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大卫遣使诣哈嫩

19 此后,亚扪人的王拿辖死了,他儿子接续他做王。 大卫说:“我要照哈嫩的父亲拿辖厚待我的恩典,厚待哈嫩。”于是大卫差遣使者为他丧父安慰他。大卫的臣仆到了亚扪人的境内见哈嫩,要安慰他, 亚扪人的首领对哈嫩说:“大卫差人来安慰你,你想他是尊敬你父亲吗?他的臣仆来见你不是为详察窥探,倾覆这地吗?” 哈嫩便将大卫臣仆的胡须剃去一半,又割断他们下半截的衣服,使他们露出下体,打发他们回去。 有人将臣仆所遇的事告诉大卫,他就差人去迎接他们,因为他们甚觉羞耻。告诉他们说:“可以住在耶利哥,等到胡须长起再回来。”

亚扪人备战

亚扪人知道大卫憎恶他们,哈嫩亚扪人就打发人拿一千他连得银子,从美索不达米亚亚兰玛迦琐巴雇战车和马兵。 于是雇了三万二千辆战车和玛迦王并他的军兵,他们来安营在米底巴前。亚扪人也从他们的城里出来,聚集交战。 大卫听见了,就差派约押统带勇猛的全军出去。 亚扪人出来,在城门前摆阵,所来的诸王另在郊野摆阵。

亚兰人与亚扪人败遁

10 约押看见敌人在他前后摆阵,就从以色列军中挑选精兵,使他们对着亚兰人摆阵, 11 其余的兵交于他兄弟亚比筛,对着亚扪人摆阵。 12 约押亚比筛说:“亚兰人若强过我,你就来帮助我;亚扪人若强过你,我就去帮助你。 13 我们都当刚强,为本国的民和神的城邑做大丈夫!愿耶和华凭他的意旨而行。” 14 于是约押和跟随他的人前进攻打亚兰人,亚兰人在约押面前逃跑。 15 亚扪人见亚兰人逃跑,他们也在约押的兄弟亚比筛面前逃跑进城。约押就回耶路撒冷去了。

16 亚兰人见自己被以色列人打败,就打发使者将大河那边的亚兰人调来,哈大利谢的将军朔法率领他们。 17 有人告诉大卫,他就聚集以色列众人,过约旦河,来到亚兰人那里,迎着他们摆阵。大卫既摆阵攻击亚兰人,亚兰人就与他打仗。 18 亚兰人在以色列人面前逃跑,大卫杀了亚兰七千辆战车的人、四万步兵,又杀了亚兰的将军朔法 19 哈大利谢的诸王见自己被以色列人打败,就与大卫和好,归服他。于是亚兰人不敢再帮助亚扪人了。

L’affront des Ammonites(A)

19 Quelque temps après, Nahash, le roi des Ammonites, mourut et son fils régna à sa place. David se dit : Je veux témoigner de la bonté au jeune roi, car son père m’en a témoigné.

David lui envoya donc des messagers, pour lui présenter ses condoléances à l’occasion de la mort de son père. Lorsque les hauts fonctionnaires de David arrivèrent au pays des Ammonites auprès de Hanoun pour lui présenter des condoléances, les dirigeants de ce peuple dirent à Hanoun : Crois-tu que ce soit pour honorer la mémoire de ton père que David t’envoie des gens pour t’adresser des condoléances ? N’est-ce pas plutôt pour reconnaître et espionner le pays afin de le détruire que ces gens sont venus ?

Alors Hanoun fit arrêter les ambassadeurs de David, les fit raser et leur fit couper les habits jusqu’en haut des cuisses, puis il les renvoya. Ils s’en allèrent, mais ils étaient si honteux que lorsqu’on informa David de ce qui s’était passé, il envoya des messagers à leur rencontre pour leur faire dire : Restez à Jéricho, jusqu’à ce que votre barbe ait repoussé ; vous reviendrez ensuite.

La victoire sur les Ammonites et les Syriens

Les Ammonites comprirent qu’ils s’étaient rendus odieux à David. Alors Hanoun et les Ammonites envoyèrent trente tonnes d’argent aux Syriens de Mésopotamie, de Maaka et de Tsoba[a], pour enrôler des soldats sur char et se procurer trente-deux mille chars de guerre. Ils parvinrent aussi à mobiliser le roi de Maaka avec son armée qui vinrent établir leur camp devant Médeba[b]. De leur côté, les Ammonites sortirent de leurs villes, se rassemblèrent et vinrent pour le combat. Quand David l’apprit, il envoya contre eux Joab avec toute l’armée des soldats de métier.

