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贖愆祭

“贖愆祭的律例是這樣:這祭是至聖的。 人在甚麼地方宰殺燔祭牲,就要在那裡宰殺贖愆祭牲,牠的血要潑在祭壇的四周。 祭司要把祭牲的一切脂肪都獻上,就是肥尾巴和遮蓋內臟的脂肪, 以及兩個腎、腎上近腰旁的脂肪和腎旁的肝葉,一起取下。 然後把這些焚燒在祭壇上,作獻給耶和華的火祭,這是贖愆祭。 祭司家中的男丁,都可以吃祭牲的肉,要在聖潔的地方吃;這是至聖的。 贖罪祭怎樣,贖愆祭也怎樣;兩個祭的律例相同;祭物要歸主持贖罪的祭司, 祭司替人獻燔祭,祭牲的皮要歸獻燔祭的祭司。 一切在爐裡烤的,或在淺鍋裡或在煎盤上做的素祭,都要歸給那獻祭的祭司。 10 一切用油調和,或是乾的素祭,都要歸給亞倫所有的子孫,大家均分。

平安祭

11 “獻給耶和華的平安祭的律例是這樣: 12 人若是為感恩獻祭,就要用調油的無酵餅和抹了油的無酵薄餅,以及用油調和了細麵做的餅,與感恩祭一同獻上。 13 他要把他的供物,連同有酵的餅,跟那為感恩而獻的平安祭,一起獻上。 14 他要從各物中,取出一個餅作為舉祭,獻給耶和華,歸給那潑平安祭牲之血的祭司。

15 “為感恩而獻的平安祭的肉,只能在獻祭那日吃,一點也不可留到早晨。 16 他獻的供物若是還願祭,或是甘心祭,獻祭那日可以吃;剩下的,第二天也可以吃。 17 還剩下的祭肉,到了第三天,就要用火燒掉。 18 如果在第三天吃平安祭的肉,必不蒙悅納,他獻上的也不再算為祭,因為祭肉已經成為不潔;吃這肉的人,必擔當自己的罪責。

19 “祭肉若是接觸了任何不潔,就不可以吃,要用火燒掉。潔淨的人才可以吃祭肉; 20 身上不潔淨的人吃了獻與耶和華的平安祭的祭肉,那人必從自己的族人中被剪除。 21 人若是摸了任何不潔,或是人的污穢,或是牲畜的污穢,或是任何不潔淨的可憎之物,然後吃獻給耶和華的平安祭的肉,那人必從自己的族人中被剪除。”

22 耶和華對摩西說: 23 “你要告訴以色列人說:所有公牛、綿羊或是山羊的脂肪,你們都不可吃。 24 自死的或被野獸撕裂的動物的脂肪,可以作別的用途,只是你們決不可吃。 25 因為無論何人吃了獻給耶和華為火祭的牲畜的脂肪,那吃的人就必從自己的族人中被剪除。 26 在你們的一切住處,任何血,無論是飛鳥或是牲畜的,你們都不可吃。 27 無論誰吃了甚麼血,那人必從自己的族人中被剪除。”

祭司的分與權利

28 耶和華對摩西說: 29 “你要告訴以色列人:向耶和華獻平安祭的,必須從他的平安祭中取出奉給耶和華的供物。 30 親手把獻給耶和華的火祭帶來,就是把脂肪連胸帶來,在耶和華面前搖一搖,作為搖祭。 31 祭司要把脂肪焚燒在祭壇上,胸歸給亞倫和他的子孫。 32 你們要從平安祭牲中,拿右後腿來作舉祭,奉給祭司。 33 亞倫的子孫中,誰獻平安祭牲的血和脂肪,右後腿就歸給他,是他的分。 34 因為我從以色列人的平安祭中,取出了這搖祭的胸和舉祭的後腿,給亞倫祭司和他的子孫,成為以色列人中永遠的律例。

35 “這是亞倫和他子孫,從奉獻他們作耶和華的祭司那日開始,受膏立應得的分。 36 就是耶和華膏立他們的時候,命令以色列人給他們的。這是世世代代永遠的律例。”

