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列王纪下 17
Chinese New Version (Simplified)

何细亚作以色列王

17 犹大王亚哈斯在位第十二年，以拉的儿子何细亚在撒玛利亚登基，统治以色列九年。 2 他行耶和华看为恶的事，只是不像他以前的以色列诸王。 3 亚述王撒缦以色上来攻击他，他就臣服于他，并且向他进贡。 4 后来，亚述王发觉何细亚阴谋反叛：他曾派使者去见埃及王梭，并且不再向亚述王献上贡物，像过去每年一样。亚述王就拿住他，把他囚在牢里。

亚述王攻陷撒玛利亚的原因

5 亚述王上来攻击以色列全国各地，并且到撒玛利亚来，围城三年。 6 何细亚在位第九年，亚述王占领了撒玛利亚，把以色列人掳到亚述去，安置他们在哈腊，在哈博河和歌散河一带，以及在玛代人的各城。

7 这是因为以色列人得罪了那曾带领他们从埃及王法老的手下离开埃及的耶和华他们的　神，去敬畏别的神。 8 他们随从耶和华从以色列人面前驱逐的外族人的风俗，以及以色列诸王奉行的风俗。 9 以色列人暗中做了不对的事，违背耶和华他们的　神，并且在他们所有的城市，从哨站到设防城，为他们自己建筑邱坛。 10 又在各高山顶上和每一棵青翠的树下竖立神柱和亚舍拉。 11 他们在各邱坛上献祭和焚香，好象耶和华从他们的面前掳去的外族人一样，又行恶事，使耶和华发怒。 12 他们又服事雕刻的偶像，耶和华曾警告他们不可以行这事。 13 耶和华曾借着他的众先知和先见警告以色列人和犹大人说：“从你们的恶道上转回吧！谨守我的吩咐和我的律例，就是我曾吩咐你们的祖先，和借着我的仆人众先知传递给你们的一切律法。” 14 可是他们不听从，反而硬着自己的颈项，好象他们的祖先，不信服耶和华他们的　神； 15 厌弃他的律例和他与他们的祖先订立的约，以及他对他们的警戒；却信从虚无的神，自己成为虚妄，跟从他们周围的外族人，耶和华曾吩咐他们不可跟从他们的行为。 16 他们丢弃耶和华他们　神的一切吩咐，为自己做了两个牛犊的铸像，又做亚舍拉，并且敬拜天上的万象和服事巴力； 17 他们又把儿女用火烧为祭，并且占卜，行法术，出卖自己去行耶和华看为恶的事，使他发怒。 18 于是耶和华向以色列人大大发怒，把他们从自己面前赶走，只剩下犹大一个支派。

19 连犹大人也不持守耶和华他们的　神的吩咐，随从以色列人所行的习俗。 20 耶和华就厌弃以色列人的后裔，使他们受苦，把他们交在抢掠他们的人的手中，直到把他们从自己的面前完全丢弃。 21 因为他自从使以色列从大卫家分裂出来后，他们就立了尼八的儿子耶罗波安作王，耶罗波安却引诱以色列人不去跟从耶和华，又使他们犯了大罪。 22 以色列人就随从耶罗波安所犯的一切罪恶，总不转离； 23 以致最后耶和华把以色列人从自己的面前赶走，就像他借着自己的仆人众先知所说的。于是以色列人被掳离开自己的国土，往亚述去，直到今日。

亚述安置外族于撒玛利亚

24 亚述王从巴比伦、古他、亚瓦、哈马和西法瓦音带人来，安置在撒玛利亚的城市，代替以色列人。他们就得了撒玛利亚作产业，住在它的城市中。 25 他们开始在那里居住的时候，并不敬畏耶和华，所以耶和华派狮子到他们中间，咬死他们好些人。 26 有人告诉亚述王说：“你所掳去，安置在撒玛利亚各城市的众民族不知道当地的神的规矩，所以他派狮子到他们中间。看哪，狮子咬死他们，因为他们不知道当地的神的规矩。”

