占领它，你就不可挥斧破坏那里的树木；因为你可以吃树上的果子，却不可以砍伐树木。难道田间的树木是人，可以被你围困的吗？ 20 只有你知道不结果子的树木，你才可以毁坏砍伐，用来建造围城的设备，攻击那与你作战的城，直到把它攻下为止。”

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申命记 20
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)

交战的条例

20 “你们和敌人交战时，面对比你们强大的军队及战车战马，不要害怕，因为你们的上帝耶和华与你们同在，祂曾带领你们离开埃及。 2 你们出战之前，祭司要上前鼓舞士气， 3 说，‘以色列人啊，听着！今天你们要和敌人交战，不要胆怯，不要惧怕，也不要恐慌。 4 因为你们的上帝耶和华要与你们同去，为你们争战，使你们得胜。’ 5 官长要对士兵说，‘你们谁建了新房子还没有举行奉献礼[a]？他可以回家去，以免他阵亡了，别人为他的房子举行奉献礼。 6 谁栽种了葡萄园还没有享受过园中的果子？他可以回家去，以免他阵亡了，别人享受他园中的果子。 7 谁订了亲还没有迎娶？他可以回家去，以免他阵亡了，别人娶他的未婚妻。’ 8 官长也要告诉士兵，‘有没有胆怯、害怕的？他可以回家去，免得影响他人士气。’ 9 他们讲完后，就要委派将领率军出战。

攻城之略

10 “你们进攻一座城之前，要先给城中居民求和的机会。 11 如果他们开城投降，城里所有的人都要做你们的奴隶，为你们服劳役。 12 如果他们不肯投降，要交战，你们就要围攻那城。 13 你们的上帝耶和华把城交给你们时，你们要杀光城里所有的男子， 14 但可以留下城中的妇女、孩童、牲畜及其他一切作战利品。你们可以享用仇敌的财物，那是你们的上帝耶和华赐给你们的。 15 上述做法只适用于离你们很遥远的城邑，你们附近各族的城邑除外。 16 你们的上帝耶和华将把你们附近各族的城邑赐给你们，你们要将里面有气息的全部消灭。 17 要遵照你们的上帝耶和华的吩咐，彻底灭绝赫人、亚摩利人、迦南人、比利洗人、希未人和耶布斯人， 18 免得他们将祭拜自己神明的可憎习俗传给你们，以致你们得罪你们的上帝耶和华。

19 “你们围攻一座城久攻不下时，不可用斧头砍掉那里的树木，因为你们可以吃树上的果子。田间的树木岂是人，让你们围攻吗？ 20 但你们可以砍那些不结果子的树来建围城的工事，直到攻陷为止。

Footnotes

  1. 20:5 “举行奉献礼”指入住前举行的仪式，有些版本译为“开始入住”。
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Deuteronomy 20
New English Translation

Laws Concerning War with Distant Enemies

20 When you go to war against your enemies and see chariotry[a] and troops[b] who outnumber you, do not be afraid of them, for the Lord your God, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt, is with you. 2 As you move forward for battle, the priest[c] will approach and say to the soldiers,[d] 3 “Listen, Israel! Today you are moving forward to do battle with your enemies. Do not be fainthearted. Do not fear and tremble or be terrified because of them, 4 for the Lord your God goes with you to fight on your behalf against your enemies to give you victory.”[e] 5 Moreover, the officers are to say to the troops,[f] “Who among you[g] has built a new house and not dedicated[h] it? He may go home, lest he die in battle and someone else[i] dedicate it. 6 Or who among you has planted a vineyard and not benefited from it? He may go home, lest he die in battle and someone else benefit from it. 7 Or who among you[j] has become engaged to a woman but has not married her? He may go home, lest he die in battle and someone else marry her.” 8 In addition, the officers are to say to the troops, “Who among you is afraid and fainthearted? He may go home so that he will not make his fellow soldier’s[k] heart as fearful[l] as his own.” 9 Then, when the officers have finished speaking,[m] they must appoint unit commanders[n] to lead the troops.

