猶大王約西亞

34 約西亞八歲登基,在耶路撒冷執政三十一年。 他做耶和華視為正的事,效法他祖先大衛,不偏不離。

約西亞清除偶像

他執政第八年,雖然還年幼,卻開始尋求他祖先大衛的上帝。他執政第十二年,開始清除猶大和耶路撒冷的邱壇、亞舍拉神像、雕刻和鑄造的偶像。 眾人在他面前拆毀巴力的祭壇,他砍掉高高的香壇,又把亞舍拉神像及雕刻和鑄造的偶像磨成粉末,撒在祭拜它們之人的墳墓上, 把它們祭司的骸骨放在它們的壇上焚燒。這樣,他潔淨了猶大和耶路撒冷。 約西亞還在瑪拿西、以法蓮、西緬,遠至拿弗他利的各城邑及其周圍的荒廢之地做了同樣的事情。 他拆毀祭壇和亞舍拉神像,把偶像磨成粉末,砍掉以色列境內所有的香壇,然後回到耶路撒冷。

發現律法書

約西亞執政第十八年,潔淨國土和聖殿以後,就差遣亞薩利雅的兒子沙番、耶路撒冷的總督瑪西雅和約哈斯的兒子約亞史官負責整修他的上帝耶和華的殿。 他們到希勒迦大祭司那裡,把獻給上帝殿的銀子交給他。這銀子是守殿門的利未人從瑪拿西人和以法蓮人,所有剩下的以色列人,所有的猶大人和便雅憫人,以及耶路撒冷的居民那裡收來的。 10 他們把銀子交給負責管理耶和華殿的督工,由他們轉交給整修耶和華殿的工人, 11 也就是木匠和石匠,讓他們用來購買鑿好的石頭、木架和棟樑,整修猶大諸王毀壞的殿。 12 工人都忠誠地工作。他們的督工是利未人米拉利的子孫雅哈和俄巴底,哥轄的子孫撒迦利亞和米書蘭。其他精通樂器的利未人 13 負責監督搬運工人,還有一些做書記、官員和殿門守衛。

14 他們把奉獻到耶和華殿裡的銀子拿出來的時候,希勒迦祭司發現了摩西所傳的耶和華的律法書。 15 希勒迦就對沙番書記說:「我在耶和華的殿裡發現了律法書。」希勒迦就把書卷交給沙番。 16 沙番把書卷帶到王那裡,向王稟告說:「凡交給僕人們辦的事,都已辦妥。 17 耶和華殿裡的銀子已被取出來交給督工和工人。」 18 沙番書記又對王說:「希勒迦祭司交給我一卷書。」沙番就在王面前誦讀這書。 19 王聽了律法書上的話,就撕裂衣服, 20 吩咐希勒迦、沙番的兒子亞希甘、米迦的兒子亞比頓、沙番書記和王的臣僕亞撒雅: 21 「你們去為我、為以色列和猶大的餘民求問耶和華有關這書卷上的話。耶和華的烈怒已經臨到我們身上,因為我們的祖先沒有遵守耶和華的話,沒有遵行這書卷上的話。」

22 於是,王派去的人跟著希勒迦去求問女先知戶勒妲,她是負責管理禮服的沙龍之妻。沙龍是哈斯拉的孫子、特瓦的兒子。戶勒妲住在耶路撒冷第二區。他們向她說明來意, 23 她對他們說:「以色列的上帝耶和華要你們回去告訴差你們來見我的人, 24 耶和華說,『我要照在猶大王面前所讀的那書上的一切咒詛,降災難給這地方及這裡的居民。 25 因為他們背棄我,給別的神明燒香,製造偶像惹我發怒,所以我的怒火要在這地方燃燒,絕不止息。』 26 你們告訴差你們來求問耶和華的猶大王,『至於你所聽見的那些話,以色列的上帝耶和華說, 27 因為你聽到我對這地方及這裡居民的警告,便悔改,在我面前謙卑、撕裂衣服,向我哭泣,我垂聽了你的禱告。這是我耶和華說的。 28 我會讓你平安入土,你不會看到我要降給這地方及這裡居民的一切災難。』」他們便回去稟告王。

