公義與憐憫

23 「不可散佈謠言,也不可與惡人一起作偽證陷害別人。 不可隨眾行惡。在法庭作證時不可附和多數人,顛倒是非。 在訴訟的事上不可偏袒窮人。

「倘若看見仇人的牛或驢走迷了路,總要牽回去交給他。 倘若遇見仇人的驢被馱的重物壓倒,不可逕自走開,總要幫助仇人抬開重物。

「不可在訴訟案中冤枉窮人。 不可誣告別人,不可殺害正直無辜的人,因為我必懲罰作惡之人。 不可收受賄賂,因為賄賂蒙蔽人的眼目,使人顛倒是非。 不可欺凌在你們中間寄居的人,因為你們也曾經在埃及寄居,知道身在異鄉的滋味。

安息年和安息日

10 「六年之內你要耕種收割, 11 第七年要讓土地休息,不耕不種,你們當中的窮人可以吃田中長出來的,剩下的可以留給動物吃。你也要這樣耕作葡萄園和橄欖園。 12 六天之內,你要工作,但第七天要休息。這樣,牛、驢可以歇息,你家裡的奴僕和寄居的也可以休息。 13 你們要謹慎遵從我對你們說的話。不可提其他神明的名字,不可從你口中聽到它們的名字。

三大節期

14 「你每年要向我守三個節期。 15 要守除酵節,照我的吩咐在每年亞筆月所定的日期連續吃七天的無酵餅,因為你是在這個月離開了埃及。誰也不可空手來朝拜我。 16 要在耕種後、收取初熟之物的時候守收割節。要在年終從田間收取勞動成果時守收藏節。 17 以色列所有的男子都要在這三個節期上來朝見主耶和華。

18 「不可把祭牲的血和有酵的餅一起獻給我,也不可把祭牲的脂肪留到第二天早晨。 19 要把田中最好的初熟之物送到你們的上帝耶和華的殿中。不可用母山羊的奶煮牠的小羊羔。

應許賜迦南

20 「看啊,我要差遣天使走在你前面,在路上保護你,帶領你平安地到達我為你預備的地方。 21 他是奉我的名來的,你們要謹遵他的話,不可悖逆,不然他必不赦免你們的過犯。

22 「你若認真聽從他的吩咐,遵行我的話,我就與你的仇敵為敵,與你的對頭作對。 23 我的天使要走在你前面,帶領你去亞摩利人、赫人、比利洗人、迦南人、希未人和耶布斯人所住的地方,我會把他們全部消滅。 24 不可叩拜他們的神明,不可供奉它們,也不可效法他們的行為,要徹底拆毀神像,打碎他們的神柱。 25 你們要事奉你們的上帝耶和華,我必賜給你日用的飲食,使你們身體健康,不受疾病的侵害, 26 在你境內必沒有人流產或不育,我會使你壽終正寢。 27 你所到之處,我必使那裡的人惶恐不安,使你一切的仇敵都在你面前轉身逃跑。 28 我要派黃蜂做你的先鋒,趕走那些希未人、迦南人和赫人。 29 我不會在一年之內把這些人全部趕走,免得土地荒涼,野獸肆虐。 30 我會逐漸地趕走他們,直到你們人丁興旺,可以佔據那片土地。 31 我給你定下國界,從紅海到非利士海岸,從曠野到幼發拉底河。我要把其中所有的人都交在你手中,你要把他們全部趕出去。 32 不可跟這些民族及其神明立約, 33 也不可讓這些民族住在你的土地上,免得他們使你得罪我,你若供奉他們的神明,必因此而陷入網羅。」

23 (A)“You shall not spread a false report. You shall not join hands with a wicked man to be a (B)malicious witness. You shall not fall in with the many to do evil, nor shall you bear witness in a lawsuit, siding with the many, so as to pervert justice, (C)nor shall you be partial to a poor man in his lawsuit.

(D)“If you meet your enemy's ox or his donkey going astray, you shall bring it back to him. If you see the donkey of one who hates you lying down under its burden, you shall refrain from leaving him with it; you shall rescue it with him.

(E)“You shall not pervert the justice due to your poor in his lawsuit. (F)Keep far from a false charge, and (G)do not kill the innocent and righteous, for (H)I will not acquit the wicked. (I)And you shall take no bribe, for a bribe blinds the clear-sighted and subverts the cause of those who are in the right.