結語

37 以上關於燔祭、素祭、贖罪祭、贖愆祭、承受聖職祭和平安祭的律例, 38 都是耶和華在西奈山吩咐摩西的,就是他在西奈的曠野吩咐以色列人,把他們的供物獻給耶和華的時候所說的。

The Guilt Offering

“‘These are the regulations for the guilt offering,(A) which is most holy: The guilt offering is to be slaughtered in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered, and its blood is to be splashed against the sides of the altar. All its fat(B) shall be offered: the fat tail and the fat that covers the internal organs, both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the long lobe of the liver, which is to be removed with the kidneys.(C) The priest shall burn them on the altar(D) as a food offering presented to the Lord. It is a guilt offering. Any male in a priest’s family may eat it,(E) but it must be eaten in the sanctuary area; it is most holy.(F)

“‘The same law applies to both the sin offering[a](G) and the guilt offering:(H) They belong to the priest(I) who makes atonement with them.(J) The priest who offers a burnt offering for anyone may keep its hide(K) for himself. Every grain offering baked in an oven(L) or cooked in a pan(M) or on a griddle(N) belongs to the priest who offers it, 10 and every grain offering, whether mixed with olive oil or dry, belongs equally to all the sons of Aaron.

The Fellowship Offering

11 “‘These are the regulations for the fellowship offering anyone may present to the Lord:

12 “‘If they offer it as an expression of thankfulness, then along with this thank offering(O) they are to offer thick loaves(P) made without yeast(Q) and with olive oil mixed in, thin loaves(R) made without yeast and brushed with oil,(S) and thick loaves of the finest flour well-kneaded and with oil mixed in. 13 Along with their fellowship offering of thanksgiving(T) they are to present an offering with thick loaves of bread made with yeast.(U) 14 They are to bring one of each kind as an offering, a contribution to the Lord; it belongs to the priest who splashes the blood of the fellowship offering against the altar. 15 The meat of their fellowship offering of thanksgiving must be eaten on the day it is offered; they must leave none of it till morning.(V)

16 “‘If, however, their offering is the result of a vow(W) or is a freewill offering,(X) the sacrifice shall be eaten on the day they offer it, but anything left over may be eaten on the next day.(Y) 17 Any meat of the sacrifice left over till the third day must be burned up.(Z) 18 If any meat of the fellowship offering(AA) is eaten on the third day, the one who offered it will not be accepted.(AB) It will not be reckoned(AC) to their credit, for it has become impure; the person who eats any of it will be held responsible.(AD)

19 “‘Meat that touches anything ceremonially unclean must not be eaten; it must be burned up. As for other meat, anyone ceremonially clean may eat it. 20 But if anyone who is unclean(AE) eats any meat of the fellowship offering belonging to the Lord, they must be cut off from their people.(AF) 21 Anyone who touches something unclean(AG)—whether human uncleanness or an unclean animal or any unclean creature that moves along the ground[b]—and then eats any of the meat of the fellowship offering belonging to the Lord must be cut off from their people.’”

Eating Fat and Blood Forbidden

22 The Lord said to Moses, 23 “Say to the Israelites: ‘Do not eat any of the fat of cattle, sheep or goats.(AH) 24 The fat of an animal found dead or torn by wild animals(AI) may be used for any other purpose, but you must not eat it. 25 Anyone who eats the fat of an animal from which a food offering may be[c] presented to the Lord must be cut off from their people. 26 And wherever you live, you must not eat the blood(AJ) of any bird or animal. 27 Anyone who eats blood(AK) must be cut off from their people.’”