10 When you approach a city to wage war against it, offer it terms of peace. 11 If it accepts your terms[o] and submits to you, all the people found in it will become your slaves.[p] 12 If it does not accept terms of peace but makes war with you, then you are to lay siege to it. 13 The Lord your God will deliver it over to you,[q] and you must kill every single male by the sword. 14 However, the women, little children, cattle, and anything else in the city—all its plunder—you may take for yourselves as spoil. You may take from your enemies the plunder that the Lord your God has given you. 15 This is how you are to deal with all those cities located far from you, those that do not belong to these nearby nations.

Laws Concerning War with Canaanite Nations

16 As for the cities of these peoples that[r] the Lord your God is going to give you as an inheritance, you must not allow a single living thing[s] to survive. 17 Instead you must utterly annihilate them[t]—the Hittites,[u] Amorites,[v] Canaanites,[w] Perizzites,[x] Hivites,[y] and Jebusites[z]—just as the Lord your God has commanded you, 18 so that they cannot teach you all the abhorrent ways they worship[aa] their gods, causing you to sin against the Lord your God. 19 If you besiege a city for a long time while attempting to capture it,[ab] you must not chop down its trees,[ac] for you may eat fruit[ad] from them and should not cut them down. A tree in the field is not human that you should besiege it![ae] 20 However, you may chop down any tree you know is not suitable for food,[af] and you may use it to build siege works[ag] against the city that is making war with you until that city falls.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 20:1 tn Heb “horse and chariot.”
  2. Deuteronomy 20:1 tn Heb “people.”
  3. Deuteronomy 20:2 sn The reference to the priest suggests also the presence of the ark of the covenant, the visible sign of God’s presence. The whole setting is clearly that of “holy war” or “Yahweh war,” in which God himself takes initiative as the true commander of the forces of Israel (cf. Exod 14:14-18; 15:3-10; Deut 3:22; 7:18-24; 31:6, 8).
  4. Deuteronomy 20:2 tn Heb “and he will say to the people.” Cf. NIV, NCV, CEV “the army”; NRSV, NLT “the troops.”
  5. Deuteronomy 20:4 tn Or “to save you” (so KJV, NASB, NCV); or “to deliver you.”
  6. Deuteronomy 20:5 tn Heb “people” (also in vv. 8, 9).
  7. Deuteronomy 20:5 tn Heb “Who [is] the man” (also in vv. 6, 7, 8).
  8. Deuteronomy 20:5 tn The Hebrew term חָנַךְ (khanakh) occurs elsewhere only with respect to the dedication of Solomon’s temple (1 Kgs 8:63 = 2 Chr 7:5). There it has a religious connotation which, indeed, may be the case here as well. The noun form (חֲנֻכָּה, khanukkah) is associated with the consecration of the great temple altar (2 Chr 7:9) and of the postexilic wall of Jerusalem (Neh 12:27). In Maccabean times the festival of Hanukkah was introduced to celebrate the rededication of the temple following its desecration by Antiochus IV Epiphanes (1 Macc 4:36-61).
  9. Deuteronomy 20:5 tn Heb “another man.”
  10. Deuteronomy 20:7 tn Heb “Who [is] the man.”
  11. Deuteronomy 20:8 tn Heb “his brother’s.”
  12. Deuteronomy 20:8 tn Heb “melted.”
  13. Deuteronomy 20:9 tn The Hebrew text includes “to the people,” but this phrase has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  14. Deuteronomy 20:9 tn Heb “princes of hosts.”
