大祭司麦基洗德

这位麦基洗德是撒冷王,也是至高上帝的祭司。当年亚伯拉罕杀败众王凯旋归来的时候,麦基洗德迎上去为他祝福, 亚伯拉罕把战利品的十分之一给了他。麦基洗德这名字的原意是“公义之王”,后来他又被称为撒冷王,意思是“和平之王”。 他的父母、族谱、生辰、寿数都不得而知,他跟上帝的儿子相似,永远担任祭司的职分。

试想,连我们的祖先亚伯拉罕都将战利品的十分之一给了他,可见他是何等的尊贵! 按照犹太人的律法,那些承袭做祭司的利未后裔可以照例向自己的同胞,就是亚伯拉罕的后裔,收取十分之一。 但这位与犹太人没有血缘关系的麦基洗德,不单接受了亚伯拉罕给他的十分之一,还为承受应许的亚伯拉罕祝福。 毫无疑问,那为人祝福的总比领受祝福的位分大。 收取十分之一的利未祭司都是会死的人,但那位收取十分之一的麦基洗德被证明仍然活着。 这样说来,连接受十分之一奉献的利未也透过亚伯拉罕向麦基洗德纳了十分之一。 10 因为亚伯拉罕遇见麦基洗德时,利未虽然还没有出生,却已经在他祖先的身体里面了。

大祭司耶稣

11 犹太人在利未祭司制度的基础上承受了律法,如果通过这个祭司制度可以达到纯全,又何必照麦基洗德的模式而不是亚伦的模式,另外兴起一位祭司呢? 12 既然这祭司制度更改了,律法也必须更改。 13 因为这里所说的这位祭司属于别的支派,那支派里从来没有在祭坛前供职的祭司。 14 显然,我们的主基督属于犹大支派,摩西从来没有说这个支派会出祭司。

15-16 如果照麦基洗德的模式另外兴起一位祭司,祂做祭司不是照律法要求的血统关系,而是照不能朽坏之生命的大能,事情就更加清楚了。 17 因为有一处经文为祂做见证说:“你照麦基洗德的模式永远做祭司。” 18 以前的条例由于本身的弱点和无益被废除了, 19 因为律法并没有使人变得纯全。但如今,我们可以借着一个更美好的盼望来到上帝面前。

20 此外,耶稣做祭司并非没有誓言作保,其他人做祭司没有誓言作保。 21 上帝只对耶稣说过:

“主起了誓,绝不反悔,
你永远做祭司。”

22 这誓言使耶稣成了更美之约的保证人。 23 以前做祭司的人数极多,但因为受死亡的限制,都不能长久担任圣职。 24 然而,基督永远活着,祂的祭司职位也永不更改。 25 所以祂能拯救那些靠着祂来到上帝面前的人,直到永远,因为祂永远活着,为他们祈求。

26 我们所需要的,正是这样一位圣洁无瑕、良善纯全、远离罪恶、超越诸天的大祭司。 27 祂无需像其他大祭司每天先为自己的罪献祭,然后为百姓的罪献祭,因为祂只一次献上自己的生命,便永远完成了赎罪的工作。 28 根据律法所立的大祭司都有弱点,但律法之后凭誓言所立的大祭司——上帝的儿子永远纯全。

Melquisedeque, o sacerdote

(Gn 14.18-20)

Este Melquisedeque era rei da cidade de Salém e também sacerdote do Deus altíssimo. Quando Abraão regressava vitorioso de uma grande batalha contra vários reis, Melquisedeque saiu-lhe ao encontro e abençoou-o. Então Abraão deu-lhe o dízimo de tudo o que trouxera. Melquisedeque significa rei de justiça; além disso é também rei de Salém, que significa rei de paz. Aparecendo sem que seja mencionado pai ou mãe, nem existindo nenhuma menção dos seus antepassados, ou indicação sobre o seu nascimento ou morte, a sua vida torna-se, assim, semelhante à do Filho de Deus, que é sacerdote para sempre.

Notem como este Melquisedeque foi uma figura importante: Foi a ele que o patriarca Abraão deu a décima parte dos despojos. Agora, aos sacerdotes descendentes de Levi é-lhes ordenado, pela Lei de Moisés, cobrar a décima parte de tudo ao povo, mesmo que sejam descendentes de Abraão. Contudo, Melquisedeque que nem tinha nada a ver com Levi, recebeu o dízimo de Abraão e abençoou-o, sendo este quem tinha já recebido as promessas de Deus. Sem sombra de dúvida, a pessoa que tem o poder de abençoar é sempre maior do que a pessoa que é abençoada.

