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利未记 20
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)

各种罪的惩处条例

20 耶和华对摩西说： 2 “你把以下条例告诉以色列人。

“在你们或寄居在你们中间的外族人中，如果有人把子女献给假神摩洛，必须处死他，当地的人要用石头打死他。 3 我也必严惩那人，将他从民中铲除。因为他把子女献给摩洛，玷污我的圣所，亵渎我的圣名。 4 如果那地方的人对此置之不理，没有处死那人， 5 我必严惩那人一家，从民中铲除他和那些追随他与摩洛苟合的人。 6 如果有人求问灵媒或巫师，与他们苟合，我必严惩，将他从民中铲除。 7 你们要洁净自己，做圣洁的人，因为我是你们的上帝耶和华。 8 你们要遵行我的律例。我是使你们圣洁的耶和华。

9 “咒骂父母的，必被处死。他咒骂父母，必须承担自己的罪。 10 如果有人与别人的妻子通奸，奸夫淫妇必须被处死。 11 如果有人与父亲的妻妾同寝，就是羞辱他的父亲。要把二人处死，他们要承担自己的罪。 12 如果有人与儿媳同寝，二人都必须被处死。他们乱伦，要承担自己的罪。 13 如果男人与男人同寝，好像男人与女人同寝一样，他们的行为可憎，必须被处死。他们要承担自己的罪。 14 如果有人娶妻，又娶岳母，便是大恶。要把他们三人烧死，使你们杜绝这种败坏之事。 15 如果有男人与兽类交合，他和兽都要被处死。 16 如果有女人与兽类交合，女人和兽都要被处死。他们罪有应得，必须被处死。

17 “如果有人娶了同父异母或同母异父的姊妹，这是可耻之事，必须公开铲除他们。他与自己的姊妹乱伦，要承担自己的罪。 18 如果有人与经期的女人同寝，他就暴露了女人的血泉，女人也自露血泉。要将他们二人从民中铲除。 19 不可与姨母或姑母乱伦，因为这是羞辱自己的亲人。二人要承担自己的罪。 20 如果有人与伯母或婶母同寝，就是羞辱他的伯父或叔父。二人要承担自己的罪恶，必无子女而死。 21 如果有人娶兄嫂或弟媳，这是污秽行为，羞辱了自己的兄弟。二人必无儿无女。

22 “你们要遵行我的一切律例和典章，免得我要带你们去的那片土地把你们吐出去。 23 我要在你们面前赶走那片土地上的各族，你们不要随从他们的习俗。他们做了以上那些事，所以我厌恶他们。 24 我曾说你们必占据他们的土地，我要把那片奶蜜之乡赐给你们作产业。我是你们的上帝耶和华，我已经把你们跟万族分开。 25 所以，你们要区分洁净和不洁净的兽类与鸟类。不可吃那些我视为不洁净的飞禽、走兽和爬虫，以免玷污自己。 26 你们要圣洁，因为我耶和华是圣洁的。我把你们跟万族分开，使你们做我的子民。 27 如果有人做灵媒或巫师，不论男女，都必须被处死。你们要用石头打死他们，使他们承担自己的罪。”

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利未記 20
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Traditional)

各種罪的懲處條例

20 耶和華對摩西說： 2 「你把以下條例告訴以色列人。

「在你們或寄居在你們中間的外族人中，如果有人把子女獻給假神摩洛，必須處死他，當地的人要用石頭打死他。 3 我也必嚴懲那人，將他從民中剷除。因為他把子女獻給摩洛，玷污我的聖所，褻瀆我的聖名。 4 如果那地方的人對此置之不理，沒有處死那人， 5 我必嚴懲那人一家，從民中剷除他和那些追隨他與摩洛苟合的人。 6 如果有人求問靈媒或巫師，與他們苟合，我必嚴懲，將他從民中剷除。 7 你們要潔淨自己，做聖潔的人，因為我是你們的上帝耶和華。 8 你們要遵行我的律例。我是使你們聖潔的耶和華。