  15. Deuteronomy 20:11 tn Heb “if it answers you peace.”
  16. Deuteronomy 20:11 tn Heb “become as a vassal and will serve you.” The Hebrew term translated slaves (מַס, mas) refers either to Israelites who were pressed into civil service, especially under Solomon (1 Kgs 5:13; 9:15, 21; 12:18), or (as here) to foreigners forced as prisoners of war to become slaves to Israel. The Gibeonites exemplify this type of servitude (Josh 9:3-27; cf. Josh 16:10; 17:13; Judg 1:28, 30-35; Isa 31:8; Lam 1:1).
  17. Deuteronomy 20:13 tn Heb “to your hands.”
  18. Deuteronomy 20:16 tn The antecedent of the relative pronoun is “cities.”
  19. Deuteronomy 20:16 tn Heb “any breath.”
  20. Deuteronomy 20:17 tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, which the translation seeks to reflect with “utterly.” Cf. CEV “completely wipe out.”sn The Hebrew verb refers to placing persons or things so evil and/or impure as to be irredeemable under God’s judgment, usually to the extent of their complete destruction. See also the note on the phrase “the divine judgment” in Deut 2:34.
  21. Deuteronomy 20:17 sn Hittite. The center of Hittite power was in Anatolia (central modern Turkey). In the Late Bronze Age (1550-1200 b.c.) they were at their zenith, establishing outposts and colonies near and far. Some elements were obviously in Canaan at the time of the Conquest (1400-1350 b.c.).
  22. Deuteronomy 20:17 sn Amorite. Originally from the upper Euphrates region (Amurru), the Amorites appear to have migrated into Canaan beginning in 2200 b.c. or thereabouts.
  23. Deuteronomy 20:17 sn Canaanite. These were the indigenous peoples of the land of Palestine, going back to the beginning of recorded history (ca. 3000 b.c.). The OT identifies them as descendants of Ham (Gen 10:6), the only Hamites to have settled north and east of Egypt.
  24. Deuteronomy 20:17 sn Perizzite. This probably refers to a subgroup of Canaanites (Gen 13:7; 34:30).
  25. Deuteronomy 20:17 sn Hivite. These are usually thought to be the same as the Hurrians, a people well-known in ancient Near Eastern texts. They are likely identical to the Horites (see note on “Horites” in Deut 2:12).
  26. Deuteronomy 20:17 tc The LXX adds “Girgashites” here at the end of the list in order to list the full (and usual) complement of seven (see note on “seven” in Deut 7:1).sn Jebusite. These people inhabited the hill country, particularly in and about Jerusalem (cf. Num 13:29; Josh 15:8; 2 Sam 5:6; 24:16).
  27. Deuteronomy 20:18 tn Heb “to do according to all their abominations which they do for their gods.”
  28. Deuteronomy 20:19 tn Heb “to fight against it to capture it.”
  29. Deuteronomy 20:19 tn Heb “you must not destroy its trees by chopping them with an iron” (i.e., an ax).
  30. Deuteronomy 20:19 tn Heb “you may eat from them.” The direct object is not expressed; the word “fruit” is supplied in the translation for clarity.
  31. Deuteronomy 20:19 tn Heb “to go before you in siege.”
  32. Deuteronomy 20:20 tn Heb “however, a tree which you know is not a tree for food you may destroy and cut down.”
  33. Deuteronomy 20:20 tn Heb “[an] enclosure.” The term מָצוֹר (matsor) may refer to encircling ditches or to surrounding stagings. See R. de Vaux, Ancient Israel, 238.
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申命记 20
Chinese New Version (Simplified)