Les Ammonites firent une sortie et se rangèrent en ordre de bataille à l’entrée de leur capitale, tandis que les rois qui étaient venus restaient à part, en rase campagne. 10 Voyant qu’il aurait à faire face sur deux fronts à la fois, devant et derrière lui, Joab sélectionna ses meilleurs soldats et les fit ranger en ordre de bataille, face aux Syriens ; 11 il confia le commandement du reste de l’armée à son frère Abishaï et ils le rangèrent en ordre de bataille pour affronter les Ammonites. 12 Joab dit à son frère : Si tu vois que les Syriens l’emportent sur moi, tu viendras à ma rescousse ; si les Ammonites sont plus forts que toi, c’est moi qui te porterai secours. 13 Bon courage, et luttons vaillamment pour défendre notre peuple et les villes de notre Dieu ! Et que l’Eternel fasse ce qu’il jugera bon !

14 Alors Joab et sa troupe s’avancèrent devant les Syriens pour le combat. Ceux-ci s’enfuirent devant lui. 15 Quand les Ammonites virent que les Syriens avaient pris la fuite, ils s’enfuirent eux aussi devant Abishaï, le frère de Joab, et se retirèrent dans la ville ; et Joab rentra à Jérusalem.

16 Les Syriens, voyant qu’ils avaient été mis en fuite par les Israélites, envoyèrent des messagers pour mobiliser les Syriens établis de l’autre côté de l’Euphrate. Shophak, chef de l’armée de Hadadézer, était à leur tête. 17 Quand David en fut informé, il mobilisa tout Israël, traversa le Jourdain, marcha contre les Syriens et prit position en face d’eux. Il se rangea en ordre de bataille pour les affronter et ceux-ci engagèrent le combat, 18 mais ils furent mis en fuite par les Israélites. David leur tua les soldats de sept mille chars et quarante mille fantassins[c] ; il fit aussi mourir Shophak, leur général en chef. 19 Quand les vassaux de Hadadézer virent qu’ils avaient été battus par Israël, ils firent la paix avec David et lui furent assujettis. Après cela, les Syriens ne voulurent plus venir au secours des Ammonites.

Footnotes

  1. 19.6 Maaka: voir Dt 3.14 ; Jos 12.5 ; 13.13. Tsoba: royaume syrien situé au nord de Damas entre le Liban et l’Anti-Liban sur la frontière nord d’Israël. Saül l’avait déjà combattu (1 S 14.47).
  2. 19.7 Une ville moabite apparemment aux mains des Ammonites.
  3. 19.18 Voir 2 S 10.18 et la note.

War with the Ammonites

19 Some time later,(A) King Nahash of the Ammonites died, and his son became king in his place. Then David said, “I’ll show kindness to Hanun son of Nahash, because his father showed kindness to me.”

So David sent messengers to console him concerning his father. However, when David’s emissaries arrived in the land of the Ammonites to console him, the Ammonite leaders said to Hanun, “Just because David has sent men with condolences for you, do you really believe he’s showing respect for your father? Instead, haven’t his emissaries come in order to scout out, overthrow, and spy on the land?” So Hanun took David’s emissaries, shaved them, cut their clothes in half at the hips, and sent them away.(B)

It was reported to David about his men, so he sent messengers to meet them, since the men were deeply humiliated. The king said, “Stay in Jericho until your beards grow back; then return.”

When the Ammonites realized(C) they had made themselves repulsive to David, Hanun and the Ammonites sent thirty-eight tons[a] of silver to hire chariots and horsemen from Aram-naharaim, Aram-maacah, and Zobah.(D) They hired thirty-two thousand chariots and the king of Maacah with his army, who came and camped near Medeba.(E) The Ammonites also came together from their cities for the battle.

David heard about this and sent Joab and all the elite troops. The Ammonites marched out and lined up in battle formation at the entrance of the city while the kings who had come were in the field by themselves. 10 When Joab saw that there was a battle line in front of him and another behind him, he chose some of Israel’s finest young men[b](F) and lined up in formation to engage the Arameans. 11 He placed the rest of the forces under the command of his brother Abishai. They lined up in formation to engage the Ammonites.