9 「咒罵父母的，必被處死。他咒罵父母，必須承擔自己的罪。 10 如果有人與別人的妻子通姦，姦夫淫婦必須被處死。 11 如果有人與父親的妻妾同寢，就是羞辱他的父親。要把二人處死，他們要承擔自己的罪。 12 如果有人與兒媳同寢，二人都必須被處死。他們亂倫，要承擔自己的罪。 13 如果男人與男人同寢，好像男人與女人同寢一樣，他們的行為可憎，必須被處死。他們要承擔自己的罪。 14 如果有人娶妻，又娶岳母，便是大惡。要把他們三人燒死，使你們杜絕這種敗壞之事。 15 如果有男人與獸類交合，他和獸都要被處死。 16 如果有女人與獸類交合，女人和獸都要被處死。他們罪有應得，必須被處死。

17 「如果有人娶了同父異母或同母異父的姊妹，這是可恥之事，必須公開剷除他們。他與自己的姊妹亂倫，要承擔自己的罪。 18 如果有人與經期的女人同寢，他就暴露了女人的血泉，女人也自露血泉。要將他們二人從民中剷除。 19 不可與姨母或姑母亂倫，因為這是羞辱自己的親人。二人要承擔自己的罪。 20 如果有人與伯母或嬸母同寢，就是羞辱他的伯父或叔父。二人要承擔自己的罪惡，必無子女而死。 21 如果有人娶兄嫂或弟媳，這是污穢行為，羞辱了自己的兄弟。二人必無兒無女。

22 「你們要遵行我的一切律例和典章，免得我要帶你們去的那片土地把你們吐出去。 23 我要在你們面前趕走那片土地上的各族，你們不要隨從他們的習俗。他們做了以上那些事，所以我厭惡他們。 24 我曾說你們必佔據他們的土地，我要把那片奶蜜之鄉賜給你們作產業。我是你們的上帝耶和華，我已經把你們跟萬族分開。 25 所以，你們要區分潔淨和不潔淨的獸類與鳥類。不可吃那些我視為不潔淨的飛禽、走獸和爬蟲，以免玷污自己。 26 你們要聖潔，因為我耶和華是聖潔的。我把你們跟萬族分開，使你們做我的子民。 27 如果有人做靈媒或巫師，不論男女，都必須被處死。你們要用石頭打死他們，使他們承擔自己的罪。」

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Leviticus 20
New English Translation

Prohibitions against Illegitimate Family Worship

20 The Lord spoke to Moses: 2 “You are to say to the Israelites, ‘Any man from the Israelites (or any of the resident foreigners[a] who live in Israel) who gives any of his children[b] to Molech[c] must be put to death; the people of the land must pelt him with stones.[d] 3 I myself will set my face[e] against that man and cut him off from the midst of his people,[f] because he has given some of his children to Molech and thereby defiled my sanctuary and profaned my holy name.[g] 4 If, however, the people of the land shut their eyes[h] to that man[i] when he gives some of his children to Molech so that they do not put him to death, 5 I myself will set my face against that man and his clan. I will cut off from the midst of the people both him and all who follow after him in spiritual prostitution,[j] committing prostitution by worshiping Molech.[k]

Prohibition against Spiritists and Mediums[l]

6 “‘The person who turns to the spirits of the dead and familiar spirits[m] to commit prostitution by going after them, I will set my face[n] against that person and cut him off from the midst of his people.

Exhortation to Holiness and Obedience

7 “‘You must sanctify yourselves and be holy, because I am the Lord your God. 8 You must be sure to obey my statutes.[o] I am the Lord who sanctifies you.