The Priests’ Share

28 The Lord said to Moses, 29 “Say to the Israelites: ‘Anyone who brings a fellowship offering to the Lord is to bring part of it as their sacrifice to the Lord. 30 With their own hands they are to present the food offering to the Lord; they are to bring the fat, together with the breast, and wave the breast before the Lord as a wave offering.(AL) 31 The priest shall burn the fat on the altar,(AM) but the breast belongs to Aaron and his sons.(AN) 32 You are to give the right thigh of your fellowship offerings to the priest as a contribution.(AO) 33 The son of Aaron who offers the blood and the fat of the fellowship offering shall have the right thigh as his share. 34 From the fellowship offerings of the Israelites, I have taken the breast that is waved and the thigh(AP) that is presented and have given them to Aaron the priest and his sons(AQ) as their perpetual share from the Israelites.’”

35 This is the portion of the food offerings presented to the Lord that were allotted to Aaron and his sons on the day they were presented to serve the Lord as priests. 36 On the day they were anointed,(AR) the Lord commanded that the Israelites give this to them as their perpetual share for the generations to come.

37 These, then, are the regulations for the burnt offering,(AS) the grain offering,(AT) the sin offering, the guilt offering, the ordination offering(AU) and the fellowship offering, 38 which the Lord gave Moses(AV) at Mount Sinai(AW) in the Desert of Sinai on the day he commanded the Israelites to bring their offerings to the Lord.(AX)

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 7:7 Or purification offering; also in verse 37
  2. Leviticus 7:21 A few Hebrew manuscripts, Samaritan Pentateuch, Syriac and Targum (see 5:2); most Hebrew manuscripts any unclean, detestable thing
  3. Leviticus 7:25 Or offering is

Likewise this is the law of the trespass offering: it is most holy.

In the place where they kill the burnt offering shall they kill the trespass offering: and the blood thereof shall he sprinkle round about upon the altar.

And he shall offer of it all the fat thereof; the rump, and the fat that covereth the inwards,

And the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the flanks, and the caul that is above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away:

And the priest shall burn them upon the altar for an offering made by fire unto the Lord: it is a trespass offering.

Every male among the priests shall eat thereof: it shall be eaten in the holy place: it is most holy.

As the sin offering is, so is the trespass offering: there is one law for them: the priest that maketh atonement therewith shall have it.

And the priest that offereth any man's burnt offering, even the priest shall have to himself the skin of the burnt offering which he hath offered.

And all the meat offering that is baken in the oven, and all that is dressed in the fryingpan, and in the pan, shall be the priest's that offereth it.

10 And every meat offering, mingled with oil, and dry, shall all the sons of Aaron have, one as much as another.

11 And this is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which he shall offer unto the Lord.

12 If he offer it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes mingled with oil, of fine flour, fried.

13 Besides the cakes, he shall offer for his offering leavened bread with the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offerings.

14 And of it he shall offer one out of the whole oblation for an heave offering unto the Lord, and it shall be the priest's that sprinkleth the blood of the peace offerings.

15 And the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten the same day that it is offered; he shall not leave any of it until the morning.

16 But if the sacrifice of his offering be a vow, or a voluntary offering, it shall be eaten the same day that he offereth his sacrifice: and on the morrow also the remainder of it shall be eaten:

17 But the remainder of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burnt with fire.

18 And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings be eaten at all on the third day, it shall not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed unto him that offereth it: it shall be an abomination, and the soul that eateth of it shall bear his iniquity.

19 And the flesh that toucheth any unclean thing shall not be eaten; it shall be burnt with fire: and as for the flesh, all that be clean shall eat thereof.

20 But the soul that eateth of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, that pertain unto the Lord, having his uncleanness upon him, even that soul shall be cut off from his people.

21 Moreover the soul that shall touch any unclean thing, as the uncleanness of man, or any unclean beast, or any abominable unclean thing, and eat of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which pertain unto the Lord, even that soul shall be cut off from his people.

22 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

23 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, Ye shall eat no manner of fat, of ox, or of sheep, or of goat.

24 And the fat of the beast that dieth of itself, and the fat of that which is torn with beasts, may be used in any other use: but ye shall in no wise eat of it.

25 For whosoever eateth the fat of the beast, of which men offer an offering made by fire unto the Lord, even the soul that eateth it shall be cut off from his people.