(J)“You shall not oppress a sojourner. You know the heart of a sojourner, for you were sojourners in the land of Egypt.

Laws About the Sabbath and Festivals

10 (K)“For six years you shall sow your land and gather in its yield, 11 but the seventh year you shall let it rest and lie fallow, that the poor of your people may eat; and what they leave the beasts of the field may eat. You shall do likewise with your vineyard, and with your olive orchard.

12 (L)“Six days you shall do your work, but on the seventh day you shall rest; that your ox and your donkey may have rest, and the son of your servant woman, and the alien, may be refreshed.

13 (M)“Pay attention to all that I have said to you, and make no mention of the names of other gods, nor let it be heard on your lips.

14 (N)“Three times in the year you shall keep a feast to me. 15 (O)You shall keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread. As I commanded you, you shall eat unleavened bread for seven days at the appointed time in the month of (P)Abib, for in it you came out of Egypt. (Q)None shall appear before me empty-handed. 16 You shall keep (R)the Feast of Harvest, of the firstfruits of your labor, of what you sow in the field. You shall keep the (S)Feast of Ingathering at the end of the year, when you gather in from the field the fruit of your labor. 17 (T)Three times in the year shall all your males appear before the Lord God.

18 (U)“You shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice with anything leavened, or let the fat of my feast remain until the morning.

19 “The best of the (V)firstfruits of your ground you shall bring into the house of the Lord your God.

(W)“You shall not boil a young goat in its mother's milk.

Conquest of Canaan Promised

20 (X)“Behold, I send an angel before you to guard you on the way and to bring you to the place that I have prepared. 21 Pay careful attention to him and obey his voice; (Y)do not rebel against him, (Z)for he will not pardon your transgression, for my name is in him.

22 “But if you carefully obey his voice and do all that I say, then (AA)I will be an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries.

23 (AB)“When my angel goes before you and brings you (AC)to the Amorites and the Hittites and the Perizzites and the Canaanites, the Hivites and the Jebusites, and I blot them out, 24 you shall (AD)not bow down to their gods nor serve them, (AE)nor do as they do, but (AF)you shall utterly overthrow them and break their (AG)pillars in pieces. 25 You (AH)shall serve the Lord your God, and (AI)he[a] will bless your bread and your water, and (AJ)I will take sickness away from among you. 26 (AK)None shall miscarry or be barren in your land; I will fulfill the (AL)number of your days. 27 I will send (AM)my terror before you and will throw into (AN)confusion all the people against whom you shall come, and I will make all your enemies turn their backs to you. 28 And (AO)I will send hornets[b] before you, which shall drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from before you. 29 (AP)I will not drive them out from before you in one year, lest the land become desolate and the wild beasts multiply against you. 30 Little by little I will drive them out from before you, until you have increased and possess the land. 31 (AQ)And I will set your border from the Red Sea to the Sea of the Philistines, and from the wilderness to the Euphrates,[c] for (AR)I will give the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and you shall drive them out before you. 32 (AS)You shall make no covenant with them and their gods. 33 They shall not dwell in your land, lest they make you sin against me; for if you serve their gods, (AT)it will surely be a snare to you.”

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 23:25 Septuagint, Vulgate I
  2. Exodus 23:28 Or the hornet
  3. Exodus 23:31 Hebrew the River

Leis de justiça e misericórdia

23 Não aceitem nem divulguem falsos boatos. Não cooperem com gente perversa dando testemunho de algo que sabem não ser verdade. Não sigam as multidões quando for para fazer mal. Quando tiverem de testemunhar numa questão qualquer, não sejam tendenciosos ou parciais para estar com a maioria ou com a parte mais influente ou poderosa. Também, por outro lado, não deverão favorecer um pobre pelo facto de ser pobre.

Se encontrarem o boi ou o jumento do vosso inimigo, que se tenha desgarrado, devem ir levá-lo ao seu dono. Se virem o vosso inimigo tentando levantar o seu animal que vergou sob uma carga demasiado pesada, não deixarão de o ajudar.