战争的条例

20 “你出去和你的仇敌作战的时候，看见马匹、车辆和比你多的人群，你不要怕他们，因为那把你们从埃及地领上来的耶和华你的　神，与你同在。 2 你们快要上战场的时候，祭司要上前来，对人民说话， 3 对他们说：‘以色列人哪，你们要听，你们今日快要和仇敌作战，你们不要胆怯，不要惧怕，不要惊慌，不要因他们的缘故战兢； 4 因为耶和华你们的　神和你们同去，要为你们攻打你们的仇敌，要拯救你们。’ 5 官长也要对人民宣告：‘谁建造了新房屋，还没有行过奉献礼的，他可以回家去，恐怕他死在战场上，别人去为他的房屋行奉献礼。 6 谁栽种了葡萄园，还没有享用过它的果子的，他可以回家去，恐怕他死在战场上，别人去享用它的果子。 7 谁与女子订了婚，还没有迎娶的，他可以回家去，恐怕他死在战场上，别人去娶了她。’ 8 官长又要对人民宣告：‘谁是惧怕、胆怯的，他可以回家去，恐怕他使他兄弟的心融化，像他的心一样。’ 9 官长对人民讲完了话，就要指派军官统率他们。

攻城的策略

10 “你临近一座城，要攻打那城的时候，要先向那城提和议。 11 如果那城以和平的话回答你，给你开门，城里所有的人都要给你作苦工，服事你。 12 如果那城不肯与你言和，却要与你作战，你就要围困那城。 13 耶和华你的　神把城交在你手里的时候，你要用利刃杀尽城里所有的男丁。 14 只有妇人、小孩子、牲畜和城里所有的一切，就是一切战利品，你都可以据为己有，你的仇敌的战利品，你都可以吃用，因为这是耶和华你的　神赐给你的。 15 离开你很远的各城，不是属于这些国民的城，你都要这样对待他们。 16 只是在耶和华你的　神赐给你作产业的这些国民的城市里，凡有气息的，连一个你也不可让他活着； 17 只要照着耶和华你的　神吩咐你的，把赫人、亚摩利人、迦南人、比利洗人、希未人、耶布斯人，完全灭绝； 18 免得他们教导你们学习一切可憎的事，就是他们对自己的神所行的事，以致你们得罪耶和华你们的　神。

19 “如果你围困一座城，很久才能攻取占领它，你就不可挥斧破坏那里的树木；因为你可以吃树上的果子，却不可以砍伐树木。难道田间的树木是人，可以被你围困的吗？ 20 只有你知道不结果子的树木，你才可以毁坏砍伐，用来建造围城的设备，攻击那与你作战的城，直到把它攻下为止。”

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申命记 20
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)

交战的条例

20 “你们和敌人交战时，面对比你们强大的军队及战车战马，不要害怕，因为你们的上帝耶和华与你们同在，祂曾带领你们离开埃及。 2 你们出战之前，祭司要上前鼓舞士气， 3 说，‘以色列人啊，听着！今天你们要和敌人交战，不要胆怯，不要惧怕，也不要恐慌。 4 因为你们的上帝耶和华要与你们同去，为你们争战，使你们得胜。’ 5 官长要对士兵说，‘你们谁建了新房子还没有举行奉献礼[a]？他可以回家去，以免他阵亡了，别人为他的房子举行奉献礼。 6 谁栽种了葡萄园还没有享受过园中的果子？他可以回家去，以免他阵亡了，别人享受他园中的果子。 7 谁订了亲还没有迎娶？他可以回家去，以免他阵亡了，别人娶他的未婚妻。’ 8 官长也要告诉士兵，‘有没有胆怯、害怕的？他可以回家去，免得影响他人士气。’ 9 他们讲完后，就要委派将领率军出战。

攻城之略

10 “你们进攻一座城之前，要先给城中居民求和的机会。 11 如果他们开城投降，城里所有的人都要做你们的奴隶，为你们服劳役。 12 如果他们不肯投降，要交战，你们就要围攻那城。 13 你们的上帝耶和华把城交给你们时，你们要杀光城里所有的男子， 14 但可以留下城中的妇女、孩童、牲畜及其他一切作战利品。你们可以享用仇敌的财物，那是你们的上帝耶和华赐给你们的。 15 上述做法只适用于离你们很遥远的城邑，你们附近各族的城邑除外。 16 你们的上帝耶和华将把你们附近各族的城邑赐给你们，你们要将里面有气息的全部消灭。 17 要遵照你们的上帝耶和华的吩咐，彻底灭绝赫人、亚摩利人、迦南人、比利洗人、希未人和耶布斯人， 18 免得他们将祭拜自己神明的可憎习俗传给你们，以致你们得罪你们的上帝耶和华。

19 “你们围攻一座城久攻不下时，不可用斧头砍掉那里的树木，因为你们可以吃树上的果子。田间的树木岂是人，让你们围攻吗？ 20 但你们可以砍那些不结果子的树来建围城的工事，直到攻陷为止。

Footnotes

  1. 20:5 “举行奉献礼”指入住前举行的仪式，有些版本译为“开始入住”。
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Deuteronomy 20
New English Translation