約西亞立約順服上帝

29 於是,王召集猶大和耶路撒冷的所有長老, 30 與猶大人和耶路撒冷的居民、祭司和利未人等全體民眾,不論貴賤,一同上到耶和華的殿。王把在耶和華殿中發現的約書念給他們聽。 31 王站在自己的位置上,在耶和華面前立約,要全心全意地跟隨耶和華,遵從祂的一切誡命、法度和律例,履行約書上的規定。 32 他使耶路撒冷和便雅憫的人都遵行這約。於是,耶路撒冷的居民都遵行他們祖先的上帝的約。 33 約西亞除去以色列境內所有的可憎之物,又吩咐所有住在以色列的人都事奉他們的上帝耶和華。約西亞在世時,他們都沒有偏離他們祖先的上帝耶和華。

Amon’s horrible reign makes his burial unimportant. No one knows if his bones are with his ancestors in the kings’ tomb or outside the city walls with his father’s discarded altars and icons. With a reign as destructive as his, it is appropriate that, like his bones, Amon is forgotten.

34 Josiah was 8 years old when he became king, and he reigned 31 years in Jerusalem. He was one of the few great kings of Israel, who determinedly obeyed the Eternal and followed the example of his ancestor David. 3-4 His zeal for the True God of David began in the 8th year of his reign while he was still a child of 16, but he did not begin his reforms of Judah and Jerusalem until he was 20 years old. Then he removed the high places, chopped down the sacrificial altars and incense altars of the Baals, and smashed the carved and molten images of Asherah and other gods. He then took the broken pieces of the icons, crushed them into powder, and sprinkled that powder on the graves of the people who had worshiped them. He even burned the bones of the priests who had served those gods on the cultic altars to completely purge Judah and Jerusalem. He then continued his reforms throughout the region, including Manasseh, Ephraim, Simeon, and Naphtali and their surrounding villages, where he personally smashed the carved images of Asherah and other gods into powder and chopped down the incense altars. Then he returned to Jerusalem.

By the 18th year of his reign, Josiah had cleansed the nation and the temple. Now it was time to repair them both by rebuilding the temple. He sent Shaphan (son of Azaliah), Maaseiah (a city official), and Joah (son of Joahaz the recorder) to the temple of the True God, the Eternal, in order to organize repairs there. First, they took the money from the temple coffers and gave it to Hilkiah, the high priest, so he could oversee the funds for the temple repairs. The money had been collected at the temple by the Levite doorkeepers from those remaining in the Northern Kingdom, including Manasseh and Ephraim, and from all those in the Southern Kingdom, including Judah, Benjamin, and the city of Jerusalem. 10 The money went to the Eternal’s temple construction supervisors who then subcontracted the work to tradesmen and craftsmen. 11 Those subcontractors purchased cut stone, timber, and couplings to rebuild the portions of the temple that had become ruined because of the neglect by the kings of Judah. 12 The subcontractors were dependable workers, following the guidance of their supervisors: Jahath and Obadiah (Levites from the clan of Merari), Zechariah and Meshullam (Levites from the clan of Kohath), and the Levite musicians. 13 These supervisors guided everyone on the job, from the subcontractors and foremen to the unskilled laborers, while performing their regular duties of record keepers, officials, and gatekeepers.

14 As Josiah’s three servants were bringing out the money from the Eternal’s treasury, Hilkiah the priest made an unexpected discovery. Deep inside the temple storerooms, long forgotten, was the Eternal’s law book, rules He had given to the Israelites through Moses.

Hilkiah (to Shaphan the scribe): 15 Look at what I have found. This is the Eternal’s law book, which was buried inside the temple.

Hilkiah gave the book to Shaphan, 16 who took it to the king and affirmed that they were proceeding with the temple repairs.

