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创世记 41
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)

约瑟为法老解梦

41 两年后，法老做了个梦，梦见自己站在尼罗河边， 2 有七头肥美、健壮的母牛从河里上来，在芦苇丛中吃草。 3 随后又有七头丑陋、瘦弱的母牛从河里上来，与那七头母牛一同站在河边。 4 后来，七头丑陋、瘦弱的母牛吃掉了七头肥美、健壮的母牛。这时，法老醒了过来。

5 之后，他又睡着了，又做了个梦。他梦见一株麦子上长了七个饱满的穗子。 6 后来这株麦子上面又长了七个干瘪的穗子，它们被东风吹干了。 7 七个干瘪的穗子吞食了七个饱满的穗子。法老醒过来，原来是一场梦。

8 早上法老心中不安，就派人召来埃及所有的术士和博学之士，把梦告诉他们，可是没有一个人能为他解梦。

9 后来，侍酒总管对法老说：“我今天才想起我的罪过。 10 我从前和膳食总管惹王生气，被王囚禁在护卫长府内的牢里。 11 一天晚上，我俩都做了梦。 12 当时有一个希伯来青年跟我们一起被囚在牢里，他是护卫长的仆人。我们把梦告诉他，他就分别为我们解梦。 13 后来，他为我们解的梦都应验了，我恢复了原职，膳食总管被挂在木头上处死了。”

14 于是，法老派人去召约瑟，他们急忙释放约瑟。约瑟剃头刮脸，更换衣服，去见法老。 15 法老对约瑟说：“我做了一个梦，没有人能为我解梦。我听说你能解梦。” 16 约瑟回答说：“我自己不会解梦，但上帝却能给王圆满的解释。”

17 法老对约瑟说：“我梦见自己站在尼罗河边， 18 有七头肥美、健壮的母牛从河里上来，在芦苇丛中吃草。 19 随后又有七头丑陋、瘦弱的母牛从河里上来，我在埃及从来没有见过有这么丑陋的牛。 20 这些丑陋、瘦弱的母牛吃掉先前的七头肥母牛。 21 可是，它们吃了以后却仍然像以前那么丑陋。这时，我就醒了。 22 后来我又梦见一株麦子，上面长了七个饱满的穗子， 23 接着又长出七个干瘪的穗子， 24 这些干瘪的穗子吞了那七个饱满的穗子。我把梦告诉了术士，却没有人能为我解梦。”

25 约瑟对法老说：“王的梦都是同一个意思，上帝已经借着梦把祂将要做的事指示王了。 26 七头肥美的母牛和七个饱满的穗子都代表七年，是同样的意思。 27 七头瘦弱、丑陋的母牛和七个干瘪、被东风吹干的穗子也代表七年，是七年饥荒。 28 正如我刚才说的，上帝已经把祂将要做的事向王显明了。 29 埃及全境很快会有七年大丰收， 30 随后是七年饥荒肆虐全国，之前的丰收将被忘记。 31 饥荒将非常严重，之前的丰收将荡然无存。 32 王的梦出现了两次，表示上帝的心意已定，上帝必很快成就这事。 33 王应该选一个精明的人，派他治理埃及。 34 王也应该在各地委派官员，在七年丰收期内征收全国出产的五分之一， 35 把在丰年收集的粮食储存在各城，归王管理。 36 这些粮食要留到七年饥荒时用，免得这片土地被饥荒毁灭。”

约瑟做埃及宰相

37 法老和他所有的臣仆都赞同约瑟的建议。 38 法老对臣仆说：“我们哪里找像这样有上帝的灵同在的人呢？” 39 法老对约瑟说：“上帝既然把梦的意思指示给你，可见没人有你这样的见识和智慧。 40 我要派你管理我家，我的人民都要遵从你的命令，只有我权力比你大。” 41 法老又说：“我现在派你治理埃及全国。” 42 于是，法老摘下手上用来盖印的戒指，戴在约瑟的手上，给他穿上细麻袍，把金链戴在他颈上， 43 让他坐在自己的第二辆御车上，并有人在御车前高呼：“跪下！”这样，法老派约瑟治理整个埃及。 44 法老对约瑟说：“我是法老，但没有你的命令，埃及的任何人都不得擅自行事。” 45 法老赐给约瑟一个名字叫撒发那忒·巴内亚，又把安城祭司波提非拉的女儿亚西纳赐给他为妻。约瑟巡视了整个埃及。