Family Life and Sexual Prohibitions[p]

9 “‘If anyone[q] curses his father or mother[r] he must be put to death. He has cursed his father or mother; his blood guilt is on himself.[s] 10 If a man[t] commits adultery with his neighbor’s wife,[u] both the adulterer and the adulteress must be put to death. 11 If a man goes to bed with[v] his father’s wife, he has exposed his father’s nakedness.[w] Both of them must be put to death; their blood guilt is on themselves.[x] 12 If a man goes to bed[y] with his daughter-in-law, both of them must be put to death. They have committed perversion;[z] their blood guilt is on themselves. 13 If a man goes to bed with[aa] a male as one goes to bed with a woman,[ab] the two of them have committed an abomination. They must be put to death; their blood guilt is on themselves. 14 If a man has marital relations with both a woman and her mother,[ac] it is lewdness.[ad] Both he and they must be burned to death,[ae] so there is no lewdness in your midst. 15 If a man has sexual relations[af] with any animal, he must be put to death, and you must kill the animal. 16 If a woman approaches any animal to copulate with it, you must kill the woman, and the animal must be put to death; their blood guilt is on themselves.

17 “‘If a man has marital relations with[ag] his sister, whether the daughter of his father or of his mother, so that he sees her nakedness and she sees his nakedness, it is a disgrace. They must be cut off in the sight of the children of their people.[ah] He has exposed his sister’s nakedness; he will bear his punishment for iniquity.[ai] 18 If a man goes to bed[aj] with a menstruating woman and uncovers her nakedness, he has laid bare her fountain of blood and she has exposed the fountain of her blood, so both of them[ak] must be cut off from the midst of their people. 19 You must not expose the nakedness of your mother’s sister or your father’s sister, for such a person has exposed his own close relative.[al] They must bear their punishment for iniquity.[am] 20 If a man goes to bed[an] with his aunt, he has exposed his uncle’s nakedness; they must bear responsibility for their sin, they will die childless. 21 If a man has marital relations with[ao] his brother’s wife, it is indecency. He has exposed his brother’s nakedness;[ap] they will be childless.

Exhortation to Holiness and Obedience

22 “‘You must be sure to obey all my statutes and regulations,[aq] so that[ar] the land to which I am about to bring you to take up residence does not vomit you out. 23 You must not walk in the statutes of the nations[as] which I am about to drive out before you, because they have done all these things and I am filled with disgust against them. 24 So I have said to you: You yourselves will possess their land and I myself will give it to you for a possession, a land flowing with milk and honey. I am the Lord your God who has set you apart from the other peoples.[at] 25 Therefore you must distinguish[au] between the clean animal and the unclean, and between the unclean bird and the clean, and you must not make yourselves detestable by means of an animal or bird or anything that creeps on the ground—creatures[av] I have distinguished for you as unclean.[aw] 26 You must be holy to me because I, the Lord, am holy, and I have set you apart from the other peoples to be mine.

Prohibition against Spiritists and Mediums

27 “‘A man or woman who[ax] has in them a spirit of the dead or a familiar spirit[ay] must be put to death. They must pelt them with stones;[az] their blood guilt is on themselves.’”