26 Moreover ye shall eat no manner of blood, whether it be of fowl or of beast, in any of your dwellings.

27 Whatsoever soul it be that eateth any manner of blood, even that soul shall be cut off from his people.

28 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

29 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, He that offereth the sacrifice of his peace offerings unto the Lord shall bring his oblation unto the Lord of the sacrifice of his peace offerings.

30 His own hands shall bring the offerings of the Lord made by fire, the fat with the breast, it shall he bring, that the breast may be waved for a wave offering before the Lord.

31 And the priest shall burn the fat upon the altar: but the breast shall be Aaron's and his sons'.

32 And the right shoulder shall ye give unto the priest for an heave offering of the sacrifices of your peace offerings.

33 He among the sons of Aaron, that offereth the blood of the peace offerings, and the fat, shall have the right shoulder for his part.

34 For the wave breast and the heave shoulder have I taken of the children of Israel from off the sacrifices of their peace offerings, and have given them unto Aaron the priest and unto his sons by a statute for ever from among the children of Israel.

35 This is the portion of the anointing of Aaron, and of the anointing of his sons, out of the offerings of the Lord made by fire, in the day when he presented them to minister unto the Lord in the priest's office;

36 Which the Lord commanded to be given them of the children of Israel, in the day that he anointed them, by a statute for ever throughout their generations.

37 This is the law of the burnt offering, of the meat offering, and of the sin offering, and of the trespass offering, and of the consecrations, and of the sacrifice of the peace offerings;

38 Which the Lord commanded Moses in mount Sinai, in the day that he commanded the children of Israel to offer their oblations unto the Lord, in the wilderness of Sinai.

Likewise this is the Torat HaAsham: it is kodesh kodashim.

In the place where they slaughter (shachat) the olah (burnt offering) shall they slaughter the asham (trespass offering); and the dahm thereof shall he sprinkle around upon the Mizbe’ach.

And he shall offer of it all the chelev thereof; the tail, and the chelev that covereth the innards,

And the two kidneys, and the chelev that is on them, which is on the flanks, and the diaphragm that is above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he remove;

And the kohen shall burn them upon the Mizbe’ach for an offering made by eish unto Hashem; it is an asham (trespass offering).

Every zachar among the kohanim shall eat thereof; it shall be eaten in the makom kadosh; it is kodesh kodashim.

As the chattat (sin offering) is, so is the asham (trespass offering); there is one torah for them both; the kohen that maketh kapporah therewith shall have it.

And the kohen that offereth any man’s olah the kohen shall have for himself the hide of the olah which he hath offered.

And all the minchah that is baked in the oven, and all that is prepared in the deep pan, and in the shallow pan, shall be the kohen’s that offereth it.

10 And every minchah, mixed with shemen, or dry, shall all the Bnei Aharon have, each equal with achiv (his brother).

11 And this is the Torat Zevach HaShelamim, which he shall offer unto Hashem.

12 If he offer it for a todah, then he shall offer with the zevach hatodah challos matzot mixed with shemen, and matzot wafers anointed with shemen, and challos mixed with scalded fine flour mixed with shemen.

13 Besides the challos, he shall offer for his korban lechem chametz with the zevach todah of his shelamim.

14 And of it he shall offer one cake from each korban for a terumah (contribution) unto Hashem, and it shall be the kohen’s that sprinkleth the dahm of the shelamim (peace offerings).

15 And the basar of the zevach todat shelamim of him shall be eaten the same day that it is offered; he shall not leave any of it until the boker.

16 But if the zevach of his korban be a neder, or a nedavah, it shall be eaten the same day that he offereth his zevach; and on the following day also the remainder of it shall be eaten;

17 But the remainder of the basar of the zevach on the yom hashelishi shall be burned with eish.

18 And if any of the basar of the zevach of his shelamim be eaten at all on the yom hashelishi, it shall not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed (credited) unto him that offereth it; it shall be piggul, and the nefesh that eateth of it shall have his avon to bear.

19 And the basar that toucheth any thing tamei shall not be eaten; it shall be burned with eish; and as for the basar, all that be tahor shall eat thereof.