46 约瑟三十岁开始为法老效劳，他离开法老去巡视埃及各地。 47 七个丰年之内，埃及粮食大丰收， 48 约瑟收集七个丰年出产的所有粮食，储藏进各城，每一座城附近出产的粮食都存放在本城。 49 约瑟积存了大量五谷，多如海沙，不可胜数。

50 荒年到来前，安城祭司波提非拉的女儿亚西纳给约瑟生了两个儿子。 51 约瑟给长子取名叫玛拿西，因为他说：“上帝使我忘记一切的困苦和我父亲家。” 52 约瑟给次子取名叫以法莲，因为他说：“上帝使我在受苦之地昌盛。”

53 七个丰年结束后， 54 七个荒年接踵而至，正如约瑟所言。各地都有饥荒，只有埃及全国有粮食。 55 后来，埃及全国也闹饥荒，百姓就向法老求粮，法老对他们说：“你们去找约瑟吧，要照他的吩咐做。”

56 饥荒蔓延到整个埃及时，约瑟便开仓卖粮给埃及人。那时，埃及的饥荒非常严重。 57 各国的人都到埃及来向约瑟买粮，因为天下到处都是大饥荒。

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創世記 41
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Traditional)

約瑟為法老解夢

41 兩年後，法老做了個夢，夢見自己站在尼羅河邊， 2 有七頭肥美、健壯的母牛從河裡上來，在蘆葦叢中吃草。 3 隨後又有七頭醜陋、瘦弱的母牛從河裡上來，與那七頭母牛一同站在河邊。 4 後來，七頭醜陋、瘦弱的母牛吃掉了七頭肥美、健壯的母牛。這時，法老醒了過來。

5 之後，他又睡著了，又做了個夢。他夢見一株麥子上長了七個飽滿的穗子。 6 後來這株麥子上面又長了七個乾癟的穗子，它們被東風吹乾了。 7 七個乾癟的穗子吞食了七個飽滿的穗子。法老醒過來，原來是一場夢。

8 早上法老心中不安，就派人召來埃及所有的術士和博學之士，把夢告訴他們，可是沒有一個人能為他解夢。

9 後來，侍酒總管對法老說：「我今天才想起我的罪過。 10 我從前和膳食總管惹王生氣，被王囚禁在護衛長府內的牢裡。 11 一天晚上，我倆都做了夢。 12 當時有一個希伯來青年跟我們一起被囚在牢裡，他是護衛長的僕人。我們把夢告訴他，他就分別為我們解夢。 13 後來，他為我們解的夢都應驗了，我恢復了原職，膳食總管被掛在木頭上處死了。」

14 於是，法老派人去召約瑟，他們急忙釋放約瑟。約瑟剃頭刮臉，更換衣服，去見法老。 15 法老對約瑟說：「我做了一個夢，沒有人能為我解夢。我聽說你能解夢。」 16 約瑟回答說：「我自己不會解夢，但上帝卻能給王圓滿的解釋。」

17 法老對約瑟說：「我夢見自己站在尼羅河邊， 18 有七頭肥美、健壯的母牛從河裡上來，在蘆葦叢中吃草。 19 隨後又有七頭醜陋、瘦弱的母牛從河裡上來，我在埃及從來沒有見過有這麼醜陋的牛。 20 這些醜陋、瘦弱的母牛吃掉先前的七頭肥母牛。 21 可是，牠們吃了以後卻仍然像以前那麼醜陋。這時，我就醒了。 22 後來我又夢見一株麥子，上面長了七個飽滿的穗子， 23 接著又長出七個乾癟的穗子， 24 這些乾癟的穗子吞了那七個飽滿的穗子。我把夢告訴了術士，卻沒有人能為我解夢。」