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 20:2 tn The noun “foreigner” (גֵּר; ger) is based on the same verbal root as “lives” (גּוּר; gur), which means “to sojourn, to dwell as an alien.” On the Hebrew ger (גֵּר) “resident foreigner” see notes at Exod 12:19 and Deut 29:11.
  2. Leviticus 20:2 tn Heb “his seed” (so KJV, ASV); likewise in vv. 3-4.
  3. Leviticus 20:2 tn Regarding Molech and Molech worship see the note on Lev 18:21.
  4. Leviticus 20:2 tn This is not the most frequently-used Hebrew verb for stoning (see instead סָקַל, saqal), but a word that refers to the action of throwing, slinging, or pelting someone with stones (רָגָם, ragam; see HALOT 1187 s.v. רגם qal.a, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 136).
  5. Leviticus 20:3 tn Heb “And I, I shall give my faces.”
  6. Leviticus 20:3 sn On the “cut off” penalty see the notes on Lev 7:20 and 17:4.
  7. Leviticus 20:3 tn Heb “for the sake of defiling my sanctuary and to profane my holy name.”
  8. Leviticus 20:4 tn Heb “And if shutting [infinitive absolute] they shut [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.
  9. Leviticus 20:4 tn Heb “from that man” (so ASV); NASB “disregard that man.”
  10. Leviticus 20:5 tn The adjective “spiritual” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that this is not a reference to literal prostitution, but figuratively compares idolatry to prostitution.
  11. Leviticus 20:5 tn Heb “to commit harlotry after Molech.” The translation employs “worshiping” here for clarity (cf. NAB, NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT). On the “cut off” penalty see the note on Lev 7:20.
  12. Leviticus 20:6 sn For structure and coherence in Lev 20:6-27 see the note on v. 27 below.
  13. Leviticus 20:6 tn See the note on the phrase “familiar spirits” in Lev 19:31 above.
  14. Leviticus 20:6 tn Heb “I will give my faces.”
  15. Leviticus 20:8 tn Heb “And you shall keep my statutes and you shall do them.” This appears to be a kind of verbal hendiadys, where the first verb is a modifier of the action of the second verb (see GKC 386 §120.d, although שָׁמַר [shamar, “to keep”] is not cited there; cf. Lev 22:31, etc.).
  16. Leviticus 20:9 sn Compare the regulations in Lev 18:6-23.
  17. Leviticus 20:9 tn Heb “If a man a man who.”
  18. Leviticus 20:9 tn Heb “makes light of his father and his mother.” Almost all English versions render this as some variation of “curses his father or mother.”
  19. Leviticus 20:9 tn Heb “his blood [plural] is in him.” Cf. NAB “he has forfeited his life”; TEV “is responsible for his own death.”sn The rendering “blood guilt” refers to the fact that the shedding of blood brings guilt on those who shed it illegitimately (even the blood of animals shed illegitimately, Lev 17:4; cf. the background of Gen 4:10-11). If the community performs a legitimate execution, however, the blood guilt rests on the person who has been legitimately executed (see the remarks and literature cited in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 328).
  20. Leviticus 20:10 tn Heb “And a man who.” The syntax here and at the beginning of the following verses elliptically mirrors that of v. 9, which justifies the rendering as a conditional clause.
  21. Leviticus 20:10 tc The reading of the LXX minuscule mss has been followed here (see the BHS footnote a-a). The MT has a dittography, repeating “a man who commits adultery with the wife of” (see the explanation in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 328). The duplication found in the MT is reflected in some English versions, e.g., KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV.
  22. Leviticus 20:11 tn Heb “lies down with.” The verb שָׁכַב (shakav) “to lie down” acts as a euphemism, implying going to bed for sexual relations.
  23. Leviticus 20:11 sn See the note on Lev 18:7 above.
  24. Leviticus 20:11 tn See the note on v. 9 above.
  25. Leviticus 20:12 tn Heb “lies down with.” See note at v. 11.
  26. Leviticus 20:12 tn The Hebrew term תֶּבֶל (tevel, “perversion”) derives from the verb “to mix; to confuse” (cf. KJV, ASV “they have wrought confusion”).
  27. Leviticus 20:13 tn Heb “lies down with.” See note at v. 11.
  28. Leviticus 20:13 tn Heb “[as the] lyings of a woman.” The specific reference here is to homosexual intercourse between males.
  29. Leviticus 20:14 tn Heb “takes a woman and her mother.” The verb לָקַח (laqakh) is sometimes used idiomatically with אִשָּׁה (ʾishah) to mean “take a wife,” or “marry,” and may mean that here (cf. NIV, NASB). But the same expression in v. 21 probably does not imply marriage itself, but only the sexual act of marriage. This chapter uses different expressions for sexual relations, though the subtleties for exegesis are not clear. Since this Hebrew expression can imply marriage, the translation uses “marital relations” as the metaphor in vv. 14, 17, and 21.