Shaphan (to Josiah): All the repairs you planned for the temple are going well. 17 Your three servants have taken the money from the Eternal’s temple treasury and allocated it to the supervisors and subcontractors. In the midst of temple restoration works, 18 Hilkiah the priest made a discovery. He found this book.

Shaphan then read these laws in the presence of the king.

This is the first time God’s law has been in the palace in generations.

19 When the king heard those words, he realized how far his nation had drifted from God’s path, and he tore his clothes in mourning. 20 He then summoned five of his high-ranking officials: Hilkiah, Ahikam (son of Shaphan), Abdon (son of Micah), Shaphan the scribe, and Asaiah the king’s servant.

Josiah: 21 You must intercede for me and for all those who remain in Israel and Judah. Ask the Lord about these laws which we have just found. The Eternal must be furious with us because our ancestors disobeyed His laws in this book. Soon He will unleash that anger and punish us all.

22 The four men including Hilkiah went straight to Huldah the prophetess in Jerusalem’s Second Quarter because they knew He would speak through her. Huldah was the wife of Shallum (son of Tokhath, son of Hasrah, the keeper of the wardrobe).

Huldah: 23-24 These are the words of the Eternal God of Israel: “Tell Josiah, king of Judah, that I will indeed curse this nation and these people, just as the book says I will, 25 because they have disobeyed Me and made sacrifices to other gods intending to infuriate Me by their actions. The pain and suffering you are about to experience will be unbearable and unending.

26 “But to the king of Judah who sent you to Me, I, the Eternal God of Israel, have noticed your reforms. 27 Because you recognized the True God’s laws, which convicted your nation of their sins, and you humbled yourself and mourned your nation’s actions by tearing your clothing, I have heard you and will have mercy on you. 28 You will die and lie with your ancestors in peace before I unleash My anger on this nation, so your eyes will not witness the great disaster that I am about to bring forth on this place and those dwelling here.”

The four servants gave the king this message, 29 and he immediately summoned all the elders in Judah and Jerusalem. 30 The entire nation (great and small, priest and layman, man and woman) went up to the Eternal’s temple where Josiah read to them the laws from the book of the covenant that was found in the Eternal’s temple. 31-32 There, the king and the entire assembly in Jerusalem, people from Benjamin and Judah, stood and renewed Israel’s covenant with the Eternal, promising to follow His ways, obey His laws with all diligence, and perform the duties of the covenant described in the book. Then all the people in Jerusalem respected their covenant with the True God, the God of their ancestors, 33 and Josiah purged all the lands of Israel of false worship, making certain everyone in Israel served the Eternal God. The people remained faithful to the Eternal God of their ancestors throughout Josiah’s reign.

Reinado de Josías

34 (A)Josías tenía ocho años cuando comenzó a reinar, y reinó treinta y un años en Jerusalén. Él hizo lo recto ante los ojos del Señor y anduvo en los caminos de su padre David(B); no se apartó ni a la derecha ni a la izquierda. Porque en el octavo año de su reinado, siendo aún joven, comenzó a buscar al Dios(C) de su padre David; y en el año doce empezó a purificar a Judá y a Jerusalén de los lugares altos, de las Aseras[a], de las imágenes talladas y de las imágenes fundidas(D). Y derribaron en su presencia los altares de los Baales; destrozó los altares del incienso[b] que estaban puestos en alto, encima de ellos; despedazó también las Aseras, las imágenes talladas y las imágenes fundidas y las redujo a polvo, que esparció(E) sobre las sepulturas de los que les habían ofrecido sacrificios. Entonces quemó los huesos de los sacerdotes sobre sus altares y purificó a Judá y a Jerusalén(F). En las ciudades de Manasés, Efraín, Simeón y hasta en Neftalí, y en sus ruinas alrededor(G), derribó también los altares y redujo a polvo las Aseras y las imágenes talladas(H), y destrozó todos los altares de incienso por todas las tierras de Israel. Después regresó a Jerusalén.