25 約瑟對法老說：「王的夢都是同一個意思，上帝已經藉著夢把祂將要做的事指示王了。 26 七頭肥美的母牛和七個飽滿的穗子都代表七年，是同樣的意思。 27 七頭瘦弱、醜陋的母牛和七個乾癟、被東風吹乾的穗子也代表七年，是七年饑荒。 28 正如我剛才說的，上帝已經把祂將要做的事向王顯明了。 29 埃及全境很快會有七年大豐收， 30 隨後是七年饑荒肆虐全國，之前的豐收將被忘記。 31 饑荒將非常嚴重，之前的豐收將蕩然無存。 32 王的夢出現了兩次，表示上帝的心意已定，上帝必很快成就這事。 33 王應該選一個精明的人，派他治理埃及。 34 王也應該在各地委派官員，在七年豐收期內徵收全國出產的五分之一， 35 把在豐年收集的糧食儲存在各城，歸王管理。 36 這些糧食要留到七年饑荒時用，免得這片土地被饑荒毀滅。」

約瑟做埃及宰相

37 法老和他所有的臣僕都贊同約瑟的建議。 38 法老對臣僕說：「我們哪裡找像這樣有上帝的靈同在的人呢？」 39 法老對約瑟說：「上帝既然把夢的意思指示給你，可見沒人有你這樣的見識和智慧。 40 我要派你管理我家，我的人民都要遵從你的命令，只有我權力比你大。」 41 法老又說：「我現在派你治理埃及全國。」 42 於是，法老摘下手上用來蓋印的戒指，戴在約瑟的手上，給他穿上細麻袍，把金鏈戴在他頸上， 43 讓他坐在自己的第二輛御車上，並有人在御車前高呼：「跪下！」這樣，法老派約瑟治理整個埃及。 44 法老對約瑟說：「我是法老，但沒有你的命令，埃及的任何人都不得擅自行事。」 45 法老賜給約瑟一個名字叫撒發那忒·巴內亞，又把安城祭司波提非拉的女兒亞西納賜給他為妻。約瑟巡視了整個埃及。

46 約瑟三十歲開始為法老效勞，他離開法老去巡視埃及各地。 47 七個豐年之內，埃及糧食大豐收， 48 約瑟收集七個豐年出產的所有糧食，儲藏進各城，每一座城附近出產的糧食都存放在本城。 49 約瑟積存了大量五穀，多如海沙，不可勝數。

50 荒年到來前，安城祭司波提非拉的女兒亞西納給約瑟生了兩個兒子。 51 約瑟給長子取名叫瑪拿西，因為他說：「上帝使我忘記一切的困苦和我父親家。」 52 約瑟給次子取名叫以法蓮，因為他說：「上帝使我在受苦之地昌盛。」

53 七個豐年結束後， 54 七個荒年接踵而至，正如約瑟所言。各地都有饑荒，只有埃及全國有糧食。 55 後來，埃及全國也鬧饑荒，百姓就向法老求糧，法老對他們說：「你們去找約瑟吧，要照他的吩咐做。」

56 饑荒蔓延到整個埃及時，約瑟便開倉賣糧給埃及人。那時，埃及的饑荒非常嚴重。 57 各國的人都到埃及來向約瑟買糧，因為天下到處都是大饑荒。

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Genesis 41
New English Translation

Joseph’s Rise to Power

41 At the end of two full years[a] Pharaoh had a dream.[b] As he was standing by the Nile, 2 seven fine-looking, fat cows were coming up out of the Nile,[c] and they grazed in the reeds. 3 Then seven bad-looking, thin cows were coming up after them from the Nile,[d] and they stood beside the other cows at the edge of the river.[e] 4 The bad-looking, thin cows ate the seven fine-looking, fat cows. Then Pharaoh woke up.

5 Then he fell asleep again and had a second dream: There were seven heads of grain growing[f] on one stalk, healthy[g] and good. 6 Then[h] seven heads of grain, thin and burned by the east wind, were sprouting up after them. 7 The thin heads swallowed up the seven healthy and full heads. Then Pharaoh woke up and realized it was a dream.[i]

8 In the morning he[j] was troubled, so he called for[k] all the diviner-priests[l] of Egypt and all its wise men. Pharaoh told them his dreams,[m] but no one could interpret[n] them for him.[o] 9 Then the chief cupbearer said to Pharaoh, “Today I recall my failures.[p] 10 Pharaoh was enraged with his servants, and he put me in prison in the house of the captain of the guards—me and the chief baker. 11 We each had a dream one night; each of us had a dream with its own meaning.[q] 12 Now a young man, a Hebrew, a servant[r] of the captain of the guards,[s] was with us there. We told him our dreams,[t] and he interpreted the meaning of each of our respective dreams for us.[u] 13 It happened just as he had said[v] to us—Pharaoh[w] restored me to my office, but he impaled the baker.”[x]