27 于是亚述王下令：“我从那里掳来的祭司中，要叫一个回到那里去。他要去住在那里，教导他们当地的神的规矩。” 28 于是从撒玛利亚被掳来的祭司中，有一个回去，住在伯特利，教导他们怎样敬畏耶和华。 29 但各族的人仍然制造自己的神像，安放在撒玛利亚人所造各邱坛的庙中；各族人在他们所居住的城市都这样作。 30 巴比伦人做了疏割．比讷像，古他人做了匿甲像，哈马人做了亚示玛像， 31 亚瓦人做了匿哈和他珥他像，西法瓦音人用火焚烧自己的儿女，献给西法瓦音的神亚得米勒和亚拿米勒。 32 他们也惧怕耶和华，所以从他们中间选立邱坛的祭司，替他们在邱坛的庙里献祭。 33 他们既惧怕耶和华，又服事他们的神；从哪个民族掳来的，就按照哪个民族的习俗服事他们的神。

34 直到今日，他们仍是按照他们初时的习俗去行；他们不敬畏耶和华，行事不按他们的规例和典章，也不按耶和华曾吩咐雅各的子孙的律法和诫命。耶和华曾给雅各起名为以色列。 35 耶和华曾经和他们立约，又吩咐他们说：“你们不可崇敬别的神，不可跪拜他们，不可服事他们，也不可向他们献祭。 36 但那曾用大能和伸出的膀臂把你们从埃及地领出来的耶和华，你们应当敬畏他，跪拜他和向他献祭。 37 他写给你们的律例、典章、律法和诫命，你们要永远谨守遵行，不要崇敬别的神。 38 我和你们所立的约你们不可忘记，不要崇敬别的神。 39 但要敬畏耶和华你们的　神，他必救你们脱离所有仇敌的手。” 40 可是他们没有听从，仍然照着他们起初的习俗去行。 41 这样，这些民族一方面敬畏耶和华；另一方面又继续服事他们的偶像。他们的子子孙孙继续照着他们的祖先所行的去行，直到今日。

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2 Kings 17
New English Translation

Hoshea’s Reign over Israel

17 In the twelfth year of King Ahaz’s reign over Judah, Hoshea son of Elah became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria for nine years. 2 He did evil in the sight of[a] the Lord, but not to the same degree as the Israelite kings who preceded him. 3 King Shalmaneser of Assyria marched up to attack[b] him; so Hoshea became his subject and paid him tribute. 4 The king of Assyria discovered that Hoshea was planning a revolt.[c] Hoshea had sent messengers to King So[d] of Egypt and had not sent his annual tribute to the king of Assyria. So the king of Assyria arrested him and imprisoned him.[e] 5 The king of Assyria marched through[f] the whole land. He attacked Samaria and besieged it for three years. 6 In the ninth year of Hoshea’s reign, the king of Assyria captured Samaria and deported the people of Israel[g] to Assyria. He settled them in Halah, along the Habor (the river of Gozan), and in the cities of the Medes.

A Summary of Israel’s Sinful History

7 This happened because the Israelites sinned against the Lord their God, who brought them up from the land of Egypt and freed them from the power of[h] Pharaoh king of Egypt. They worshiped[i] other gods; 8 they observed the practices[j] of the nations whom the Lord had driven out from before them,[k] and followed the example of the kings of Israel.[l] 9 The Israelites said things about the Lord their God that were not right.[m] They built high places in all their towns, from watchtower to fortified city. 10 They set up sacred pillars and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every green tree. 11 They burned incense on all the high places just like the nations whom the Lord had driven away before them did. Their evil practices made the Lord angry.[n] 12 They worshiped[o] the disgusting idols[p] in blatant disregard of the Lord’s command.[q]

