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设立逃城

19 “耶和华你神将列国之民剪除的时候,耶和华你神也将他们的地赐给你,你接着住他们的城邑并他们的房屋, 就要在耶和华你神所赐你为业的地上分定三座城, 要将耶和华你神使你承受为业的地分为三段,又要预备道路,使误杀人的都可以逃到那里去。

“误杀人的逃到那里可以存活,定例乃是这样:凡素无仇恨,无心杀了人的, 就如人与邻舍同入树林砍伐树木,手拿斧子一砍,本想砍下树木,不料,斧头脱了把,飞落在邻舍身上,以至于死,这人逃到那些城的一座城,就可以存活。 免得报血仇的心中火热追赶他,因路远就追上,将他杀死;其实他不该死,因为他与被杀的素无仇恨。 所以我吩咐你说,要分定三座城。 耶和华你神若照他向你列祖所起的誓扩张你的境界,将所应许赐你列祖的地全然给你, 你若谨守遵行我今日所吩咐的这一切诫命,爱耶和华你的神,常常遵行他的道,就要在这三座城之外,再添三座城, 10 免得无辜之人的血流在耶和华你神所赐你为业的地上,流血的罪就归于你。

11 “若有人恨他的邻舍,埋伏着起来击杀他,以至于死,便逃到这些城的一座城, 12 本城的长老就要打发人去,从那里带出他来,交在报血仇的手中,将他治死。 13 你眼不可顾惜他,却要从以色列中除掉流无辜血的罪,使你可以得福。

勿移界址

14 “在耶和华你神所赐你承受为业之地,不可挪移你邻舍的地界,那是先人所定的。

证者唯一不能定谳

15 “人无论犯什么罪,作什么恶,不可凭一个人的口做见证,总要凭两三个人的口做见证才可定案。 16 若有凶恶的见证人起来,见证某人作恶, 17 这两个争讼的人就要站在耶和华面前,和当时的祭司并审判官面前, 18 审判官要细细地查究。若见证人果然是作假见证的,以假见证陷害弟兄, 19 你们就要待他如同他想要待的弟兄。这样,就把那恶从你们中间除掉。 20 别人听见都要害怕,就不敢在你们中间再行这样的恶了。 21 你眼不可顾惜,要以命偿命,以眼还眼,以牙还牙,以手还手,以脚还脚。

Laws Concerning Cities of Refuge

19 “When (A)the Lord your God cuts off the nations whose land the Lord your God is giving you, and you dispossess them and dwell in their cities and in their houses, (B)you shall set apart three cities for yourselves in the land that the Lord your God is giving you to possess. You shall measure the distances[a] and divide into three parts the area of the land that the Lord your God gives you as a possession, so that any manslayer can flee to them.

“This is the provision for (C)the manslayer, who by fleeing there may save his life. If anyone kills his neighbor unintentionally without having hated him in the past— as when someone goes into the forest with his neighbor to cut wood, and his hand swings the axe to cut down a tree, and the head slips from the handle and strikes his neighbor so that he dies—he may flee to one of these cities and live, lest (D)the avenger of blood in hot anger pursue the manslayer and overtake him, because the way is long, and strike him fatally, though the man did not deserve to die, since he had not hated his neighbor in the past. Therefore I command you, You shall set apart three cities. (E)And if the Lord your God enlarges your territory, (F)as he has sworn to your fathers, and (G)gives you all the land that he promised to give to your fathers— provided you are careful to keep all this commandment, which I command you today, by loving the Lord your God and by walking ever in his ways—(H)then you shall add three other cities to these three, 10 lest innocent blood be shed in your land that the Lord your God is giving you for an inheritance, and so the guilt of bloodshed be upon you.

11 “But if anyone hates his neighbor and lies in wait for him and attacks him (I)and strikes him fatally so that he dies, and he flees into one of these cities, 12 then the elders of his city shall send and take him from there, and hand him over to the avenger of blood, so that he may die. 13 (J)Your eye shall not pity him, (K)but you shall purge the guilt of innocent blood[b] from Israel, so that it may be well with you.

Property Boundaries

14 (L)“You shall not move your neighbor's landmark, which the men of old have set, in the inheritance that you will hold in the land that the Lord your God is giving you to possess.

Laws Concerning Witnesses

15 “A single witness shall not suffice against a person for any crime or for any wrong in connection with any offense that he has committed. (M)Only on the evidence of two witnesses or of three witnesses shall a charge be established. 16 If (N)a malicious witness arises to accuse a person of wrongdoing, 17 then both parties to the dispute shall appear before the Lord, (O)before the priests and the judges who are in office in those days. 18 The judges shall (P)inquire diligently, and if the witness is a false witness and has accused his brother falsely, 19 (Q)then you shall do to him as he had meant to do to his brother. So you shall purge the evil[c] from your midst. 20 And the rest (R)shall hear and fear, and shall never again commit any such evil among you. 21 (S)Your eye shall not pity. (T)It shall be life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 19:3 Hebrew road
  2. Deuteronomy 19:13 Or the blood of the innocent
  3. Deuteronomy 19:19 Or evil person