14 Then Pharaoh summoned[y] Joseph. So they brought him quickly out of the dungeon; he shaved himself, changed his clothes, and came before Pharaoh. 15 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I had a dream,[z] and there is no one who can interpret[aa] it. But I have heard about you, that[ab] you can interpret dreams.”[ac] 16 Joseph replied to Pharaoh, “It is not within my power,[ad] but God will speak concerning[ae] the welfare of Pharaoh.”[af]

17 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “In my dream I was standing[ag] by the edge of the Nile. 18 Then seven fat and fine-looking cows were coming up out of the Nile, and they grazed in the reeds.[ah] 19 Then[ai] seven other cows came up after them; they were scrawny, very bad looking, and lean. I had never seen such bad-looking cows[aj] as these in all the land of Egypt! 20 The lean, bad-looking cows ate up the seven[ak] fat cows. 21 When they had eaten them,[al] no one would have known[am] that they had done so, for they were just as bad-looking as before. Then I woke up. 22 I also saw in my dream[an] seven heads of grain growing on one stalk, full and good. 23 Then[ao] seven heads of grain, withered and thin and burned with the east wind, were sprouting up after them. 24 The thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven good heads of grain. So I told all this[ap] to the diviner-priests, but no one could tell me its meaning.”[aq]

25 Then Joseph said to Pharaoh, “Both dreams of Pharaoh have the same meaning.[ar] God has revealed[as] to Pharaoh what he is about to do.[at] 26 The seven good cows represent seven years, and the seven good heads of grain represent seven years. Both dreams have the same meaning.[au] 27 The seven lean, bad-looking cows that came up after them represent seven years, as do the seven empty heads of grain burned with the east wind. They represent[av] seven years of famine. 28 This is just what I told[aw] Pharaoh: God has shown Pharaoh what he is about to do. 29 Seven years of great abundance are coming throughout the whole land of Egypt. 30 But seven years of famine will occur[ax] after them, and all the abundance will be forgotten in the land of Egypt. The famine will devastate[ay] the land. 31 The previous abundance of the land will not be remembered[az] because of the famine that follows, for the famine will be very severe.[ba] 32 The dream was repeated to Pharaoh[bb] because the matter has been decreed[bc] by God, and God will make it happen soon.[bd]

33 “So now Pharaoh should look[be] for a wise and discerning man[bf] and give him authority[bg] over all the land of Egypt. 34 Pharaoh should do[bh] this—he should appoint[bi] officials[bj] throughout the land to collect one-fifth of the produce of the land of Egypt[bk] during the seven years of abundance. 35 They should gather all the excess food[bl] during these good years that are coming. By Pharaoh’s authority[bm] they should store up grain so the cities will have food,[bn] and they should preserve it.[bo] 36 This food should be held in storage for the land in preparation for the seven years of famine that will occur throughout the land of Egypt. In this way the land will survive the famine.”[bp]

37 This advice made sense to Pharaoh and all his officials.[bq] 38 So Pharaoh asked his officials, “Can we find a man like Joseph,[br] one in whom the Spirit of God is present?”[bs] 39 So Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Because God has enabled you to know all this, there is no one as wise and discerning[bt] as you are! 40 You will oversee my household, and all my people will submit to your commands.[bu] Only I, the king, will be greater than you.[bv]

41 “See here,” Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I place[bw] you in authority over all the land of Egypt.”[bx] 42 Then Pharaoh took his signet ring from his own hand and put it on Joseph’s. He clothed him with fine linen[by] clothes and put a gold chain around his neck. 43 Pharaoh[bz] had him ride in the chariot used by his second-in-command,[ca] and they cried out before him, “Kneel down!”[cb] So he placed him over all the land of Egypt. 44 Pharaoh also said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh, but without your permission[cc] no one[cd] will move his hand or his foot[ce] in all the land of Egypt.” 45 Pharaoh gave Joseph the name Zaphenath-Paneah.[cf] He also gave him Asenath[cg] daughter of Potiphera, priest of On,[ch] to be his wife. So Joseph took charge of[ci] all the land of Egypt.