13 The Lord solemnly warned Israel and Judah through all his prophets and all the seers, “Turn back from your evil ways; obey my commandments and rules that are recorded in the law. I ordered your ancestors to keep this law and sent my servants the prophets to remind you of its demands.”[r] 14 But they did not pay attention and were as stubborn as their ancestors,[s] who had not trusted the Lord their God. 15 They rejected his rules, the covenant he had made with their ancestors, and the laws he had commanded them to obey.[t] They paid allegiance to[u] worthless idols, and so became worthless to the Lord.[v] They copied the practices of the surrounding nations in blatant disregard of the Lord’s command.[w] 16 They abandoned all the commandments of the Lord their God; they made two metal calves and an Asherah pole, bowed down to all the stars in the sky,[x] and worshiped[y] Baal. 17 They passed their sons and daughters through the fire,[z] and practiced divination and omen reading. They committed themselves to doing evil in the sight of the Lord and made him angry.[aa]

18 So the Lord was furious[ab] with Israel and rejected them;[ac] only the tribe of Judah was left. 19 Judah also failed to keep the commandments of the Lord their God; they followed Israel’s example.[ad] 20 So the Lord rejected all of Israel’s descendants; he humiliated[ae] them and handed them over to robbers, until he had thrown them from his presence. 21 He tore Israel away from David’s dynasty, and Jeroboam son of Nebat became their king.[af] Jeroboam drove Israel away[ag] from the Lord and encouraged them to commit a serious sin.[ah] 22 The Israelites followed in the sinful ways of Jeroboam and did not repudiate[ai] them. 23 Finally[aj] the Lord rejected Israel[ak] just as he had warned he would do[al] through all his servants the prophets. Israel was deported from its land to Assyria and remains there to this very day.

The King of Assyria Populates Israel with Foreigners

24 The king of Assyria brought foreigners[am] from Babylon, Cuthah, Avva, Hamath, and Sepharvaim and settled them in the cities of Samaria[an] in place of the Israelites. They took possession of Samaria and lived in its cities. 25 When they first moved in,[ao] they did not worship[ap] the Lord. So the Lord sent lions among them and the lions were killing them. 26 The king of Assyria was told,[aq] “The nations whom you deported and settled in the cities of Samaria do not know the requirements of the God of the land, so he has sent lions among them. They are killing the people[ar] because they do not know the requirements of the God of the land.” 27 So the king of Assyria ordered, “Take back one of the priests whom you[as] deported from there. He must settle there and teach them the requirements of the God of the land.”[at] 28 So one of the priests whom they had deported from Samaria went back and settled in Bethel. He taught them how to worship[au] the Lord.

29 But each of these nations made[av] its own gods and put them in the shrines on the high places that the people of Samaria[aw] had made. Each nation did this in the cities where they lived. 30 The people from Babylon made Sukkoth Benoth,[ax] the people from Cuth made Nergal,[ay] the people from Hamath made Ashima,[az] 31 the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak,[ba] and the Sepharvites burned their sons in the fire as an offering to Adrammelech and Anammelech,[bb] the gods of Sepharvaim. 32 At the same time they worshiped[bc] the Lord. They appointed some of their own people to serve as priests in the shrines on the high places.[bd] 33 They were worshiping[be] the Lord and at the same time serving their own gods in accordance with the practices of the nations from which they had been deported.

34 To this very day they observe their earlier practices. They do not worship[bf] the Lord; they do not obey the rules, regulations, law, and commandments that the Lord gave[bg] the descendants of Jacob, whom he renamed Israel. 35 The Lord made a covenant with them[bh] and instructed them, “You must not worship other gods. Do not bow down to them, serve them, or offer sacrifices to them. 36 Instead you must worship the Lord, who brought you up from the land of Egypt by his great power and military ability;[bi] bow down to him and offer sacrifices to him. 37 You must carefully obey at all times the rules, regulations, law, and commandments he wrote down for you. You must not worship other gods. 38 You must never forget the covenant I made with you, and you must not worship other gods. 39 Instead you must worship the Lord your God; then he will rescue you from the power of all your enemies.” 40 But they[bj] paid no attention; instead they observed their earlier practices. 41 These nations were worshiping the Lord and at the same time serving their idols; their sons and grandsons are doing just as their fathers have done, to this very day.

Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 17:2 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
  2. 2 Kings 17:3 tn Heb “went up against.”
  3. 2 Kings 17:4 tn Heb “and the king of Assyria found in Hoshea conspiracy.”
  4. 2 Kings 17:4 sn For discussion of this name, see HALOT 744 s.v. סוֹא and M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 196.
  5. 2 Kings 17:4 tn Heb “and bound him in the house of confinement.”
  6. 2 Kings 17:5 tn Heb “went up against.”
  7. 2 Kings 17:6 tn The Hebrew text has simply “Israel” as the object of the verb.
  8. 2 Kings 17:7 tn Heb “and from under the hand of.” The words “freed them” for stylistic reasons replace the term “under.”
  9. 2 Kings 17:7 tn Heb “feared.”
  10. 2 Kings 17:8 tn Heb “walked in the customs.”
  11. 2 Kings 17:8 tn Heb “before the sons of Israel.”
  12. 2 Kings 17:8 tn Heb “and [the practices of] the kings of Israel which they did.”
  13. 2 Kings 17:9 tn The meaning of the verb וַיְחַפְּאוּ (vayekhappeʾu), translated here “said,” is uncertain. Some relate it to the verbal root חָפַה (khafah), “to cover,” and translate “they did it in secret” (see BDB 341 s.v. חָפָא). However, the pagan practices specified in the following sentences were hardly done in secret. Others propose a meaning “ascribe, impute,” which makes good contextual sense but has little etymological support (see HALOT 339 s.v. חפא). In this case Israel claimed that the Lord authorized their pagan practices.
  14. 2 Kings 17:11 tn Heb “and they did evil things, angering the Lord.”
  15. 2 Kings 17:12 tn Or “served.”
  16. 2 Kings 17:12 sn See the note at 1 Kgs 15:12.
  17. 2 Kings 17:12 tn Heb “about which the Lord had said to them, ‘You must not do this thing.’”
  18. 2 Kings 17:13 tn Heb “obey my commandments and rules according to all the law which I commanded your fathers and which I sent to you by the hand of my servants the prophets.”
  19. 2 Kings 17:14 tn Heb and they stiffened their neck like the neck of their fathers.”
  20. 2 Kings 17:15 tn Or “and his warnings he had given them.”
  21. 2 Kings 17:15 tn Heb “They went [or, ‘followed’] after.” This idiom probably does not mean much if translated literally. It is found most often in Deuteronomy or in literature related to the covenant. It refers in the first instance to loyalty to God and to His covenant or His commandments (1 Kgs 14:8; 2 Chr 34:31) with the metaphor of a path or way underlying it (Deut 11:28; 28:14). To “follow other gods” was to abandon this way and this loyalty (to “abandon” or “forget” God, Judg 2:12; Hos 2:13) and to follow the customs or religious traditions of the pagan nations (2 Kgs 17:15). The classic text on “following” God or another god is 1 Kgs 18:18, 21 where Elijah taunts the people with “halting between two opinions” whether the Lord was the true God or Baal was. The idiom is often found followed by “to serve and to worship” or “they served and worshiped” such and such a god or entity (Jer 8:2; 11:10; 13:10; 16:11; 25:6; 35:15).
  22. 2 Kings 17:15 tn Heb “they followed after the worthless thing/things and became worthless.” The words “to the Lord” are not in the Hebrew text but are implicit from the context. There is an obvious wordplay on the verb “became worthless” and the noun “worthless thing”, which is probably to be understood collectively and to refer to idols as it does in Jer 8:19; 10:8; 14:22; Jonah 2:8.
  23. 2 Kings 17:15 tn Heb “and [they walked] after the nations which were around them, concerning which the Lord commanded them not to do like them.”
  24. 2 Kings 17:16 tn The phrase כָל צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם (khol tsevaʾ hashamayim), traditionally translated “all the host of heaven,” refers to the heavenly lights, including stars and planets. In 1 Kgs 22:19 these heavenly bodies are pictured as members of the Lord’s royal court or assembly, but many other texts view them as the illegitimate objects of pagan and Israelite worship.