20 But the nefesh that eateth of the basar of the zevach hashelamim, that pertain unto Hashem, having his tumah upon him, even that nefesh shall be cut off from his people.

21 Moreover the nefesh that shall touch any thing tamei, as the tumat adam (uncleanness of man, human contamination), or any behemah temeiah (contaminated animal [carcass]) or sheketz tamei (unclean abomination), and eat of the basar of the zevach hashelamim which pertain unto Hashem, even that nefesh shall be cut off from his people.

22 And Hashem spoke unto Moshe, saying,

23 Speak unto the Bnei Yisroel, saying, Ye shall eat no manner of chelev, of ox, or of sheep, or of goat.

24 And the chelev of the nevelah, the beast that dieth of itself, and the chelev of the terefah, may be used in any other use; but ye shall in no wise eat of it.

25 For whosoever eateth the chelev of the behemah, of which men offer an offering made by eish unto Hashem, even the nefesh that eateth it shall be cut off from his people.

26 Moreover ye shall eat no manner of dahm, whether it be of fowl or of beast, in any of your moshevot (dwellings).

27 Whatsoever nefesh it be that eateth any manner of dahm, even that nefesh shall be cut off from his people.

28 And Hashem spoke unto Moshe, saying,

29 Speak unto the Bnei Yisroel, saying, He that offereth the zevach shelamim of him unto Hashem shall bring his korban unto Hashem of the zevach shelamim of him.

30 His own hands shall bring the offerings of Hashem made by eish, the chelev with the breast, it shall he bring, that the breast may be waved for a tenufah before Hashem.

31 And the kohen shall burn the chelev upon the Mizbe’ach; but the breast shall belong to Aharon and his Banim.

32 And the right thigh shall ye give unto the kohen for a terumah (raised up offering) of the zevakhim of your shelamim.

33 He among the Bnei Aharon, that offereth the dahm hashelamim and the chelev (fat), shall have the right thigh for his part.

34 For the breast of the waving (tenufah) and the thigh of the terumah (raising) I have taken of the Bnei Yisroel from the zevakhim of their shelemim, and have given them unto Aharon the kohen and unto his Banim by a chok olam from among the Bnei Yisroel.

35 This is the anointed portion of Aharon, and the anointed portion of his Banim, out of the offerings of Hashem made by eish, in the day when he presented them to minister unto Hashem in the kohen’s office;

36 Which Hashem commanded to be given them of the Bnei Yisroel, in the day that He anointed them, by a chukkat olam throughout their dorot.

37 This is the torah of the olah (burnt offering), of the minchah (grain offering), and of the chattat (sin offering), and of the asham (trespass offering), and of the ordination offerings, and of the zevach hashelamim (sacrifice of the peace offerings);

38 Which Hashem commanded Moshe on Mt. Sinai, in the day that He commanded the Bnei Yisroel to offer their korbanot unto Hashem, in the Sinai Desert.

The Law of the Trespass Offering

‘Likewise (A)this is the law of the trespass offering (it is most holy): In the place where they kill the burnt offering they shall kill the trespass offering. And its blood he shall sprinkle all around on the altar. And he shall offer from it all its fat. The fat tail and the fat that covers the entrails, the two kidneys and the fat that is on them by the flanks, and the fatty lobe attached to the liver above the kidneys, he shall remove; and the priest shall burn them on the altar as an offering made by fire to the Lord. It is a trespass offering. (B)Every male among the priests may eat it. It shall be eaten in a holy place. (C)It is most holy. (D)The trespass offering is like the sin offering; there is one law for them both: the priest who makes atonement with it shall have it. And the priest who offers anyone’s burnt offering, that priest shall have for himself the skin of the burnt offering which he has offered. Also (E)every grain offering that is baked in the oven and all that is prepared in the covered pan, or [a]in a pan, shall be the priest’s who offers it. 10 Every grain offering, whether mixed with oil or dry, shall belong to all the sons of Aaron, to one as much as the other.

