利未记 11
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)
有关食物的条例
11 耶和华对摩西和亚伦说: 2 “你们把以下条例告诉以色列人。
“地上的动物, 3 凡是蹄子分瓣且反刍的,你们都可以吃。 4 但你们不可吃只有蹄子分瓣或只反刍的动物。骆驼不洁净,因为它虽反刍但蹄子不分瓣; 5 獾不洁净,因为它虽反刍但蹄子不分瓣; 6 野兔不洁净,因为它虽反刍但蹄子不分瓣; 7 猪不洁净,因为它蹄子虽分瓣但不反刍。 8 你们不可吃它们的肉,也不可摸它们的尸体,因为它们对你们来说不洁净。
9 “海洋与河流里的动物,凡有鳍有鳞的,你们都可以吃。 10 但海洋与河流里无鳍无鳞的动物,你们要憎恶。 11 它们都是可憎之物,不可吃它们的肉,也不可摸它们的尸体。 12 水中任何无鳍无鳞的动物,你们都要视为可憎之物。
13 “你们不可吃以下鸟类,要视为可憎之物。它们是雕、胡兀鹫、黑秃鹫、 14 鸢、隼类、 15 乌鸦类、 16 驼鸟、夜鹰、海鸥、鹰类、 17 小鸮、鸬鹚、大鸮、 18 仓鸮、鹈鹕、鱼鹰、 19 鹳、鹭鸟类、戴胜和蝙蝠。
20 “你们要憎恶会飞会爬的昆虫, 21 但可以吃会飞会跳的昆虫, 22 包括蝗虫、蟋蟀和蚱蜢。 23 所有会飞会爬的昆虫,你们要视为可憎之物。
24 “以下的动物会使你们不洁净。任何人接触到它们的尸体,都不洁净,要等到傍晚才能洁净。 25 任何人拿它们的尸体,都必须洗净所穿的衣服,要等到傍晚才能洁净。 26 蹄子不分瓣或不反刍的动物,你们要视为不洁净,碰到它们的人都不洁净。 27 所有以脚掌走路的四足动物,你们要视为不洁净,碰到它们尸体的人都不洁净,要等到傍晚才能洁净。 28 凡拿它们尸体的人都必须洗净所穿的衣服,要等到傍晚才能洁净。你们要视它们为不洁净的动物。
29 “地上不洁净的动物有鼬鼠、老鼠、大蜥蜴、 30 壁虎、巨蜥、小蜥蜴和变色龙。 31 这些爬虫都是不洁净的。任何人碰到它们的尸体,都不洁净,要等到傍晚才能洁净。 32 如果它们的尸体掉在什么东西上,不管是木器、衣物、皮件还是袋子,不管作何用途,都会变得不洁净。要把那东西放在水中,一直到傍晚才能洁净。 33 如果它们的尸体掉在陶器里,陶器里盛的东西都不洁净。你们必须打碎那陶器。 34 陶器里的水如果滴到食物上,食物就不洁净;如果滴到盛饮料的器皿里,饮料也不洁净。 35 它们的尸体无论掉在什么东西上,那东西都不洁净,无论是炉是锅都要打碎。 36 如果它们的尸体掉进水泉或储水池里,水泉和储水池仍然是洁净的,但碰到尸体的人是不洁净的。 37 如果它们的尸体接触到将要播撒的种子,种子仍是洁净的。 38 但如果它们的尸体碰到泡过水的种子,种子就不洁净。
39 “一只可以食用的动物死后,任何人如果碰到它的尸体,都不洁净,要等到傍晚才能洁净。 40 任何人如果吃它的肉,或拿它的尸体,都必须洗净衣服,等到傍晚才能洁净。
41 “所有地上的爬虫都是可憎的,你们不可吃。 42 你们不可吃用肚子、四脚或多脚爬行的动物,这些都是可憎的。 43 你们不可让这些动物玷污自己,使自己不洁净。 44 我是你们的上帝耶和华。你们要分别出来做圣洁的人,因为我是圣洁的。你们不可让地上的爬虫玷污自己。 45 我是耶和华,我带你们离开埃及,为要做你们的上帝。你们要圣洁,因为我是圣洁的。
46 “以上是有关飞禽走兽、水族和地上一切爬虫的条例, 47 使你们可以分清什么是洁净的、什么是不洁净的、什么是可吃的、什么是不可吃的。”
Leviticus 11
The Voice
11 The Eternal One addressed Moses and Aaron again.
Now that Aaron and his sons have been set aside as priests, it is time to instruct them on one of their major duties, that is, helping God’s covenant people understand the difference between purity and impurity. Impurity is a constant challenge and threat to holiness, and God has called His people to be holy. But many actions and circumstances in life put holiness in jeopardy. God knows that His people need help figuring these things out. That’s one of the reasons He sets aside Aaron’s family as priests and gives them these instructions.
It is important to note that purity and impurity, as understood here, are much more than what is sanitary or unsanitary. The ritual purity instructions encompass nearly every aspect of social and religious life in Israel.