(I)En el año dieciocho de su reinado, cuando terminó de purificar el país y la casa[c], Josías envió a Safán, hijo de Azalía, y a Maasías, un oficial de la ciudad, y a Joa(J), hijo de Joacaz, escriba, para que repararan la casa[d] del Señor su Dios. Ellos vinieron al sumo sacerdote Hilcías(K) y le entregaron el dinero que había sido traído a la casa de Dios, y que los levitas guardianes del umbral habían recogido de[e] Manasés y de Efraín(L) y de todo el remanente de Israel, y de todo Judá y Benjamín y de los habitantes de Jerusalén. 10 Entonces entregaron el dinero en manos de los obreros que estaban encargados de la casa del Señor; y los obreros que trabajaban en la casa del Señor lo usaron[f] para restaurar y reparar la casa. 11 Ellos a su vez les dieron dinero a los carpinteros y a los constructores para comprar piedra de cantería y maderas para las uniones, y hacer vigas para los edificios[g] que los reyes de Judá habían dejado que se arruinaran(M). 12 Los hombres hicieron el trabajo fielmente(N) con estos capataces sobre ellos para dirigirlos: Jahat y Abdías, levitas de los hijos de Merari, y Zacarías y Mesulam, de los hijos de Coat, y de los levitas, todos los que eran hábiles con instrumentos musicales(O). 13 Ellos también estaban sobre los cargadores(P) y dirigían, de trabajo en trabajo, a todos los que hacían la obra. Algunos de los levitas eran escribas, oficiales y porteros.

Hallazgo del libro de la ley

14 Mientras ellos sacaban el dinero que habían traído a la casa del Señor, el sacerdote Hilcías(Q) encontró el libro de la ley del Señor dada por Moisés. 15 Entonces Hilcías dijo al escriba Safán: «He hallado el libro de la ley en la casa del Señor». Hilcías le dio el libro a Safán, 16 y este llevó el libro al rey y le dio más noticias[h]: «Todo lo que fue encomendado a[i] sus siervos, lo están haciendo. 17 También han tomado[j] el dinero que se encontraba en la casa del Señor, y lo han entregado en manos de los encargados y de los obreros». 18 El escriba Safán informó también al rey: «El sacerdote Hilcías me ha dado un libro». Y Safán leyó de él en la presencia del rey. 19 (R)Cuando el rey oyó las palabras de la ley, rasgó sus vestidos(S). 20 Entonces el rey ordenó a Hilcías, a Ahicam, hijo de Safán, a Abdón, hijo de Micaía[k], al escriba Safán y a Asaías, siervo del rey: 21 «Vayan, consulten al Señor por mí y por los que quedan en Israel y en Judá, acerca de las palabras del libro que se ha encontrado. Porque grande es el furor del Señor que se derrama sobre nosotros(T), por cuanto nuestros padres no han guardado la palabra del Señor, haciendo conforme a todo lo que está escrito en este libro».

22 Entonces Hilcías fue con los que el rey había dicho[l] a la profetisa Hulda, mujer de Salum, hijo de Ticva, hijo de Harhas, encargado del vestuario. Ella habitaba en Jerusalén en el segundo sector, y hablaron con ella acerca de esto. 23 Y ella les dijo: «Así dice el Señor, Dios de Israel: “Digan al hombre que los ha enviado a Mí: 24 así dice el Señor: ‘Voy a traer mal sobre este lugar y sobre sus habitantes(U), es decir, todas las maldiciones escritas en el libro(V) que ellos han leído en presencia del rey de Judá. 25 Por cuanto me han abandonado y han quemado incienso a otros dioses(W) para provocarme a ira con todas las obras de sus manos, por tanto Mi furor se derramará sobre este lugar, y no se apagará’”. 26 Pero al rey de Judá que los envió a ustedes a consultar al Señor, así le dirán: “Así dice el Señor, Dios de Israel: ‘En cuanto a las palabras que has oído, 27 porque se enterneció tu corazón y te humillaste delante de Dios cuando oíste Sus palabras contra este lugar y contra sus habitantes, y te humillaste delante de Mí, y rasgaste tus vestidos y lloraste delante de Mí, ciertamente te he oído(X)’, declara el Señor. 28 ‘Te reuniré con tus padres y serás recogido en tu sepultura en paz, y tus ojos no verán todo el mal que Yo voy a traer sobre este lugar y sobre sus habitantes’”». Y llevaron la respuesta al rey.