The Law of Peace Offerings

11 (F)‘This is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings which he shall offer to the Lord: 12 If he offers it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer, with the sacrifice of thanksgiving, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, unleavened wafers (G)anointed with oil, or cakes of blended flour mixed with oil. 13 Besides the cakes, as his offering he shall offer (H)leavened bread with the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offering. 14 And from it he shall offer one cake from each offering as a heave offering to the Lord. (I)It shall belong to the priest who sprinkles the blood of the peace offering.

15 (J)‘The flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offering for thanksgiving shall be eaten the same day it is offered. He shall not leave any of it until morning. 16 But (K)if the sacrifice of his offering is a vow or a voluntary offering, it shall be eaten the same day that he offers his sacrifice; but on the next day the remainder of it also may be eaten; 17 the remainder of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day must be burned with fire. 18 And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offering is eaten at all on the third day, it shall not be accepted, nor shall it be (L)imputed to him; it shall be an (M)abomination to him who offers it, and the person who eats of it shall bear [b]guilt.

19 ‘The flesh that touches any unclean thing shall not be eaten. It shall be burned with fire. And as for the clean flesh, all who are [c]clean may eat of it. 20 But the person who eats the flesh of the sacrifice of the peace offering that belongs to the (N)Lord, (O)while he is unclean, that person (P)shall be cut off from his people. 21 Moreover the person who touches any unclean thing, such as (Q)human uncleanness, an (R)unclean animal, or any (S)abominable[d] unclean thing, and who eats the flesh of the sacrifice of the peace offering that belongs to the Lord, that person (T)shall be cut off from his people.’ ”

Fat and Blood May Not Be Eaten

22 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 23 “Speak to the children of Israel, saying: (U)‘You shall not eat any fat, of ox or sheep or goat. 24 And the fat of an animal that dies naturally, and the fat of what is torn by wild beasts, may be used in any other way; but you shall by no means eat it. 25 For whoever eats the fat of the animal of which men offer an offering made by fire to the Lord, the person who eats it shall be cut off from his people. 26 (V)Moreover you shall not eat any blood in any of your dwellings, whether of bird or beast. 27 Whoever eats any blood, that person shall be cut off from his people.’ ”

The Portion of Aaron and His Sons

28 Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 29 “Speak to the children of Israel, saying: (W)‘He who offers the sacrifice of his peace offering to the Lord shall bring his offering to the Lord from the sacrifice of his peace offering. 30 (X)His own hands shall bring the offerings made by fire to the Lord. The fat with the breast he shall bring, that the (Y)breast may be waved as a wave offering before the Lord. 31 (Z)And the priest shall burn the fat on the altar, but the (AA)breast shall be Aaron’s and his sons’. 32 (AB)Also the right thigh you shall give to the priest as a heave offering from the sacrifices of your peace offerings. 33 He among the sons of Aaron, who offers the blood of the peace offering and the fat, shall have the right thigh for his part. 34 For (AC)the breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the heave offering I have taken from the children of Israel, from the sacrifices of their peace offerings, and I have given them to Aaron the priest and to his sons from the children of Israel by a statute forever.’ ”

35 This is the consecrated portion for Aaron and his sons, from the offerings made by fire to the Lord, on the day when Moses presented them to [e]minister to the Lord as priests. 36 The Lord commanded this to be given to them by the children of Israel, (AD)on the day that He anointed them, by a statute forever throughout their generations.

37 This is the law (AE)of the burnt offering, (AF)the grain offering, (AG)the sin offering, (AH)the trespass offering, (AI)the consecrations, and (AJ)the sacrifice of the peace offering, 38 which the Lord commanded Moses on Mount Sinai, on the day when He commanded the children of Israel (AK)to offer their offerings to the Lord in the Wilderness of Sinai.

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 7:9 on a griddle
  2. Leviticus 7:18 his iniquity
  3. Leviticus 7:19 pure
  4. Leviticus 7:21 So with MT, LXX, Vg.; Sam., Syr., Tg. swarming thing (cf. 5:2)
  5. Leviticus 7:35 serve