46 Now Joseph was 30 years old[cj] when he began serving[ck] Pharaoh king of Egypt. Joseph was commissioned by[cl] Pharaoh and was in charge of[cm] all the land of Egypt. 47 During the seven years of abundance the land produced large, bountiful harvests.[cn] 48 Joseph[co] collected all the excess food[cp] in the land of Egypt during the seven years and stored it in the cities.[cq] In every city he put the food gathered from the fields around it. 49 Joseph stored up a vast amount of grain, like the sand of the sea,[cr] until he stopped measuring it because it was impossible to measure.

50 Two sons were born to Joseph before the famine came.[cs] Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, was their mother.[ct] 51 Joseph named the firstborn Manasseh,[cu] saying,[cv] “Certainly[cw] God has made me forget all my trouble and all my father’s house.” 52 He named the second child Ephraim,[cx] saying,[cy] “Certainly[cz] God has made me fruitful in the land of my suffering.”

53 The seven years of abundance in the land of Egypt came to an end. 54 Then the seven years of famine began,[da] just as Joseph had predicted. There was famine in all the other lands, but throughout the land of Egypt there was food. 55 When all the land of Egypt experienced the famine, the people cried out to Pharaoh for food. Pharaoh said to all the people of Egypt,[db] “Go to Joseph and do whatever he tells you.”