Laws Concerning War with Distant Enemies

20 When you go to war against your enemies and see chariotry[a] and troops[b] who outnumber you, do not be afraid of them, for the Lord your God, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt, is with you. 2 As you move forward for battle, the priest[c] will approach and say to the soldiers,[d] 3 “Listen, Israel! Today you are moving forward to do battle with your enemies. Do not be fainthearted. Do not fear and tremble or be terrified because of them, 4 for the Lord your God goes with you to fight on your behalf against your enemies to give you victory.”[e] 5 Moreover, the officers are to say to the troops,[f] “Who among you[g] has built a new house and not dedicated[h] it? He may go home, lest he die in battle and someone else[i] dedicate it. 6 Or who among you has planted a vineyard and not benefited from it? He may go home, lest he die in battle and someone else benefit from it. 7 Or who among you[j] has become engaged to a woman but has not married her? He may go home, lest he die in battle and someone else marry her.” 8 In addition, the officers are to say to the troops, “Who among you is afraid and fainthearted? He may go home so that he will not make his fellow soldier’s[k] heart as fearful[l] as his own.” 9 Then, when the officers have finished speaking,[m] they must appoint unit commanders[n] to lead the troops.

10 When you approach a city to wage war against it, offer it terms of peace. 11 If it accepts your terms[o] and submits to you, all the people found in it will become your slaves.[p] 12 If it does not accept terms of peace but makes war with you, then you are to lay siege to it. 13 The Lord your God will deliver it over to you,[q] and you must kill every single male by the sword. 14 However, the women, little children, cattle, and anything else in the city—all its plunder—you may take for yourselves as spoil. You may take from your enemies the plunder that the Lord your God has given you. 15 This is how you are to deal with all those cities located far from you, those that do not belong to these nearby nations.