Eternal One: 2 Go talk to the Israelites and explain to them which animals of the earth you may and may not eat. 3 You are allowed to eat any animals with split hooves divided into two parts or that chew the cud. 4 But from those animals with split hooves or that chew the cud, you are not allowed to eat camels. Because they only chew the cud and do not have split hooves, camels are impure to you. 5 In the same way, the rock badger chews the cud but does not have split hooves. Therefore, rock badgers are impure to you. 6 Also the hare chews the cud, but it does not have split hooves. Therefore, they are impure to you. 7 The pig has split hooves divided into two parts, but it does not chew the cud. Therefore pigs are impure to you. 8 Do not eat their meat or touch their dead bodies, for they are impure to you.
9 You are certainly allowed to eat these creatures of the water: any fish with fins and scales that swim in the seas or rivers. 10 But any finless or scaleless fish that comes from the abundance of water-life in the seas or rivers, and any other creatures living in the water, are detestable to you. 11 Recognize and treat them for what they are: detestable. You are not allowed to eat their meat, and their dead bodies are repulsive to you. 12 Any finless or scaleless fish or animal or insect in the seas or rivers is detestable to you.
13 Also among the creatures of the air, there are some you should detest as well. Do not eat the eagle, the bearded vulture, or the black vulture, 14 the kite and all kinds of buzzards, 15 any sort of crow, 16 the ostrich, the owl, the seagull, all kinds of hawks, 17 the little owl, the cormorant, the screech owl, 18 the white owl, the pelican, the carrion vulture, 19 the stork, all kinds of herons, the hoopoe, and the bat.
20 Also, any insect that can fly and move around on four legs is detestable. 21 But you are allowed to eat any flying, four-legged insect that has joints above its feet for jumping. 22 You may eat the following insects: locusts, destructive locusts, desert locusts, and grasshoppers. 23 But any other flying, four-legged insects are detestable.
Have you noticed how often faith and food come together? One of the most authentic expressions of our spiritual lives has to do with the table where we gather with family and friends to bless God for the goodness the earth provides. These regulations recorded here helped Israel to maintain its status as God’s chosen and holy people. Kosher laws, as they are called, are unique to Israel’s covenant with the Eternal One. They aren’t God’s laws for everyone; they serve as a cultural boundary-marker indicating what kinds of meat should be eaten.
Eternal One: 24 Also you will become impure until dusk if you touch the carcass of any creature. 25 A person who picks up any part of its carcass must wash his clothes and remain impure until dusk. 26 All animals that do not chew cud or have split hooves that are not in two parts are impure to you. Anyone who has contact with them becomes impure. 27 Also, any four-legged animals that walk on paws are impure to you. Anyone who has contact with their carcasses will be impure until dusk. 28 And anyone who carries their carcass is to wash his clothes and remain impure until dusk. They are impure to you as well.
29 These small creatures that scamper about the earth are impure to you: small rodents, great lizards, 30 geckos, monitor lizards, other lizards, sand reptiles, and chameleons. 31 These small creatures of the earth are impure to you. Anyone who touches their remains will be impure until dusk. 32 If one of the carcasses touches an object you intend to use—such as a piece of wood, an article of clothing, an animal hide, or a sack—then that item is impure and should soak in water until dusk. After that, it will be pure again. 33 If one of the carcasses falls into any container made of clay, the substance within the container will become impure and you should destroy the container. 34 If any food in the container that is ready to eat is touched by water, then the food becomes impure. Any drink from a contaminated container will become impure as well. 35 If any part of a dead body touches something—say, an oven or stove—then that oven or stove must be destroyed. They are impure and will always be impure to you. 36 However if a carcass falls into a spring or a container accumulating water, the water will be ritually pure because it is continually renewed. But the person who pulls the carcass out of the water will be ritually impure. 37 If any part of the dead body has contact with a seed that is to be planted, then the seed remains ritually pure because it is dry. 38 But if the seed becomes wet and any part of a dead body touches it, then the seed is ritually impure.
39 If a clean animal dies naturally, whoever touches the carcass will be impure until dusk. 40 And if anyone eats some of its meat, then that person is to wash his clothes and remain impure until dusk. Anyone who touches the dead body is to wash his clothes and remain impure until dusk.
41 Any swarming creature that scurries along the ground is detestable to you and must not be eaten. Do not consume any of them! 42 Also do not eat any creature that moves on its belly, walks on four legs, or has multiple pairs of feet, for they are detestable to you. 43 Do not defile yourselves by having contact with any of the swarming creatures. Do not become impure by having contact with any of them. 44 For I am the Eternal One, your God. You are to consecrate yourselves and be holy, for I am holy.[a] Do not cause yourselves to become impure by having contact with any swarming creature that crawls along the ground. 45 I am the Eternal One who led you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. Therefore, you are to be holy, for I am holy.[b]
46 So this is God’s instruction concerning animals, birds, creatures that live in the waters, and small creatures that move along the ground, 47 so that the people will be able to distinguish between what animals are ritually acceptable and ritually unacceptable, and what is to be eaten and what is not to be eaten.
Footnotes
Chinese Contemporary Bible Copyright © 1979, 2005, 2007, 2011 by Biblica® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
The Voice Bible Copyright © 2012 Thomas Nelson, Inc. The Voice™ translation © 2012 Ecclesia Bible Society All rights reserved.