56 While the famine was over all the earth,[dc] Joseph opened the storehouses[dd] and sold grain to the Egyptians. The famine was severe throughout the land of Egypt. 57 People from every country[de] came to Joseph in Egypt to buy grain because the famine was severe throughout the earth.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 41:1 tn Heb “two years, days.”
  2. Genesis 41:1 tn Heb “was dreaming.”
  3. Genesis 41:2 tn Heb “And look, he was standing by the Nile, and look, from the Nile were coming up seven cows, attractive of appearance and fat of flesh.” By the use of the particle הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”), the narrator invites the audience to see the dream through Pharaoh’s eyes.
  4. Genesis 41:3 tn Heb “And look, seven other cows were coming up after them from the Nile, bad of appearance and thin of flesh.”
  5. Genesis 41:3 tn Heb “the Nile.” This has been replaced by “the river” in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  6. Genesis 41:5 tn Heb “coming up.”
  7. Genesis 41:5 tn Heb “fat.”
  8. Genesis 41:6 tn Heb “And look.”
  9. Genesis 41:7 tn Heb “And look, a dream.”sn Pharaoh’s two dreams, as explained in the following verses, pertained to the economy of Egypt. Because of the Nile River, the land of Egypt weathered all kinds of famines—there was usually grain in Egypt, and if there was grain and water the livestock would flourish. These two dreams, however, indicated that poverty would overtake plenty and that the blessing of the herd and the field would cease.
  10. Genesis 41:8 tn Heb “his spirit.”
  11. Genesis 41:8 tn Heb “he sent and called,” which indicates an official summons.
  12. Genesis 41:8 tn The Hebrew term חַרְטֹם (khartom) is an Egyptian loanword (hyr-tp) that describes a class of priests who were skilled in such interpretations.
  13. Genesis 41:8 tn The Hebrew text has the singular (though Smr reads the plural). If retained, the singular must be collective for the set of dreams. Note the plural pronoun “them,” referring to the dreams, in the next clause. However, note that in v. 15 Pharaoh uses the singular to refer to the two dreams. In vv. 17-24 Pharaoh seems to treat the dreams as two parts of one dream (see especially v. 22).
  14. Genesis 41:8 tn “there was no interpreter.”
  15. Genesis 41:8 tn Heb “for Pharaoh.” The pronoun “him” has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  16. Genesis 41:9 tn Heb “sins, offenses.” He probably refers here to the offenses that landed him in prison (see 40:1).
  17. Genesis 41:11 tn Heb “and we dreamed a dream in one night, I and he, each according to the interpretation of his dream we dreamed.”
  18. Genesis 41:12 tn Or “slave.”
  19. Genesis 41:12 tn Heb “a servant to the captain of the guards.” On this construction see GKC 419-20 §129.c.
  20. Genesis 41:12 tn The words “our dreams” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  21. Genesis 41:12 tn Heb “and he interpreted for us our dreams, each according to his dream he interpreted.”
  22. Genesis 41:13 tn Heb “interpreted.”
  23. Genesis 41:13 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Pharaoh) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  24. Genesis 41:13 tn Heb “him”; the referent (the baker) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  25. Genesis 41:14 tn Heb “and Pharaoh sent and called,” indicating a summons to the royal court.
  26. Genesis 41:15 tn Heb “dreamed a dream.”
  27. Genesis 41:15 tn Heb “there is no one interpreting.”
  28. Genesis 41:15 tn Heb “saying.”
  29. Genesis 41:15 tn Heb “you hear a dream to interpret it,” which may mean, “you only have to hear a dream to be able to interpret it.”
  30. Genesis 41:16 tn Heb “not within me.”
  31. Genesis 41:16 tn Heb “God will answer.”
  32. Genesis 41:16 tn The expression שְׁלוֹם פַּרְעֹה (shelom parʿoh) is here rendered “the welfare of Pharaoh” because the dream will be about life in his land. Some interpret it to mean an answer of “peace”—one that will calm his heart, or give him the answer that he desires (cf. NIV, NRSV, NLT).
  33. Genesis 41:17 tn Heb “In my dream look, I was standing.” The use of the particle הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”) here (and also in vv. 18, 19, 22, 23) invites the hearer (within the context of the narrative, Joseph, but in the broader sense the reader or hearer of the Book of Genesis) to observe the scene through Pharaoh’s eyes.
  34. Genesis 41:18 tn Heb “and look, from the Nile seven cows were coming up, fat of flesh and attractive of appearance, and they grazed in the reeds.”
  35. Genesis 41:19 tn Heb “And look.”
  36. Genesis 41:19 tn The word “cows” is supplied here in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  37. Genesis 41:20 tn Heb “the seven first fat cows.”
  38. Genesis 41:21 tn Heb “when they went inside them.”
  39. Genesis 41:21 tn Heb “it was not known.”
  40. Genesis 41:22 tn Heb “and I saw in my dream and look.”
  41. Genesis 41:23 tn Heb “And look.”
  42. Genesis 41:24 tn The words “all this” have been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  43. Genesis 41:24 tn Heb “and there was no one telling me.”