Pelo facto de um homem ser pobre, isso não é razão para torcerem a justiça contra ele. Afastem-se da falsidade e nunca admitam a condenação de um inocente. Nunca darei o meu consentimento a tal injustiça. Também nunca se deixem subornar, porque o suborno impede-vos de verem com clareza e transtorna as palavras dos justos.

Não oprimam os estrangeiros. Vocês bem sabem o que é ser estrangeiro. Lembrem-se das vossas experiências na terra do Egito.

Leis sobre o sábado

10 Durante seis anos semeiem e colham os frutos das vossas terras, 11 mas deixem a terra repousar durante o sétimo ano, e permitam aos pobres do povo colher algumas plantas que cresçam naturalmente. O resto que ficar seja para os animais. Isto aplicar-se-á igualmente às vinhas e aos olivais.

12 Trabalhem durante seis dias apenas e descansem ao sétimo. Isto é para que descanse o vosso boi, o vosso jumento, assim como o pessoal que trabalha convosco, na vossa casa, tanto os servos como os estrangeiros.

13 Não deixem de obedecer a todas estas instruções. E lembrem-se que nunca deverão sequer mencionar o nome de outros deuses.

As três festas anuais

14 Há três festividades anuais que devem celebrar em minha honra.

15 A primeira é a dos pães sem fermento, em que durante sete dias deverão comer pão sem fermento, tal como já vos tinha ordenado. Esta celebração terá lugar todos os anos em data certa, ou seja, no mês de Abibe, o mês em que deixaram o Egito. Toda a gente me trará um sacrifício nessa altura.

16 Depois há a festa da ceifa, em que deverão trazer-me os primeiros frutos do que tiverem semeado.

E, finalmente, a festa das colheitas, no fim da época em que colhem todo o resultado do vosso trabalho.

17 Nestas três ocasiões, em cada ano, todos os homens em Israel deverão comparecer perante o Senhor Deus.

18 Não oferecerão sangue dos sacrifícios com pão levedado. Também não deixarão que a gordura, que não foi oferecida em sacrifício, fique de noite até à manhã seguinte.

19 Trarão à casa do Senhor, vosso Deus, o melhor dos primeiros frutos da colheita de cada ano.

Não cozerão um cabritinho no leite da sua mãe.

O anjo de Deus

20 Vou enviar-vos um anjo que na vossa frente vos conduzirá com segurança para a terra que vos preparei. 21 Respeitem-no e obedeçam às suas instruções. Não se insurjam contra ele, porque não perdoará a vossa transgressão. O meu nome está nele; é meu representante. 22 Mas se tiverem o cuidado de lhe obedecer, seguindo todas as suas instruções, então serei o adversário dos vossos inimigos. 23 Pois o meu anjo irá à vossa frente para vos conduzir até à terra dos amorreus, hititas, perizeus, cananeus, heveus e jebuseus, para que vivam aí, e destruirei esses povos. 24 Não prestarão culto aos deuses desses povos, não os servirão, não lhes oferecerão sacrifícios, seja de que maneira for. Não deverão seguir os maus exemplos desses povos idólatras. Deverão destruí-los totalmente e quebrar todos os seus ídolos vergonhosos.

25 Servirão o Senhor, vosso Deus, unicamente. Então vos abençoarei com comida e com água, e tirarei a doença do vosso meio. 26 Não haverá quem aborte, nem quem seja estéril em toda a terra e viverão a cota máxima dos anos da vossa vida.

27 Espalharei o meu terror sobre todos os povos cujas terras invadires e eles hão de fugir à vossa frente; 28 enviarei vespões que lançarão fora os heveus, os cananeus e os hititas diante de vocês. 29 Não farei isso num só ano, porque assim a terra ficaria deserta e os animais selvagens se multiplicariam de forma que não poderiam ser controlados. 30 Será pouco a pouco até que a vossa população tenha aumentado o suficiente para encher a terra.

31 Porei as vossas fronteiras desde o mar Vermelho até à costa da Filístia, desde os desertos do sul até ao rio Eufrates.

Farei com que derrotem os povos que vivem agora nessa terra e os expulsarão da frente. 32 Não deverão fazer qualquer espécie de tratado com eles, nem tenham nada a ver com os seus deuses. 33 Não permitam que vivam no vosso meio, para que não vos façam pecar contra mim, adorando os seus falsos deuses, o que seria para vocês uma armadilha fatal.”