Lembremos que os sacerdotes judaicos, que recebiam os dízimos do povo, eram simples mortais; porém de Melquisedeque não nos é dito que tenha morrido. Poderemos ainda dizer que o próprio Levi, o antecessor dos sacerdotes que cobram os dízimos, pagou ele próprio o dízimo a Melquisedeque na pessoa de Abraão, seu antecessor. 10 Pois, embora Levi não fosse ainda nascido, a semente dele estava nos lombos de Abraão, quando Melquisedeque lhe cobrou o dízimo.

O sacerdócio eterno de Jesus

11 Se os sacerdotes levitas fossem capazes de nos salvar, pois foi através deles que o povo recebeu a Lei, que necessidade haveria que aparecesse outro sacerdote à semelhança de Melquisedeque e não da descendência de Aarão?

12 Se houve uma mudança de sacerdote é porque houve também, necessariamente, uma mudança de Lei. 13-14 Como é sabido, Cristo pertencia à tribo de Judá, da qual nunca Moisés falou a propósito de sacerdócio, e da qual também nunca houve ninguém que tivesse prestado serviço sacerdotal no altar. 15 Fica assim claro que foi instituído um novo sacerdote, à semelhança de Melquisedeque, que se tornou sacerdote, 16 não segundo a sucessão da tribo de Levi, mas segundo o poder que deriva da vida que jamais findará! 17 E o Salmista salienta este facto quando diz a respeito de Cristo:

“Tu és sacerdote para sempre,
à semelhança de Melquisedeque.”[a]

18 Portanto, o antigo sistema de sacerdócio foi anulado, porque era inútil e sem capacidade para salvar. 19 Na verdade, a Lei nunca tornou ninguém justo. Mas agora é bem melhor a nossa esperança de chegar a Deus.

20 Além disso, é preciso não esquecer que foi com um juramento que Deus fez de Cristo um sacerdote eterno. 21 E isso não aconteceu com nenhum dos sacerdotes levitas. Só de Cristo está escrito:

“O Senhor jurou e nunca há de alterar o seu intento:
‘Tu és sacerdote para sempre.’ ”[b]

22 Eis a razão por que Cristo nos pode garantir uma aliança com o seu Pai muito melhor do que a anterior.

23 No sistema antigo foi preciso que muitos sacerdotes se sucedessem; a morte impedia-os de permanecer para sempre. 24 Mas Jesus vive para sempre e, por isso, é permanentemente sacerdote. 25 Portanto, pode salvar perfeitamente todos os que por ele se chegam a Deus, vivendo eternamente para interceder junto de seu Pai a favor deles.

26 Era um sumo sacerdote assim que nos convinha: santo, irrepreensível, sem nunca ter sido manchado pelo pecado, separado dos pecadores; e foi-lhe dado o lugar de maior honra no céu. 27 Ele não precisa, como os outros sacerdotes, de oferecer sacrifícios diários, primeiro pelos seus próprios pecados e depois pelos do povo, como os outros sumos sacerdotes. Mas Jesus sacrificou-se pelos pecados do povo, uma vez por todas, quando se ofereceu a si mesmo em sacrifício na cruz. 28 Os sumos sacerdotes instituídos pelo antigo sistema da Lei eram homens imperfeitos, mas aquele que Deus mais tarde nomeou com um juramento solene é o seu Filho, perfeito para sempre.

Footnotes

  1. 7.17 Sl 110.4.
  2. 7.21 Sl 110.4.

For this Melchisedec, king of Salem, priest of the most high God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings, and blessed him;

To whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all; first being by interpretation King of righteousness, and after that also King of Salem, which is, King of peace;

Without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life; but made like unto the Son of God; abideth a priest continually.

Now consider how great this man was, unto whom even the patriarch Abraham gave the tenth of the spoils.

And verily they that are of the sons of Levi, who receive the office of the priesthood, have a commandment to take tithes of the people according to the law, that is, of their brethren, though they come out of the loins of Abraham:

But he whose descent is not counted from them received tithes of Abraham, and blessed him that had the promises.

And without all contradiction the less is blessed of the better.

And here men that die receive tithes; but there he receiveth them, of whom it is witnessed that he liveth.

And as I may so say, Levi also, who receiveth tithes, payed tithes in Abraham.