  25. 2 Kings 17:16 tn Or “served.”
  26. 2 Kings 17:17 sn See the note at 2 Kgs 16:3.
  27. 2 Kings 17:17 tn Heb “they sold themselves to doing what was evil in the eyes of the Lord, angering him.”
  28. 2 Kings 17:18 tn Heb “very angry.”
  29. 2 Kings 17:18 tn Heb “turned them away from his face.”
  30. 2 Kings 17:19 tn Heb “they walked in the practices of Israel which they did.”
  31. 2 Kings 17:20 tn Or “afflicted.”
  32. 2 Kings 17:21 tn Heb “and they made Jeroboam son of Nebat king.”
  33. 2 Kings 17:21 tc The consonantal text (Kethib) assumes the verb is נָדָא (nadaʾ), an alternate form of נָדָה (nadah), “push away.” The marginal reading (Qere) assumes the verb נָדָח (nadakh), “drive away.”
  34. 2 Kings 17:21 tn Heb “a great sin.”
  35. 2 Kings 17:22 tn Heb “turn away from.”
  36. 2 Kings 17:23 tn Heb “until.”
  37. 2 Kings 17:23 tn Heb “the Lord turned Israel away from his face.”
  38. 2 Kings 17:23 tn Heb “just as he said.”
  39. 2 Kings 17:24 tn The object is supplied in the translation.
  40. 2 Kings 17:24 sn In vv. 24-29 Samaria stands for the entire northern kingdom of Israel.
  41. 2 Kings 17:25 tn Heb “in the beginning of their living there.”
  42. 2 Kings 17:25 tn Heb “fear.”
  43. 2 Kings 17:26 tn Heb “and they said to the king of Assyria, saying.” The plural subject of the verb is indefinite.
  44. 2 Kings 17:26 tn Heb “Look, they are killing them.”
  45. 2 Kings 17:27 tc The second plural subject may refer to the leaders of the Assyrian army. However, some prefer to read “whom I deported,” changing the verb to a first person singular form with a third masculine plural pronominal suffix. This reading has some support from Hebrew, Greek, and Aramaic witnesses.
  46. 2 Kings 17:27 tc Heb “and let them go and let them live there, and let him teach them the requirements of the God of the land.” The two plural verbs seem inconsistent with the preceding and following contexts, where only one priest is sent back to Samaria. The singular has the support of Greek, Syriac, and Latin witnesses.
  47. 2 Kings 17:28 tn Heb “fear.”
  48. 2 Kings 17:29 sn The verb “make” refers to the production of idols. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 210-11.
  49. 2 Kings 17:29 tn Heb “Samaritans.” This refers to the Israelites who had been deported from the land.
  50. 2 Kings 17:30 sn No deity is known by the name Sukkoth Benoth in extant Mesopotamian literature. For speculation as to the identity of this deity, see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 211.
  51. 2 Kings 17:30 sn Nergal was a Mesopotamian god of the underworld.
  52. 2 Kings 17:30 sn This deity is unknown in extra-biblical literature. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 211-12.
  53. 2 Kings 17:31 sn Nibhaz and Tartak were two Elamite deities. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 212.
  54. 2 Kings 17:31 sn Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of the Sepharvaim are unknown in extra-biblical literature. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 212.
  55. 2 Kings 17:32 tn Heb “feared.”
  56. 2 Kings 17:32 tn Heb “and they appointed for themselves from their whole people priests for the high places and they were serving for them in the house[s] of the high places.”
  57. 2 Kings 17:33 tn Heb “fearing.”
  58. 2 Kings 17:34 tn Heb “fear.”
  59. 2 Kings 17:34 tn Heb “commanded.”
  60. 2 Kings 17:35 sn That is, the descendants of Jacob/Israel (see v. 35b).
  61. 2 Kings 17:36 tn Heb “and outstretched arm.”
  62. 2 Kings 17:40 sn This refers to the foreigners whom the king of Assyria settled in the land (see v. 35a).
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