Laws of Justice and Mercy

23 “Do not spread false reports.(A) Do not help a guilty person by being a malicious witness.(B)

“Do not follow the crowd in doing wrong. When you give testimony in a lawsuit, do not pervert justice(C) by siding with the crowd,(D) and do not show favoritism(E) to a poor person in a lawsuit.

“If you come across your enemy’s(F) ox or donkey wandering off, be sure to return it.(G) If you see the donkey(H) of someone who hates you fallen down under its load, do not leave it there; be sure you help them with it.

“Do not deny justice(I) to your poor people in their lawsuits. Have nothing to do with a false charge(J) and do not put an innocent(K) or honest person to death,(L) for I will not acquit the guilty.(M)

“Do not accept a bribe,(N) for a bribe blinds those who see and twists the words of the innocent.

“Do not oppress a foreigner;(O) you yourselves know how it feels to be foreigners, because you were foreigners in Egypt.

Sabbath Laws

10 “For six years you are to sow your fields and harvest the crops, 11 but during the seventh year let the land lie unplowed and unused.(P) Then the poor among your people may get food from it, and the wild animals may eat what is left. Do the same with your vineyard and your olive grove.

12 “Six days do your work,(Q) but on the seventh day do not work, so that your ox and your donkey may rest, and so that the slave born in your household and the foreigner living among you may be refreshed.(R)

13 “Be careful(S) to do everything I have said to you. Do not invoke the names of other gods;(T) do not let them be heard on your lips.(U)

The Three Annual Festivals

14 “Three times(V) a year you are to celebrate a festival to me.

15 “Celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread;(W) for seven days eat bread made without yeast, as I commanded you. Do this at the appointed time in the month of Aviv,(X) for in that month you came out of Egypt.

“No one is to appear before me empty-handed.(Y)

16 “Celebrate the Festival of Harvest(Z) with the firstfruits(AA) of the crops you sow in your field.

“Celebrate the Festival of Ingathering(AB) at the end of the year, when you gather in your crops from the field.(AC)

17 “Three times(AD) a year all the men are to appear before the Sovereign Lord.

18 “Do not offer the blood of a sacrifice to me along with anything containing yeast.(AE)

“The fat of my festival offerings must not be kept until morning.(AF)

19 “Bring the best of the firstfruits(AG) of your soil to the house of the Lord your God.

“Do not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.(AH)

God’s Angel to Prepare the Way

20 “See, I am sending an angel(AI) ahead of you to guard you along the way and to bring you to the place I have prepared.(AJ) 21 Pay attention to him and listen(AK) to what he says. Do not rebel against him; he will not forgive(AL) your rebellion,(AM) since my Name(AN) is in him. 22 If you listen carefully to what he says and do(AO) all that I say, I will be an enemy(AP) to your enemies and will oppose those who oppose you. 23 My angel will go ahead of you and bring you into the land of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hivites and Jebusites,(AQ) and I will wipe them out. 24 Do not bow down before their gods or worship(AR) them or follow their practices.(AS) You must demolish(AT) them and break their sacred stones(AU) to pieces. 25 Worship the Lord your God,(AV) and his blessing(AW) will be on your food and water. I will take away sickness(AX) from among you, 26 and none will miscarry or be barren(AY) in your land. I will give you a full life span.(AZ)

27 “I will send my terror(BA) ahead of you and throw into confusion(BB) every nation you encounter. I will make all your enemies turn their backs and run.(BC) 28 I will send the hornet(BD) ahead of you to drive the Hivites, Canaanites and Hittites(BE) out of your way. 29 But I will not drive them out in a single year, because the land would become desolate and the wild animals(BF) too numerous for you. 30 Little by little I will drive them out before you, until you have increased enough to take possession(BG) of the land.

31 “I will establish your borders from the Red Sea[a] to the Mediterranean Sea,[b] and from the desert to the Euphrates River.(BH) I will give into your hands the people who live in the land, and you will drive them out(BI) before you. 32 Do not make a covenant(BJ) with them or with their gods. 33 Do not let them live in your land or they will cause you to sin against me, because the worship of their gods will certainly be a snare(BK) to you.”

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 23:31 Or the Sea of Reeds
  2. Exodus 23:31 Hebrew to the Sea of the Philistines