10 For he was yet in the loins of his father, when Melchisedec met him.

11 If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for under it the people received the law,) what further need was there that another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and not be called after the order of Aaron?

12 For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law.

13 For he of whom these things are spoken pertaineth to another tribe, of which no man gave attendance at the altar.

14 For it is evident that our Lord sprang out of Juda; of which tribe Moses spake nothing concerning priesthood.

15 And it is yet far more evident: for that after the similitude of Melchisedec there ariseth another priest,

16 Who is made, not after the law of a carnal commandment, but after the power of an endless life.

17 For he testifieth, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec.

18 For there is verily a disannulling of the commandment going before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof.

19 For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope did; by the which we draw nigh unto God.

20 And inasmuch as not without an oath he was made priest:

21 (For those priests were made without an oath; but this with an oath by him that said unto him, The Lord sware and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec:)

22 By so much was Jesus made a surety of a better testament.

23 And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death:

24 But this man, because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood.

25 Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them.

26 For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens;

27 Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself.

28 For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, maketh the Son, who is consecrated for evermore.

The King of Righteousness(A)

For this (B)Melchizedek, king of Salem, priest of the Most High God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings and blessed him, to whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all, first being translated “king of righteousness,” and then also king of Salem, meaning “king of peace,” without father, without mother, without genealogy, having neither beginning of days nor end of life, but made like the Son of God, remains a priest continually.

Now consider how great this man was, to whom even the patriarch Abraham gave a tenth of the [a]spoils. And indeed (C)those who are of the sons of Levi, who receive the priesthood, have a commandment to receive tithes from the people according to the law, that is, from their brethren, though they have come from the loins of Abraham; but he whose genealogy is not derived from them received tithes from Abraham (D)and blessed (E)him who had the promises. Now beyond all contradiction the lesser is blessed by the better. Here mortal men receive tithes, but there he receives them, (F)of whom it is witnessed that he lives. Even Levi, who receives tithes, paid tithes through Abraham, so to speak, 10 for he was still in the loins of his father when Melchizedek met him.

Need for a New Priesthood(G)

11 (H)Therefore, if perfection were through the Levitical priesthood (for under it the people received the law), what further need was there that another priest should rise according to the order of Melchizedek, and not be called according to the order of Aaron? 12 For the priesthood being changed, of necessity there is also a change of the law. 13 For He of whom these things are spoken belongs to another tribe, from which no man has [b]officiated at the altar.

14 For it is evident that (I)our Lord arose from (J)Judah, of which tribe Moses spoke nothing concerning [c]priesthood. 15 And it is yet far more evident if, in the likeness of Melchizedek, there arises another priest 16 who has come, not according to the law of a fleshly commandment, but according to the power of an endless life. 17 For [d]He testifies:

(K)“You are a priest forever
According to the order of Melchizedek.”

18 For on the one hand there is an annulling of the former commandment because of (L)its weakness and unprofitableness, 19 for (M)the law made nothing [e]perfect; on the other hand, there is the bringing in of (N)a better hope, through which (O)we draw near to God.

Greatness of the New Priest

20 And inasmuch as He was not made priest without an oath 21 (for they have become priests without an oath, but He with an oath by Him who said to Him:

(P)“The Lord has sworn
And will not relent,
‘You are a priest [f]forever
According to the order of Melchizedek’ ”),

22 by so much more Jesus has become a [g]surety of a (Q)better covenant.

23 Also there were many priests, because they were prevented by death from continuing. 24 But He, because He continues forever, has an unchangeable priesthood. 25 Therefore He is also (R)able to save [h]to the uttermost those who come to God through Him, since He always lives (S)to make intercession for them.

26 For such a High Priest was fitting for us, (T)who is holy, [i]harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, (U)and has become higher than the heavens; 27 who does not need daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifices, first for His (V)own sins and then for the people’s, for this He did once for all when He offered up Himself. 28 For the law appoints as high priests men who have weakness, but the word of the oath, which came after the law, appoints the Son who has been perfected forever.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 7:4 plunder
  2. Hebrews 7:13 served
  3. Hebrews 7:14 NU priests
  4. Hebrews 7:17 NU it is testified
  5. Hebrews 7:19 complete
  6. Hebrews 7:21 NU ends the quotation after forever.
  7. Hebrews 7:22 guarantee
  8. Hebrews 7:25 completely or forever
  9. Hebrews 7:26 innocent