  30. Leviticus 20:14 tn Regarding “lewdness,” see the note on Lev 18:17 above.
  31. Leviticus 20:14 tn Heb “in fire they shall burn him and them.” The active plural verb sometimes requires a passive translation (GKC 460 §144.f, g), esp. when no active plural subject has been expressed in the context. The present translation specifies “burned to death” because the traditional rendering “burnt with fire” (KJV, ASV; NASB “burned with fire”) could be understood to mean “branded” or otherwise burned, but not fatally.
  32. Leviticus 20:15 tn See the note on Lev 18:20 above.
  33. Leviticus 20:17 tn The Hebrew verb לָקַח (laqakh) “to take” sometimes means to take a woman in marriage (cf. Gen 34:16; Lev 20:14; and see HALOT 534 s.v. לקח) as understood by, e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, CEV. It is possible that expression here simply means to have sexual relations, or that it does so in combination with the following two clauses. See note at v. 14.
  34. Leviticus 20:17 tn Regarding the “cut off” penalty, see the note on Lev 7:20.
  35. Leviticus 20:17 tn See the note on Lev 17:16 above.
  36. Leviticus 20:18 tn Heb “lies down with.” See note at v. 11.
  37. Leviticus 20:18 tn Heb “and the two of them.”
  38. Leviticus 20:19 tn Heb “his flesh.”
  39. Leviticus 20:19 tn See the note on Lev 17:16 above.
  40. Leviticus 20:20 tn Heb “lies down with.” See note at v. 11.
  41. Leviticus 20:21 tn Heb “takes.” See notes at vv. 14 and 17. sn It must be assumed that the brother is still alive in this situation, since Deut 25:5 requires a man to marry his brother’s widow and have a child in his brother’s name. It is less clear whether the brother in this case has divorced his wife.
  42. Leviticus 20:21 sn See the note on Lev 18:7 above.
  43. Leviticus 20:22 tn Heb “And you shall keep all my statutes and all my regulations and you shall do them.” This appears to be a kind of verbal hendiadys, where the first verb is a modifier of the action of the second verb (see GKC 386 §120.d, although שָׁמַר [shamar, “to keep”] is not cited there; cf. Lev 22:31, etc.).
  44. Leviticus 20:22 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have resultative force here.
  45. Leviticus 20:23 tc One medieval Hebrew ms, Smr, and all the major ancient versions have the plural “nations.” Some English versions retain the singular (e.g., KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV); others have the plural “nations” (e.g., NAB, NIV) and still others translate as “people” (e.g., TEV, NLT).
  46. Leviticus 20:24 tc Here and with the same phrase in v. 26, the LXX adds “all,” resulting in the reading “all the peoples.”
  47. Leviticus 20:25 tn Heb “And you shall distinguish.” The verb is the same as “set apart” at the end of the previous verse. The fact that God had “set them apart” from the other peoples around them called for them to “distinguish between” the clean and the unclean, etc.
  48. Leviticus 20:25 tn The word “creatures” has been supplied in the translation to make it clear that the following relative clause modifies the animal, bird, or creeping thing mentioned earlier, and not the ground itself.
  49. Leviticus 20:25 tc The MT has “to defile,” but Smr, LXX, and Syriac have “to uncleanness.”
  50. Leviticus 20:27 tc Smr, LXX, Syriac, and some Targum mss have the relative pronoun אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher, “who, which”), rather than the MT’s כִּי (ki, “for, because, that”).
  51. Leviticus 20:27 tn See the note on the phrase “familiar spirit” in Lev 19:31 above.
  52. Leviticus 20:27 tc Smr and LXX have “you [plural] shall pelt them with stones.”tn This is not the most frequently-used Hebrew verb for stoning, but a word that refers to the action of throwing, slinging, or pelting someone with stones (see the note on v. 2 above).sn At first glance Lev 20:27 appears to be out of place but, on closer examination, one could argue that it constitutes the back side of an envelope around the case laws in 20:9-21, with Lev 20:6 forming the front of the envelope (note also that execution of mediums and spiritists by stoning in v. 27 is not explicitly stated in v. 6). This creates a chiastic structure: prohibition against mediums and spiritists (vv. 6 and 27), variations of the holiness formula (vv. 7 and 25-26), and exhortations to obey the Lord’s statutes (and judgments; vv. 8 and 22-24). Again, in the middle are the case laws (vv. 9-21).
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