29 (Y)Entonces el rey mandó reunir a todos los ancianos de Judá y de Jerusalén. 30 Y subió el rey a la casa del Señor con todos los hombres de Judá, los habitantes de Jerusalén, los sacerdotes, los levitas y todo el pueblo, desde el mayor hasta el menor, y leyó en su presencia[m] todas las palabras del libro del pacto(Z) que había sido hallado en la casa del Señor. 31 Después el rey se puso en pie en su lugar(AA) e hizo pacto delante del Señor(AB) de andar en pos del Señor y de guardar Sus mandamientos, Sus testimonios y Sus estatutos con todo su corazón y con toda su alma, para cumplir las palabras del pacto escritas en este libro. 32 Además, hizo suscribir el pacto a todos los que se encontraban en Jerusalén y en Benjamín. Y los habitantes de Jerusalén hicieron conforme al pacto de Dios, el Dios de sus padres. 33 Y Josías quitó todas las abominaciones de todas las tierras que pertenecían a los israelitas(AC), e hizo que todos los que se encontraban en Israel sirvieran al Señor su Dios. Mientras él vivió[n] no se apartaron de seguir al Señor, Dios de sus padres.

Footnotes

  1. 34:3 I.e. símbolos de madera de una deidad femenina.
  2. 34:4 O pilares del sol.
  3. 34:8 O el templo.
  4. 34:8 O el templo.
  5. 34:9 Lit. de la mano de.
  6. 34:10 Lit. dieron.
  7. 34:11 Lit. las casas.
  8. 34:16 Lit. y trajo de nuevo palabras al rey.
  9. 34:16 Lit. dado en mano de.
  10. 34:17 Lit. vaciado.
  11. 34:20 En 2Rey. 22:12, Acbor, hijo de Micaías.
  12. 34:22 Así en la versión gr. (sept.); el T.M. no incluye, había dicho.
  13. 34:30 Lit. a oídos de ellos.
  14. 34:33 Lit. Todos sus días.

Josiah’s Reforms(A)(B)(C)

34 Josiah(D) was eight years old when he became king,(E) and he reigned in Jerusalem thirty-one years. He did what was right in the eyes of the Lord and followed the ways of his father David,(F) not turning aside to the right or to the left.

In the eighth year of his reign, while he was still young, he began to seek the God(G) of his father David. In his twelfth year he began to purge Judah and Jerusalem of high places, Asherah poles and idols. Under his direction the altars of the Baals were torn down; he cut to pieces the incense altars that were above them, and smashed the Asherah poles(H) and the idols. These he broke to pieces and scattered over the graves of those who had sacrificed to them.(I) He burned(J) the bones of the priests on their altars, and so he purged Judah and Jerusalem. In the towns of Manasseh, Ephraim and Simeon, as far as Naphtali, and in the ruins around them, he tore down the altars and the Asherah poles and crushed the idols to powder(K) and cut to pieces all the incense altars throughout Israel. Then he went back to Jerusalem.

In the eighteenth year of Josiah’s reign, to purify the land and the temple, he sent Shaphan son of Azaliah and Maaseiah the ruler of the city, with Joah son of Joahaz, the recorder, to repair the temple of the Lord his God.