  44. Genesis 41:25 tn Heb “the dream of Pharaoh is one.”
  45. Genesis 41:25 tn Heb “declared.”
  46. Genesis 41:25 tn The active participle here indicates what is imminent.
  47. Genesis 41:26 tn Heb “one dream it is.”
  48. Genesis 41:27 tn Heb “are.” Another option is to translate, “There will be seven years of famine.”
  49. Genesis 41:28 tn Heb “it is the word that I spoke.”
  50. Genesis 41:30 tn The perfect with the vav consecutive continues the time frame of the preceding participle, which has an imminent future nuance here.
  51. Genesis 41:30 tn The Hebrew verb כָּלָה (kalah) in the Piel stem means “to finish, to destroy, to bring an end to.” The severity of the famine will ruin the land of Egypt.
  52. Genesis 41:31 tn Heb “known.”
  53. Genesis 41:31 tn Or “heavy.”
  54. Genesis 41:32 tn Heb “and concerning the repeating of the dream to Pharaoh two times.” The Niphal infinitive here is the object of the preposition; it is followed by the subjective genitive “of the dream.”
  55. Genesis 41:32 tn Heb “established.”
  56. Genesis 41:32 tn The clause combines a participle and an infinitive construct: God “is hurrying…to do it,” meaning he is going to do it soon.
  57. Genesis 41:33 tn Heb “let Pharaoh look.” The jussive form expresses Joseph’s advice to Pharaoh.
  58. Genesis 41:33 tn Heb “a man discerning and wise.” The order of the terms is rearranged in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  59. Genesis 41:33 tn Heb “and let him set him.”
  60. Genesis 41:34 tn The imperfect verbal form has an obligatory nuance here. Smr has a jussive form here, “and let [Pharaoh] do.”
  61. Genesis 41:34 tn Heb “and let him appoint.” The jussive form expresses Joseph’s advice to Pharaoh.
  62. Genesis 41:34 tn Heb “appointees.” The noun is a cognate accusative of the preceding verb. Since “appoint appointees” would be redundant in English, the term “officials” was used in the translation instead.
  63. Genesis 41:34 tn Heb “and he shall collect a fifth of the land of Egypt.” The language is figurative (metonymy); it means what the land produces, i.e., the harvest.
  64. Genesis 41:35 tn Heb “all the food.”
  65. Genesis 41:35 tn Heb “under the hand of Pharaoh.”
  66. Genesis 41:35 tn Heb “[for] food in the cities.” The noun translated “food” is an adverbial accusative in the sentence.
  67. Genesis 41:35 tn The perfect with vav (ו) consecutive carries the same force as the sequence of jussives before it.
  68. Genesis 41:36 tn Heb “and the land will not be cut off in the famine.”
  69. Genesis 41:37 tn Heb “and the matter was good in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of all his servants.”
  70. Genesis 41:38 tn Heb “like this,” but the referent could be misunderstood to be a man like that described by Joseph in v. 33, rather than Joseph himself. For this reason the proper name “Joseph” has been supplied in the translation.
  71. Genesis 41:38 tn The rhetorical question expects the answer “No, of course not!”
  72. Genesis 41:39 tn Heb “as discerning and wise.” The order has been rearranged in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  73. Genesis 41:40 tn Heb “and at your mouth (i.e., instructions) all my people will kiss.” G. J. Wenham translates this “shall kowtow to your instruction” (Genesis [WBC], 2:395). Although there is some textual support for reading “will be judged, ruled by you,” this is probably an attempt to capture the significance of this word. Wenham lists a number of references where individuals have tried to make connections with other words or expressions—such as a root meaning “order themselves” lying behind “kiss,” or an idiomatic idea of “kiss” meaning “seal the mouth,” and so “be silent and submit to.” See K. A. Kitchen, “The Term Nsq in Genesis 41:40, ” ExpTim 69 (1957): 30; D. S. Sperling, “Genesis 41:40: A New Interpretation,” JANESCU 10 (1978): 113-19.
  74. Genesis 41:40 tn Heb “only the throne, I will be greater than you.”
  75. Genesis 41:41 tn The translation assumes that the perfect verbal form is descriptive of a present action. Another option is to understand it as rhetorical, in which case Pharaoh describes a still future action as if it had already occurred in order to emphasize its certainty. In this case one could translate “I have placed” or “I will place.” The verb נָתַן (natan) is translated here as “to place in authority [over].”
  76. Genesis 41:41 sn Joseph became the grand vizier of the land of Egypt. See W. A. Ward, “The Egyptian Office of Joseph,” JSS 5 (1960): 144-50; and R. de Vaux, Ancient Israel, 129-31.
  77. Genesis 41:42 tn The Hebrew word שֵׁשׁ (shesh) is an Egyptian loanword that describes the fine linen robes that Egyptian royalty wore. The clothing signified Joseph’s rank.
  78. Genesis 41:43 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Pharaoh) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  79. Genesis 41:43 tn Heb “and he caused him to ride in the second chariot which was his.”