12 “If the Arameans are too strong for me,” Joab said, “then you’ll be my help. However, if the Ammonites are too strong for you, I’ll help you. 13 Be strong! Let’s prove ourselves strong for our people and for the cities of our God.(G) May the Lord’s will be done.”[c]

14 Joab and the people with him approached the Arameans for battle, and they fled before him. 15 When the Ammonites saw that the Arameans had fled, they likewise fled before Joab’s brother Abishai and entered the city. Then Joab went to Jerusalem.

16 When the Arameans realized that they had been defeated by Israel, they sent messengers to summon the Arameans who were beyond the Euphrates River. They were led by Shophach, the commander of Hadadezer’s army.

17 When this was reported to David, he gathered all Israel and crossed the Jordan. He came up to the Arameans and lined up against them. When David lined up to engage them, they fought against him. 18 But the Arameans fled before Israel, and David killed seven thousand of their charioteers and forty thousand foot soldiers. He also killed Shophach, commander of the army. 19 When Hadadezer’s subjects saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they made peace with David and became his subjects. After this, the Arameans were never willing to help the Ammonites again.

Footnotes

  1. 19:6 Lit 1,000 talents
  2. 19:10 Lit Israel’s choice ones
  3. 19:13 Lit the Lord do what is good in his eyes

David Defeats the Ammonites(A)

19 In the course of time, Nahash king of the Ammonites(B) died, and his son succeeded him as king. David thought, “I will show kindness to Hanun son of Nahash, because his father showed kindness to me.” So David sent a delegation to express his sympathy to Hanun concerning his father.

When David’s envoys came to Hanun in the land of the Ammonites to express sympathy to him, the Ammonite commanders said to Hanun, “Do you think David is honoring your father by sending envoys to you to express sympathy? Haven’t his envoys come to you only to explore and spy out(C) the country and overthrow it?” So Hanun seized David’s envoys, shaved them, cut off their garments at the buttocks, and sent them away.

When someone came and told David about the men, he sent messengers to meet them, for they were greatly humiliated. The king said, “Stay at Jericho till your beards have grown, and then come back.”

When the Ammonites realized that they had become obnoxious(D) to David, Hanun and the Ammonites sent a thousand talents[a] of silver to hire chariots and charioteers from Aram Naharaim,[b] Aram Maakah and Zobah.(E) They hired thirty-two thousand chariots and charioteers, as well as the king of Maakah with his troops, who came and camped near Medeba,(F) while the Ammonites were mustered from their towns and moved out for battle.

On hearing this, David sent Joab out with the entire army of fighting men. The Ammonites came out and drew up in battle formation at the entrance to their city, while the kings who had come were by themselves in the open country.

10 Joab saw that there were battle lines in front of him and behind him; so he selected some of the best troops in Israel and deployed them against the Arameans. 11 He put the rest of the men under the command of Abishai(G) his brother, and they were deployed against the Ammonites. 12 Joab said, “If the Arameans are too strong for me, then you are to rescue me; but if the Ammonites are too strong for you, then I will rescue you. 13 Be strong, and let us fight bravely for our people and the cities of our God. The Lord will do what is good in his sight.”

14 Then Joab and the troops with him advanced to fight the Arameans, and they fled before him. 15 When the Ammonites realized that the Arameans were fleeing, they too fled before his brother Abishai and went inside the city. So Joab went back to Jerusalem.

16 After the Arameans saw that they had been routed by Israel, they sent messengers and had Arameans brought from beyond the Euphrates River, with Shophak the commander of Hadadezer’s army leading them.

17 When David was told of this, he gathered all Israel(H) and crossed the Jordan; he advanced against them and formed his battle lines opposite them. David formed his lines to meet the Arameans in battle, and they fought against him. 18 But they fled before Israel, and David killed seven thousand of their charioteers and forty thousand of their foot soldiers. He also killed Shophak the commander of their army.

19 When the vassals of Hadadezer saw that they had been routed by Israel, they made peace with David and became subject to him.

So the Arameans were not willing to help the Ammonites anymore.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Chronicles 19:6 That is, about 38 tons or about 34 metric tons
  2. 1 Chronicles 19:6 That is, Northwest Mesopotamia