They went to Hilkiah(L) the high priest and gave him the money that had been brought into the temple of God, which the Levites who were the gatekeepers had collected from the people of Manasseh, Ephraim and the entire remnant of Israel and from all the people of Judah and Benjamin and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. 10 Then they entrusted it to the men appointed to supervise the work on the Lord’s temple. These men paid the workers who repaired and restored the temple. 11 They also gave money(M) to the carpenters and builders to purchase dressed stone, and timber for joists and beams for the buildings that the kings of Judah had allowed to fall into ruin.(N)

12 The workers labored faithfully.(O) Over them to direct them were Jahath and Obadiah, Levites descended from Merari, and Zechariah and Meshullam, descended from Kohath. The Levites—all who were skilled in playing musical instruments—(P) 13 had charge of the laborers(Q) and supervised all the workers from job to job. Some of the Levites were secretaries, scribes and gatekeepers.

The Book of the Law Found(R)(S)

14 While they were bringing out the money that had been taken into the temple of the Lord, Hilkiah the priest found the Book of the Law of the Lord that had been given through Moses. 15 Hilkiah said to Shaphan the secretary, “I have found the Book of the Law(T) in the temple of the Lord.” He gave it to Shaphan.

16 Then Shaphan took the book to the king and reported to him: “Your officials are doing everything that has been committed to them. 17 They have paid out the money that was in the temple of the Lord and have entrusted it to the supervisors and workers.” 18 Then Shaphan the secretary informed the king, “Hilkiah the priest has given me a book.” And Shaphan read from it in the presence of the king.

19 When the king heard the words of the Law,(U) he tore(V) his robes. 20 He gave these orders to Hilkiah, Ahikam son of Shaphan(W), Abdon son of Micah,[a] Shaphan the secretary and Asaiah the king’s attendant: 21 “Go and inquire of the Lord for me and for the remnant in Israel and Judah about what is written in this book that has been found. Great is the Lord’s anger that is poured out(X) on us because those who have gone before us have not kept the word of the Lord; they have not acted in accordance with all that is written in this book.”

22 Hilkiah and those the king had sent with him[b] went to speak to the prophet(Y) Huldah, who was the wife of Shallum son of Tokhath,[c] the son of Hasrah,[d] keeper of the wardrobe. She lived in Jerusalem, in the New Quarter.

23 She said to them, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: Tell the man who sent you to me, 24 ‘This is what the Lord says: I am going to bring disaster(Z) on this place and its people(AA)—all the curses(AB) written in the book that has been read in the presence of the king of Judah. 25 Because they have forsaken me(AC) and burned incense to other gods and aroused my anger by all that their hands have made,[e] my anger will be poured out on this place and will not be quenched.’ 26 Tell the king of Judah, who sent you to inquire of the Lord, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says concerning the words you heard: 27 Because your heart was responsive(AD) and you humbled(AE) yourself before God when you heard what he spoke against this place and its people, and because you humbled yourself before me and tore your robes and wept in my presence, I have heard you, declares the Lord. 28 Now I will gather you to your ancestors,(AF) and you will be buried in peace. Your eyes will not see all the disaster I am going to bring on this place and on those who live here.’”(AG)

So they took her answer back to the king.

29 Then the king called together all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem. 30 He went up to the temple of the Lord(AH) with the people of Judah, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the priests and the Levites—all the people from the least to the greatest. He read in their hearing all the words of the Book of the Covenant, which had been found in the temple of the Lord. 31 The king stood by his pillar(AI) and renewed the covenant(AJ) in the presence of the Lord—to follow(AK) the Lord and keep his commands, statutes and decrees with all his heart and all his soul, and to obey the words of the covenant written in this book.

32 Then he had everyone in Jerusalem and Benjamin pledge themselves to it; the people of Jerusalem did this in accordance with the covenant of God, the God of their ancestors.

33 Josiah removed all the detestable(AL) idols from all the territory belonging to the Israelites, and he had all who were present in Israel serve the Lord their God. As long as he lived, they did not fail to follow the Lord, the God of their ancestors.

Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 34:20 Also called Akbor son of Micaiah
  2. 2 Chronicles 34:22 One Hebrew manuscript, Vulgate and Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts do not have had sent with him.
  3. 2 Chronicles 34:22 Also called Tikvah
  4. 2 Chronicles 34:22 Also called Harhas
  5. 2 Chronicles 34:25 Or by everything they have done