  80. Genesis 41:43 tn The verb form appears to be a causative imperative from a verbal root meaning “to kneel.” It is a homonym of the word “bless” (identical in root letters but not related etymologically).
  81. Genesis 41:44 tn Heb “apart from you.”
  82. Genesis 41:44 tn Heb “no man,” but here “man” is generic, referring to people in general.
  83. Genesis 41:44 tn The idiom “lift up hand or foot” means “take any action” here.
  84. Genesis 41:45 sn The meaning of Joseph’s Egyptian name, Zaphenath-Paneah, is uncertain. Many recent commentators have followed the proposal of G. Steindorff that it means “the god has said, ‘he will live’” (“Der Name Josephs Saphenat-Pa‘neach,” ZÄS 31 [1889]: 41-42); others have suggested “the god speaks and lives” (see BDB 861 s.v. צָפְנָת פַּעְנֵחַ); “the man he knows” (J. Vergote, Joseph en Égypte, 145); or “Joseph [who is called] ʾIp-ʿankh” (K. A. Kitchen, NBD3 1262).
  85. Genesis 41:45 sn The name Asenath may mean “she belongs to the goddess Neit” (see HALOT 74 s.v. אָֽסְנַת). A novel was written at the beginning of the first century entitled Joseph and Asenath, which included a legendary account of the conversion of Asenath to Joseph’s faith in Yahweh. However, all that can be determined from this chapter is that their children received Hebrew names. See also V. Aptowitzer, “Asenath, the Wife of Joseph—a Haggadic Literary-Historical Study,” HUCA 1 (1924): 239-306.
  86. Genesis 41:45 sn On (also in v. 50) is another name for the city of Heliopolis.
  87. Genesis 41:45 tn Heb “and he passed through.”
  88. Genesis 41:46 tn Heb “a son of thirty years.”
  89. Genesis 41:46 tn Heb “when he stood before.”
  90. Genesis 41:46 tn Heb “went out from before.”
  91. Genesis 41:46 tn Heb “and he passed through all the land of Egypt”; this phrase is interpreted by JPS to mean that Joseph “emerged in charge of the whole land.”
  92. Genesis 41:47 tn Heb “brought forth by handfuls.”
  93. Genesis 41:48 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Joseph) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  94. Genesis 41:48 tn Heb “all the food.”
  95. Genesis 41:48 tn Heb “of the seven years which were in the land of Egypt and placed food in the cities.”
  96. Genesis 41:49 tn Heb “and Joseph gathered grain like the sand of the sea, multiplying much.” To emphasize the vast amount of grain he stored up, the Hebrew text modifies the verb “gathered” with an infinitive absolute and an adverb.
  97. Genesis 41:50 tn Heb “before the year of the famine came.”
  98. Genesis 41:50 tn Heb “gave birth for him.”
  99. Genesis 41:51 sn The name Manasseh (מְנַשֶּׁה, menasheh) describes God’s activity on behalf of Joseph, explaining in general the significance of his change of fortune. The name is a Piel participle, suggesting the meaning “he who brings about forgetfulness.” The Hebrew verb נַשַּׁנִי (nashani) may have been used instead of the normal נִשַּׁנִי (nishani) to provide a closer sound play with the name. The giving of this Hebrew name to his son shows that Joseph retained his heritage and faith; and it shows that a brighter future was in store for him.
  100. Genesis 41:51 tn The word “saying” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  101. Genesis 41:51 tn Or “for.”
  102. Genesis 41:52 sn The name Ephraim (אֶפְרַיִם, ʾefrayim), a form of the Hebrew verb פָּרָה (parah), means “to bear fruit.” The theme of fruitfulness is connected with this line of the family from Rachel (30:2) on down (see Gen 49:22, Deut 33:13-17, and Hos 13:15). But there is some difficulty with the name “Ephraim” itself. It appears to be a dual, for which F. Delitzsch simply said it meant “double fruitfulness” (New Commentary on Genesis, 2:305). G. J. Spurrell suggested it was a diphthongal pronunciation of a name ending in -an or -am, often thought to be dual suffixes (Notes on the text of the book of Genesis, 334). Many, however, simply connect the name to the territory of Ephraim and interpret it to be “fertile land” (C. Fontinoy, “Les noms de lieux en -ayim dans la Bible,” UF 3 [1971]: 33-40). The dual would then be an old locative ending. There is no doubt that the name became attached to the land in which the tribe settled, and it is possible that is where the dual ending came from, but in this story it refers to Joseph’s God-given fruitfulness.
  103. Genesis 41:52 tn The word “saying” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  104. Genesis 41:52 tn Or “for.”
  105. Genesis 41:54 tn Heb “began to arrive.”
  106. Genesis 41:55 tn Heb “to all Egypt.” The name of the country is used by metonymy for the inhabitants.
  107. Genesis 41:56 tn Or “over the entire land”; Heb “over all the face of the earth.” The disjunctive clause is circumstantial-temporal to the next clause.
  108. Genesis 41:56 tc The MT reads “he opened all that was in [or “among”] them.” The translation follows the reading of the LXX and Syriac versions.
  109. Genesis 41:57 tn Heb “all the earth,” which refers here (by metonymy) to the people of the earth. Note that the following verb is plural in form, indicating that the inhabitants of the earth are in view.
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