Laws Concerning War with Canaanite Nations

16 As for the cities of these peoples that[r] the Lord your God is going to give you as an inheritance, you must not allow a single living thing[s] to survive. 17 Instead you must utterly annihilate them[t]—the Hittites,[u] Amorites,[v] Canaanites,[w] Perizzites,[x] Hivites,[y] and Jebusites[z]—just as the Lord your God has commanded you, 18 so that they cannot teach you all the abhorrent ways they worship[aa] their gods, causing you to sin against the Lord your God. 19 If you besiege a city for a long time while attempting to capture it,[ab] you must not chop down its trees,[ac] for you may eat fruit[ad] from them and should not cut them down. A tree in the field is not human that you should besiege it![ae] 20 However, you may chop down any tree you know is not suitable for food,[af] and you may use it to build siege works[ag] against the city that is making war with you until that city falls.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 20:1 tn Heb “horse and chariot.”
  2. Deuteronomy 20:1 tn Heb “people.”
  3. Deuteronomy 20:2 sn The reference to the priest suggests also the presence of the ark of the covenant, the visible sign of God’s presence. The whole setting is clearly that of “holy war” or “Yahweh war,” in which God himself takes initiative as the true commander of the forces of Israel (cf. Exod 14:14-18; 15:3-10; Deut 3:22; 7:18-24; 31:6, 8).
  4. Deuteronomy 20:2 tn Heb “and he will say to the people.” Cf. NIV, NCV, CEV “the army”; NRSV, NLT “the troops.”
  5. Deuteronomy 20:4 tn Or “to save you” (so KJV, NASB, NCV); or “to deliver you.”
  6. Deuteronomy 20:5 tn Heb “people” (also in vv. 8, 9).
  7. Deuteronomy 20:5 tn Heb “Who [is] the man” (also in vv. 6, 7, 8).
  8. Deuteronomy 20:5 tn The Hebrew term חָנַךְ (khanakh) occurs elsewhere only with respect to the dedication of Solomon’s temple (1 Kgs 8:63 = 2 Chr 7:5). There it has a religious connotation which, indeed, may be the case here as well. The noun form (חֲנֻכָּה, khanukkah) is associated with the consecration of the great temple altar (2 Chr 7:9) and of the postexilic wall of Jerusalem (Neh 12:27). In Maccabean times the festival of Hanukkah was introduced to celebrate the rededication of the temple following its desecration by Antiochus IV Epiphanes (1 Macc 4:36-61).
  9. Deuteronomy 20:5 tn Heb “another man.”
  10. Deuteronomy 20:7 tn Heb “Who [is] the man.”
  11. Deuteronomy 20:8 tn Heb “his brother’s.”
  12. Deuteronomy 20:8 tn Heb “melted.”
  13. Deuteronomy 20:9 tn The Hebrew text includes “to the people,” but this phrase has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  14. Deuteronomy 20:9 tn Heb “princes of hosts.”
  15. Deuteronomy 20:11 tn Heb “if it answers you peace.”
  16. Deuteronomy 20:11 tn Heb “become as a vassal and will serve you.” The Hebrew term translated slaves (מַס, mas) refers either to Israelites who were pressed into civil service, especially under Solomon (1 Kgs 5:13; 9:15, 21; 12:18), or (as here) to foreigners forced as prisoners of war to become slaves to Israel. The Gibeonites exemplify this type of servitude (Josh 9:3-27; cf. Josh 16:10; 17:13; Judg 1:28, 30-35; Isa 31:8; Lam 1:1).
  17. Deuteronomy 20:13 tn Heb “to your hands.”
  18. Deuteronomy 20:16 tn The antecedent of the relative pronoun is “cities.”
  19. Deuteronomy 20:16 tn Heb “any breath.”
  20. Deuteronomy 20:17 tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, which the translation seeks to reflect with “utterly.” Cf. CEV “completely wipe out.”sn The Hebrew verb refers to placing persons or things so evil and/or impure as to be irredeemable under God’s judgment, usually to the extent of their complete destruction. See also the note on the phrase “the divine judgment” in Deut 2:34.
  21. Deuteronomy 20:17 sn Hittite. The center of Hittite power was in Anatolia (central modern Turkey). In the Late Bronze Age (1550-1200 b.c.) they were at their zenith, establishing outposts and colonies near and far. Some elements were obviously in Canaan at the time of the Conquest (1400-1350 b.c.).
  22. Deuteronomy 20:17 sn Amorite. Originally from the upper Euphrates region (Amurru), the Amorites appear to have migrated into Canaan beginning in 2200 b.c. or thereabouts.
  23. Deuteronomy 20:17 sn Canaanite. These were the indigenous peoples of the land of Palestine, going back to the beginning of recorded history (ca. 3000 b.c.). The OT identifies them as descendants of Ham (Gen 10:6), the only Hamites to have settled north and east of Egypt.
  24. Deuteronomy 20:17 sn Perizzite. This probably refers to a subgroup of Canaanites (Gen 13:7; 34:30).
  25. Deuteronomy 20:17 sn Hivite. These are usually thought to be the same as the Hurrians, a people well-known in ancient Near Eastern texts. They are likely identical to the Horites (see note on “Horites” in Deut 2:12).
  26. Deuteronomy 20:17 tc The LXX adds “Girgashites” here at the end of the list in order to list the full (and usual) complement of seven (see note on “seven” in Deut 7:1).sn Jebusite. These people inhabited the hill country, particularly in and about Jerusalem (cf. Num 13:29; Josh 15:8; 2 Sam 5:6; 24:16).
  27. Deuteronomy 20:18 tn Heb “to do according to all their abominations which they do for their gods.”
  28. Deuteronomy 20:19 tn Heb “to fight against it to capture it.”
  29. Deuteronomy 20:19 tn Heb “you must not destroy its trees by chopping them with an iron” (i.e., an ax).
  30. Deuteronomy 20:19 tn Heb “you may eat from them.” The direct object is not expressed; the word “fruit” is supplied in the translation for clarity.
  31. Deuteronomy 20:19 tn Heb “to go before you in siege.”
  32. Deuteronomy 20:20 tn Heb “however, a tree which you know is not a tree for food you may destroy and cut down.”
  33. Deuteronomy 20:20 tn Heb “[an] enclosure.” The term מָצוֹר (matsor) may refer to encircling ditches or to surrounding stagings. See R. de Vaux, Ancient Israel, 238.
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申命记 19
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